List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities

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Map of ancient Egypt with town names in hieroglyphs Ancient Egypt map-hiero.svg
Map of ancient Egypt with town names in hieroglyphs
Index of four charts of ancient Egyptian Cities Ancient Egypt map-IndexA4N.svg
Index of four charts of ancient Egyptian Cities
Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt map-IndexA4NKaart1.svg
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt part 1 Ancient Egypt map-IndexA4NKaart2.svg
Upper Egypt part 1
Upper Egypt and part of Nubia Ancient Egypt map-IndexA4NKaart3.svg
Upper Egypt and part of Nubia
Nubia Ancient Egypt map-IndexA4NKaart4.svg
Nubia

This is a list of known ancient Egyptian towns and cities. [1] The list is for sites intended for permanent settlement and does not include fortresses and other locations of intermittent habitation.

Contents

  a capital of ancient Egypt
  a capital of ancient Egypt and regional administrative center
Thonis italicized name: only the Greek name is known

Lower Egypt

Town

(popular name)

In hieroglyphs Date foundedNomePatron deityModern nameOther name/sNote
Men-nefer (Memphis)
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earlier than 3150 BC1st Ptah (cult center) Mit Rahina Ineb-Hedj, Died-Sut, Ankh-Tawy, Menfe, Hut-ka-Ptah, Moph, NophCapital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom; capital of its nome
Khem (Letopolis)
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probably during Old Kingdom2nd Khenty-irty AusimCapital of its nome
Yamu (Apis)
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probably during Old Kingdom3rd Hathor Kom el-Hisn Imu, ApisCapital of its nome
Raqote (Alexandria)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
331 BC3rd Serapis Alexandria Rhacotis, Rakotə, EskendereyyahAlexandria was the intellectual and cultural center of the ancient world for some time; capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom
Khito (Rosetta)3rd Rashid Bolbitine, Bolbitinum, Bolbitinon, Trashit, Rakhit, RexiWhere Rosetta Stone was found
Ptkheka (Ptkheka)4th Neith Tanta Capital of its nome
Zau (Sais)
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earlier than 3300 BC5th Neith (cult center)Sa el-HagarCapital of 24th and 26th Dynasties; capital of its nome
Per-Wadjet (Buto)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
earlier than 3250 BC5th Wadjet (cult center)Tell al-Fara'inPe and Dep, Butus, ButosusWhere Predynastic Buto-culture was found
Khasut (Xois)
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6th Amun SakhaXeos, SkhooCapital of its nome
Timinhor (Damanhur)
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later than 1200 BC7th Damanhur Hermopolis Mikra, Tel BallamonCapital of its nome
Piemro (Naucratis)
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7th century BC7th Thoth Kom GieifΝαύκρατιςFirst permanent Greek colony; major center for Greek Egyptian sea trade
Thonis (Heracleion)
List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
Abydos-Bold-hieroglyph-D48A.png
12th century BC7th Amun ἩράκλειονEgypt's main port during Late Period; sister city of Naucratis
Menouthis (Menouthis)7th Isis and Serapis Sunk to the sea in 8th century AD; near Heracleion and Canopus
Pikuat (Canopus)
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Earlier than 600 BC7th Osiris Aboukir Canobus, Kanobos, Kanopos, SchediaPrincipal port in Egypt for Greek trade before the foundation of Alexandria
Per-Atum (Pithom)
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Around 1900 BC8th Atum Tell-el-MaskhutaTjeku, Heroöpolis, HeroonopolisCapital of its nome
Djedu (Busiris)
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A small village until 3200 BC9th Osiris Abu Sir BanaPer UsiriCapital of its nome
Hut-hery-ib (Athribis)
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10th Repyt Banha Tell Atrib, Attrib, Medeenet AshayshCapital of its nome
Taremu (Leontopolis)11th Bast and Sekhmet (cult center)Kafr Al MuqdamLeonto, Leontos, Tell el-MuqdamOne of the capitals during the 23rd Dynasty; capital of its nome during Ptolemaic Period
Šetennu (Pharbaetus)earlier than 7th century BC11thHormertyHorbeitShednu, Sheten, PharbaethusCapital of its nome; one of the centers of the chiefs of the Meshwesh Libyans
Tjebnutjer (Sebennytos)
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12th Onuris SamanudHometown of Manetho; capital of the 30th Dynasty; capital of its nome
Pachnamu´nis (Pachnamunis)12thPrincipal town
Iunu (Heliopolis)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
earlier than 3250 BC13th Ra (cult center) Ayn Shams Ôn, Āwen, ὊνCapital of its nome
Tjaru (Sile)
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14th Horus Tel el-HabuaZaru, Tharu, Djaru, Tjel, Sile, Edfu of Lower EgyptLargest ancient Egyptian fortress town; place of exile for criminals; capital of its nome
Per-Amun (Pelusium)
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Before 720 BC14th Amun Tell el-FaramaSena, Seyân, Sin, Pelousion, Paramoun, Peremoun, PeromiEasternmost major Egyptian city; Battles of Pelusium
Weprehwy (Hermopolis Parva)Before 2575 BC15thTell al-NaqusCapital of its nome
Tamiat (Damietta)15th Damietta Damiata, Domyat, Ταμίαθις, Tamiathis
Djedet (Mendes)
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earlier than 3250 BC16th Banebdjedet Tell El-RubaPer-Banebdjedet, AnpetCapital of the 29th Dynasty; capital of its nome
Semabehdet (Diospolis Inferior)
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17th Tel El Balamun Capital of its nome
Per-Bast (Bubastis)
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Earlier than 3150 BC18th Bastet (cult center)Tell-BastaPer-Bastet An ivory tag found in Tomb U-J dating 3150 BC many think has the Per-Bastet signature; One of the capitals during the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties; capital of its nome
Djanet (Tanis)
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,
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late New Kingdom19th Amun Tell Nebesha Thebes of the North, Ṣān al-Ḥagar, ZoanCapital of 21st and 22nd Dynasties; capital of its nome; important port for Asiatic trade; center of linen manufacture.
Hut-waret (Avaris)
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during Middle Kingdom19th Set Tell el-Dab'aAuaris, Hawara, AthyriaCapital of 14th and 15th Dynasties
Per-Ramessu (Pi-Ramesses)
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1274 BC19th Ramesses II Qantir Per-Rameses, Per RamessuFounded by Ramesses II; absorbed Avaris; capital of Egypt during Ramesses II's reign
Per-Sopdu (Per-Sopdu)
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20th Amun Saft el-Hinna Soped, Pi-SoptCapital of its nome

Upper Egypt

Town

(popular name)

In hieroglyphs Date foundedNomePatron deityModern nameOther name/sNote
Abu (Elephantine)
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earlier than 3000 BC1st Khnum (cult center) Aswan YebuCapital of its nome
Swenett (Aswan)
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1stSwenett Aswan SyeneLocation of stone quarries for Syenite granite
Nubt (Kom Ombo)
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earlier than 3000 BC1st Sobek (cult center) Kom Ombo Omboi, Ombos, Ambo, OmbiGarrison throughout pharaonic history; arch-enemy of the city of Dendera
Behdet (Edfu)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
earlier than 3000 BC2nd Horus (cult center)Naga el-GoneimaApollonopolis Magna, Apollinopolis Magna, Djeba, Utes-HorCapital of its nome
Nekheb (El Kab)
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earlier than 3500 BC3rd Nekhbet (cult center) El Kab Eileithyiaspolis, Lucinae CivitasCapital of its nome before Nekhen; surrounded by a massive mud brick wall
Nekhen (Hierakonpolis)
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earlier than 3210 BC3rd Horus (cult center) El Kab Al-Kom Al-AħmarCapital of its nome after Nekheb; opposite Nekheb on the other side of the Nile
Ta-senet (Latopolis)
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earlier than Middle Kingdom3rd Khnum Esna Iunyt, Polis Latton, LatoCapital of its nome after Nekhen
Waset (Thebes)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
earlier than 5000 BC4th Amun (cult center) Luxor Niwt-rst, Niwt-Imn, Nōʼ ʼĀmôn, No, Iunu-shema, Diospolis Magna, Ta-pe, Hundred-gated ThebesCapital of Egypt during most of Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom; capital of its nome; foremost religious center
Per-Hathor (Aphroditopolis)
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earlier than 3000 BC4th Hathor Gebelein Inerty, Pathyris, Naga el-Gherira
Iuny (Hermonthis)
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4th Montu (cult center)ArmantErment, Iunu-MontuCapital of its nome during Cleopatra VII
Sumenu (Crocodilopolis)
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earlier than Middle Kingdom4th Sobek (cult center)el-Mahamid QiblyImiotruDifferent from Shedet (also called Crocodilopolis)
Djerty (El-Tod)during Old Kingdom4th Montu El-Tod Ḏrty, Touphion, Tuphium, Thouôt, Tuot
Madu (Medamud)4th Montu Medamud
Nubt (Naqada)
List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
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earlier than 3500 BC5th Set (cult center) Naqada Ombos, South TownWhere the Pre-dynastic Naqada culture was found
Iushenshen (Iushenshen)
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earlier than 3000 BC5thKhozamCapital of its nome during Old Kingdom
Gesy (Qus)
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5th Horus Qus Gesa, Apollonopolis Parva, Apollinopolis Mikra, Apollonos minorisA point of departure for expeditions to the Red Sea
Gebtu (Koptos)
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Earlier than 3200 BC5th Min (cult center) Qift Kebto, Keft, JustinianopolisCapital of its nome; commercial center for the Upper Egyptian Red Sea trade through Wadi Hammamat
Iunet (Dendera)
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6th Hathor (cult center) Dendera Tentyra, Tentyris, Nikentori, NitentoriCapital of its nome
Seshesh (Hu)
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earlier than 3100 BC7thBat, then Hathor Hu Diospolis Parva, Diospolis Superior, Hut-Sekhem, HiwCapital of its nome
Abdju (Abydos)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
earlier than 3000 BC8thKhentiamentiu, then Osiris (cult center) and Isis al-BirbaOsirisCapital of its nome
Tjenu (Thinis)
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earlier than 4000 BC8th Anhur ThisCapital of the 1st and 2nd Dynasties; still unlocated
Ipu (Akhmim)
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earlier than 3100 BC9th Min (cult center) Akhmim Apu, Khent-min, Khmin, Shmin, Khemmis, Chemmis, PanopolisCapital of its nome
Hut-Repyt (Athribis)
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9th Repyt WanninaTriphieion, TripheionDistinct from Hut-hery-ib (Athribis)
Tjebu (Qau)
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10th Nemty (cult center) Qaw el-Kebir Djew-Qa, AntaeopolisCapital of its nome
Shashotep (Hypselis)
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11th Khnum ShutbApothekeCapital of its nome
Per-Nemty (Hieracon)12th Nemty al AtawlaHierakonCapital of its nome
Zawty (Asyut)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
13th Anubis (cult center), Wepwawet (cult center) Asyut Sauty, Syut, Syowt, Lycopolis, Lycon, LycoCapital of its nome
Qis (Cusae)
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14th Hathor el-QusiyaKis, KusaiCapital of its nome
Akhetaten (Amarna)
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around 1346 BC14th Aten (cult center)Tell el-AmarnaCapital of Egypt during Akhenaten's reign
Khemenu (Hermopolis Magna)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
15th Thoth (cult center), Ogdoad El AshmuneinHermopolis Megale, HermupolisCapital of its nome
Herwer (Herwer)
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16th Khnum and Heqet HurCapital of its nome
Hebenu (Hebenu)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
16thKom el AhmarCapital of its nome before Herwer
Per-Imen-mat-khent(j) (Akoris)earlier than Old Kingdom16thTihna el-GebelMer-nefer(et), Dehenet
Saka (Cynopolis)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
17th Anubis (cult center)El KaysHardai, Cynopolis SuperiorCapital of its nome
Tayu-djayet (El Hiba)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
18th El Hiba Teudjoi, AnkyronpolisCapital of its nome
Per-Medjed (Oxyrhynchus)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
19thel-BahnasaPemdje, OxyrrhynkhoupolisCapital of its nome
Henen-nesut (Herakleopolis Magna)
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earlier than 3000 BC20th Heryshaf (cult center)Ihnasiyyah al-MadinahNenj-neswt, Ehnasya, Hnas, AhnasCapital of the 9th and 10th Dynasties; capital of its nome
Itjtawy (Itjtawy)~1920 BC20th or 21stAmenemhat-itj-tawyolisCapital of the 12th and 13th Dynasties; still unlocated
Shedet (Crocodilopolis)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
21st Sobek (cult center) Faiyum Arsinoë, Fayoum, She-resyCapital of its nome
Ta may Sobek neb Pay pa necer aa (Soknopaiou Nesos)21st Sobek (as Soknopaios)Dimeh es-Seba (Arabic : ديمة السباع)tȝ mȝy Sbk nb Pay pȝ nṯr ʿȝ
Tepihu (Aphroditopolis)
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22nd Hathor (cult center during Greek period) Atfih PetpehCapital of its nome

Nubia

Town

(popular name)

In hieroglyphs Date foundedNomePatron deityModern nameOther name/sNote
Chenem-Waset (Amara West)During Seti I's reignnone Amara, Nubia Per-Menmaatre, Per-Rameses-meri-AmunOfficial residence of the representative of Kush
Iken (Mirgissa)
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earlier than 4500 BCnone Hathor Fortress town; now submerged in Lake Nasser
Buhen (Buhen)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
earlier than 3000 BCnone Buhen Largest fortress town in Nubia; housed a copper factory

Red Sea Coast

Town

(popular name)

In hieroglyphs Date foundedNomePatron deityModern nameOther name/sNote
Berenice (Berenice)
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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
275 BCnoneMedinet-el HarasBerenike, Berenice Troglodytica, BaranisFounded by Ptolemy II; named after his mother, Berenice I of Egypt
Tao ( Leucus Limen ) [2] earlier than New Kingdomnone El Qoseir Leucus Limen, Kosseir, Al Qusair, El Quseir, Qusseir, QosseirImportant trading port during pharaonic times, where goods from Red Sea and beyond entered Egypt

See also

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Thinis was the capital city of pre-unification Upper Egypt. Thinis remains undiscovered but is well attested by ancient writers, including the classical historian Manetho, who cites it as the centre of the Thinite Confederacy, a tribal confederation whose leader, Menes, united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. Thinis began a steep decline in importance when the capital was relocated to Memphis, which was thought to be the first true and stable capital after the unification of Egypt by Menes. Thinis's location on the border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period and its proximity to certain oases of possible military importance ensured Thinis some continued significance in the Old and New Kingdoms. This was a brief respite and Thinis eventually lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asyut</span> City in Egypt

Asyut is the capital of the modern Asyut Governorate in Egypt. It was built close to the ancient city of the same name, which is situated nearby. The modern city is located at 27°11′00″N31°10′00″E, while the ancient city is located at 27°10′00″N31°08′00″E. The city is home to one of the largest Coptic Catholic churches in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sakha, Egypt</span> Place in Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt

Sakha, also known by the ancient name of Xois is a town in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate of Egypt. Located near the center of the Nile Delta, it is a city of great antiquity, identified with the ancient Egyptian city of Ḫꜣsww(t).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Faqous</span> City in Ash Sharqiyah Governorate, Egypt

Faqus is a city in the Egyptian governorate of Ash Sharqiyah Governorate. Local attractions include ancient Egyptian monuments in Tell el-Dab'a, Qantir, and Omm Egrim.

Hebenu or Alabastron was a city in ancient Egypt. It was located in Middle Egypt, or the Heptanomy, and belonged to the Hare nome (𓉆. It was the early capital of the Oryx nome (𓉇. The modern village of Zawiyat al-Amwat is built on the site where the ancient city stood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minya, Egypt</span> City in Minya, Egypt

Minya is the capital of the Minya Governorate in Upper Egypt. It is located approximately 245 km (152 mi) south of Cairo on the western bank of the Nile River, which flows north through the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle Egypt</span> Section of land between Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt

Middle Egypt is the section of land between Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, stretching upstream from Asyut in the south to Memphis in the north. At the time, Ancient Egypt was divided into Lower and Upper Egypt, though Middle Egypt was technically a subdivision of Upper Egypt. It was not until the 19th century that archaeologists felt the need to divide Upper Egypt in two. As a result, they coined the term "Middle Egypt" for the stretch of river between Cairo and the Qena Bend. It was also associated with a region termed "Heptanomis", generally as the district which separates the Thebaïd from the Delta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inebu-hedj</span> Nome of Ancient Egypt

Inebu-hedj was one of 42 nomes in Ancient Egypt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Letopolis</span> Human settlement

Letopolis was an ancient Egyptian city, the capital of the second nome of Lower Egypt. Its Egyptian name was Khem 𓋊𓐍𓐝𓂜𓊖𓉐 (ḫm), and the modern site of its remains is known as Ausim. The city was a center of worship of the deity Khenty-irty or Khenty-khem, a form of the god Horus. The site and its deity are mentioned in texts from as far back as the Old Kingdom, and a temple to the god probably stood there very early in Egyptian history. The only known monuments at the site, however, date to the reigns of pharaohs from the Late Period : Necho II, Psamtik II, Hakor, and Nectanebo I.

References

  1. ↑ List of provinces ('nomes') of ancient Egypt. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/. Retrieved on 2016-03-05.
  2. ↑ "A tale of an ancient Red Sea city, Quseir - Walks - Heritage". Ahram Online. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
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