Duchy of Zator | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1445–1513 | |||||||||
Status | Silesian duchy | ||||||||
Capital | Zator | ||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern period | ||||||||
1445 | |||||||||
• Again divided | 1474 | ||||||||
• Re-united | 1490 | ||||||||
• Sold to Poland | 1494 | ||||||||
1513 | |||||||||
1772 | |||||||||
|
The Duchy of Zator was one of many Duchies of Silesia.
It was split off the Duchy of Oświęcim, when after eleven years of joint rule the sons of Duke Casimir I in 1445 finally divided the lands among themselves, whereby his eldest son Wenceslaus received the territory around the town of Zator. The fragmentation of the duchy continued after Wenceslaus' death in 1468, when in 1474 his sons Casimir II and Wenceslaus II as well as Jan V and Władysław again divided the Zator territory in two along the Skawa river.
After the death of Casimir II in 1490 however both parts of the duchy were reunited, and in 1494 Jan V as the last surviving brother became its sole ruler. As Jan himself had no heirs, he decided in the same year to sell the duchy to King John I Albert of Poland, under a guarantee that he would remain duke until his death. Jan was killed in 1513 and Zator was united with Poland. At the General sejm of 1564, King Sigismund II Augustus issued privileges of incorporation recognizing both Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator as part of the Polish Crown into the Silesian County of the Kraków Voivodeship, although the Polish kings retained both ducal titles and the name of the Duchy survived in the legal acts (it had however no special privileges).
The lands of the former Duchy became part of the Habsburg monarchy after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. Though part of Austrian Galicia, Zator and Oświęcim from 1818 to 1866 belonged the German Confederation. Until 1918, the Emperor of Austria also called himself Duke of Zator as a part of his grand title.
When the Second Polish Republic was established in 1918, even the ducal title ceased to exist.
The Dukes of Zator belonged to the Silesian branch of the Piast dynasty (see also Dukes of Silesia).
Semi-officially from 1494 and officially from 1513 the duchy was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Emperor | Acceded | Deceded |
Joseph II | 1772 | 20 February 1790 |
Leopold II | 20 February 1790 | 1 March 1792 |
Francis I | 1 March 1792 | 2 March 1835 |
Ferdinand I | 2 March 1835 | 2 December 1848 |
Francis Joseph I | 2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 |
Charles I | 21 November 1916 | 11 November 1918 |
Coordinates: 49°59′47″N19°26′17″E / 49.996389°N 19.438056°E
The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.
The Duchy of Greater Poland was a district principality in Greater Poland that was a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland. It was formed in 1138 from the territories of the Kingdom of Poland, following its fragmentation started by the testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth. In 1177, the state broke had separated into the duchies of Poznań, Gniezno and Kalisz, and united again in 1279, lasting in that form until 1320, when it was incorporated back into the Kingdom of Poland. Its capital was Poznań.
Zator is an old town on the Skawa river within Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland. From 1975 to 1998 it belonged to the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship. It is the administrative seat of the Gmina Zator. According to data from December 31, 2008, Zator was inhabited by 4779 people.
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Jan IV of Oświęcim, was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434–1456 and Duke of Gliwice from 1465 to 1482.
The Silesian Piasts were the elder of four lines of the Polish Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159), eldest son of Duke Bolesław III of Poland. By Bolesław's testament, Władysław was granted Silesia as his hereditary province and also the Lesser Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków according to the principle of agnatic seniority.
Bolesław I of Cieszyn was a Duke of half of Bytom and Siewierz from 1405, Duke of Cieszyn and half of both Głogów and Ścinawa from 1410, and Duke of Toszek and Strzelin during 1410–1414.
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Wenceslaus I of Zator, was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434–1445 and Duke of Zator from 1445 until his death.
Casimir II of Zator, was a Duke of Zator during 1468–1474, and ruler over the eastern half of Zator from 1474 until his death.
Wenceslaus II of Zator, was a Duke of Zator during 1468-1474, and ruler over the eastern half of Zator from 1474 until his death.
Jan V of Zator, was a Duke of Zator during 1468–1474, ruler over the western half of Zator from 1474 to 1494, and ruler of a reunified duchy from 1494 to his death.
Władysław of Zator, was a Duke of Zator during 1468–1474, ruler over the western half of Zator during 1474–1482 and Duke of Wadowice since 1482 until his death.
Jan II of Opole was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg -Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476, ruler over Gliwice, Toszek, Niemodlin, Bytom, Koźle, and Racibórz. He belonged to the Silesian branch of the Polish Piast dynasty which was the oldest branch of the first Polish royal dynasty.