Ankhesenpepi II

Last updated
Ankhesenpepi II
Queen consort of Egypt
Statuette of Queen Ankhnes-meryre II and her Son, Pepy II, front view.jpg
Statuette of Queen Ankhesenpepi II and her Son, Pepi II, ca. 2288-2224 or 2194 B.C.E. Egyptian alabaster, Brooklyn Museum
Burial
Pyramid at Saqqara
Spouse Pepi I Meryre, Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
Issue Pepi II Neferkare
Dynasty Sixth Dynasty
FatherKhui
Mother Nebet
Ankhenespepi in hieroglyphs
Ankhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi IIAnkhesenpepi IIAnkhesenpepi IIAnkhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi IIAnkhesenpepi IIAnkhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi II
Ankhesenpepi II

Ankhenespepi
Ꜥḫ n=s ppj
Pepi lives for her

Ankhesenpepi II or Ankhesenmeryre II was a queen consort during the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. She was the wife of Kings Pepi I and Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, [1] and the mother of Pepi II. She likely served as regent during the minority of her son. She was buried in a pyramid in Saqqara.

Contents

Biography

Ankhesenpepi II was the daughter of Khui and the female vizier Nebet. Her sister Ankhesenpepi I was also married to King Pepi I and her brother Djau served as vizier. [2]

Both Ankhesenpepi II and her sister Ankhesenpepi I were married to Pharaoh Pepi I whose throne name was Meryre; their name was taken when the marriage took place, since it means "Her life belongs to Pepi/Meryre". Both queens gave birth to the kings: the son of Ankhesenpepi I was Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, who ruled only for a few years; the son of Ankhesenpepi II was Pepi II, who succeeded after Nemtyemsaf's death. [2] Pepi II was a young boy when he succeeded to the throne. There are indications that Ankhesenpepi II served as a regent for her son in those early years of his reign. [3] A statue which shows her with her son on her lap (now in Brooklyn) shows the queen much larger in size than her son. Some have interpreted this statue as Ankhesenpepi II and her son Pepi II assuming the roles of the goddess Isis and her son Horus. [4]

Ankhesenpepi (II) as depicted at Wadi Maghara (Sinai) Ankhesenmeryre.jpg
Ankhesenpepi (II) as depicted at Wadi Maghara (Sinai)

She is also mentioned together with her sister on their brother's stela in Abydos, at her pyramid and in that of her daughter-in-law Neith. She further appears in a decree in Abydos. [2] She is depicted in the Sinai, where she is shown equal in size to her son. [3]

Royal titles of Ankhesenpepi II

Profile of Ankhnespepy II from her funerary temple. Queen of Pepy II.jpg
Profile of Ankhnespepy II from her funerary temple.

Her titles as queen were: Great one of the hetes-sceptre (wrt-hetes), She who sees Horus and Seth (m33t-hrw-stsh), Great of Praises (wrt-hzwt), King's Wife of Mennefer-Meryre (hmt-niswt-mn-nfr-mry-r`), King's Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), God's Daughter (s3t-ntr), This Daughter of a God (s3t-ntr-wt), Attendant of the Great One (khtt-wr), Companion of Horus (tist-hrw), Companion of Horus (smrt-hrw). However, it is now known that she was also the chief queen of Merenre after the death of Pepi I, her first husband. In 1999/2000, excavation work at her Saqqara funerary temple uncovered several stone blocks inscribed with a previously unknown royal title for her:

"[The] King's Wife of the Pyramid of Pepy I, King's Wife of the Pyramid of Merenre, King's Mother of the Pyramid of Pepy II." [5]

Since the temple was constructed under Pepi II because it makes a reference to king Pepi II, this shows that Merenre married Queen Ankhesenpepi II after Pepi I died. Merenre was Ankhesenpepi II's nephew. As the South Saqqara Stone document, an annal document created under Pepi II, shows that no period of coregency existed under Pepi I and Merenre, this suggests that Merenre and Ankhesenpepi II were rather the parents of Pepi II (rather than Pepi I) particularly since this document also assigns Merenre an independent reign of about a decade to Merenre.

After her son Pepi came to the throne, Ankhesenpepi added the titles Mother of the Dual King Men-ankh-Neferkare (mwt-niswt-biti-mn-kh`-nfr-k3-r`), King's Mother of Men-ankh-Neferkare (mwt-niswt- mn-kh`-nfr-k3-r`), and King's Mother (mwt-niswt). [3]

Death and burial

Ankhesenpepi II's pyramid in Saqqara was found and excavated in 1998. The finds show that Ankhesenpepi's pyramid contained the first known examples of the pyramid texts in a Queen's pyramid. The texts refer to her as a queen mother, hence the construction of her pyramid dates to the reign of her son.

In 1963, the burial chamber was discovered and remains which could be those of the queen were found. The burial was disturbed and the mummy found in and near the sarcophagus was incomplete. The bones belong to a middle aged woman. [6] Next her pyramid were also found the remains of an obelisk. It is one of the largest of the Old Kingdom. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pepi II Neferkare</span> Egyptian pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty for the Old Kingdom

Pepi II Neferkare was a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty in Egypt's Old Kingdom who reigned from c. 2278 BC. His second name, Neferkare (Nefer-ka-Re), means "Beautiful is the Ka of Re". He succeeded to the throne at age six, after the death of Merenre I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pepi I Meryre</span> Egyptian pharaoh, third ruler of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt in the late 24th century BC

Pepi I Meryre was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, third king of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, who ruled for over 40 years at the turn of the 24th and 23rd centuries BC, toward the end of the Old Kingdom period. He was the son of Teti, the founder of the dynasty, and ascended the throne only after the brief intervening reign of the shadowy Userkare. His mother was Iput, who may have been a daughter of Unas, the final ruler of the preceding Fifth Dynasty. Pepi I, who had at least six consorts, was succeeded by his son Merenre Nemtyemsaf I, with whom he may have shared power in a coregency at the very end of his reign. Pepi II Neferkare, who might also have been Pepi I's son, succeeded Merenre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</span> Egyptian Pharaoh during early 23rd century BC

Merenre Nemtyemsaf was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, fourth king of the Sixth Dynasty. He ruled Egypt for six to 11 years in the early 23rd century BC, toward the end of the Old Kingdom period. He was the son of his predecessor Pepi I Meryre and queen Ankhesenpepi I and was in turn succeeded by Pepi II Neferkare who might have been his son or less probably his brother. Pepi I may have shared power with Merenre in a co-regency at the very end of the former's reign.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</span> Egyptian pharaoh

Merenre Nemtyemsaf II was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth and penultimate ruler of the 6th Dynasty. He reigned for 1 year and 1 month in the first half of the 22nd century BC, at the very end of the Old Kingdom period. Nemtyemsaf II likely ascended the throne as an old man, succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khentkaus II</span>

Khentkaus II was a royal woman who lived in Ancient Egypt. She was a wife of Egyptian king Neferirkare Kakai of the Fifth Dynasty. She was the mother of two kings, Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Saqqara Stone</span> Ancient Egyptian sarcophagus lid

The South Saqqara Stone is the lid of the sarcophagus of the ancient Egyptian queen Ankhesenpepi I, which was inscribed with a list for the reigns of the pharaohs of the 6th Dynasty from Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Merenre to the early years of Pepi II under whom the document was likely created. It is essentially an annal document which records events in each year of a king's reign; unfortunately, it was reused in antiquity for Ankhesenpepi I's burial and many of its invaluable inscriptions have been erased.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neferkare Neby</span> Egyptian pharaoh

Neferkare Neby was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Seventh or Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period. According to Egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker, he was the fourth king of the Seventh dynasty, as he appears as the fourth king in the Abydos King List within the list of kings assigned to this dynasty.

Iput I was a Queen of Egypt, a daughter of King Unas, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. She married Teti, the first Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. Their son was Pepi I Meryre. She possibly ruled as regent for her son Pepi I.

Ankhesenpepi I was a queen consort during the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt.

Neith was an ancient Egyptian queen consort, one of the principal queens of the Old Kingdom pharaoh Pepi II Neferkare, who ruled. Queen Neith was named after goddess Neith.

The pyramid of Pepi I is the pyramid complex built for the Egyptian pharaoh Pepi I of the Sixth Dynasty in the 24th or 23rd century BC. The complex gave its name to the capital city of Egypt, Memphis. As in the pyramids of his predecessors, Pepi I's substructure was filled with vertical columns of hieroglyphic texts, Pyramid Texts. It was in Pepi I's pyramid that these texts were initially discovered in 1880 by Gaston Maspero, though they originated in the pyramid of Unas. The corpus of Pepi I's texts is also the largest from the Old Kingdom, comprising 2,263 columns and lines of hieroglyphs.

Ankhesenpepi was the name of four queen consorts during the sixth dynasty of Egypt. The name means “Her life belongs to Pepi”. Two of them were married to Pharaoh Pepi I, the other two were married to Pharaoh Pepi II.

Nebet (“Lady”) was created vizier during the late Old Kingdom of Egypt by Pharaoh Pepi I of the Sixth Dynasty, who was her son-in-law. She is the first recorded female vizier in Ancient Egyptian history; the next was in the 26th Dynasty.

Iput was an ancient Egyptian queen consort of the Sixth Dynasty, a sister and wife of Pepi II.

Ankhesenpepi III was an ancient Egyptian queen of the Sixth Dynasty as a consort of Pepi II, who was probably her uncle. She was a daughter of Merenre Nemtyemsaf I and was named after her grandmother, Ankhesenpepi I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ankhesenpepi IV</span> Egyptian queen

Ankhesenpepi IV was an ancient Egyptian queen, a wife of Pharaoh Pepi II of the Sixth Dynasty. She was the mother of a crown prince Neferkare. Pepi II also had several other wives.

Udjebten or Wedjebten was an ancient Egyptian queen consort, a wife of Pharaoh Pepi II of the Sixth Dynasty.

Nubwenet was an ancient Egyptian queen consort, a wife of Pharaoh Pepi I of the 6th dynasty.

Nedjeftet is a queen mentioned on reliefs discovered near the pyramid complex of Pepi I. She was a wife of Pepi. Her name was also that of the 20th nome, later known as the Herakleopolis nome, in Upper Egypt; it is possible her family came from there and the marriage was to strengthen the king's position as opposed to the local lords.

Meritites IV was a queen from the Sixth Dynasty. She was believed to be a wife of Pepi I Meryre, but her title of King’s Daughter of his body of Pepy-Mennefer (s3t-niswt-nt-kht.f-ppy-mn-nfr) is now understood to indicate that she was a daughter of Pepi I Meryre and wife of a king Neferkare, presumably Pepi II. One more evidence for that theory is that her name means "Beloved of her father".

References

  1. A. Labrousse and J. Leclant, "Une épouse du roi Mérenrê Ier: la reine Ankhesenpépy I", in M. Barta (ed.), Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000, Prague, 2000. pp.485-490
  2. 1 2 3 Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2004, ISBN   0-500-05128-3, pp.71-74
  3. 1 2 3 Grajetzki, Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary, Golden House Publications, London, 2005, ISBN   978-0-9547218-9-3
  4. Tyldesley, Joyce. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2006. ISBN   0-500-05145-3 pp 61
  5. A. Labrousse and J. Leclant, pp.485-490
  6. Vassil Dobrev, Audran Labrousse, Bernard Mathieu, Anne Minault-Gout, francis Janot (collaborateurs) La dixième pyramide à textes de Saqqâra : Ânkhesenpépy II. Rapport préliminaire de la campagne de fouilles 2000. BIFAO 100 (2000), p. 275-296
  7. "Archaeologists unearth largest-ever discovered obelisk fragment from Egypt's Old Kingdom, on ahramonline". Archived from the original on 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2017-10-04.