History
The Dunedin Study was the idea of psychology student Phil Silva, who worked on a neonatology survey involving 250 children with learning and behavioural issues. He identified that 10% had significant problems that had previously been undiagnosed, a topic that he researched in his 1978 doctoral thesis. [3] He realised that a larger sample size was needed; this resulted in the Dunedin Study. [4] The original pool of study members was selected from children born at the Queen Mary Maternity Centre in Dunedin who were still living in the wider Otago region three years later. In early years the study was not well funded and the local community helped collect data. [5] The study members include 535 males and 502 females, 1013 singletons and 12 sets of twins. At the age 38 assessment, only one-third of members still resided in Dunedin; most of the remainder lived elsewhere in New Zealand and Australia. [6] Study members were assessed at age three, and then at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, 45 and, most recently, at age 52 (2024–present). [7] Silva directed the study until he retired from the role in 2000. [4] Professor Richie Poulton was the study's director from 2000 to 2023, [8] and was succeeded by Professor Moana Theodore. [9] She first worked for the study as an assistant in 1998, and returned in 2010 to work with Poulton. [10]
During an assessment, study members are brought back to Dunedin from wherever in the world they live. They participate in a day of interviews, physical tests, dental examinations, blood tests, computer questionnaires, and surveys. Sub-studies of the Dunedin Study include the Family Health History Study which involved the parents of Dunedin Study members to find out about the health of family members (2003–2006); the Parenting Study which focuses on the Dunedin Study member and their first three-year-old child; and the Next Generation Study which involved the offspring of Dunedin Study members as they turned 15 and looked at the lifestyles, behaviours, attitudes, and health of today's teenagers. It aims to see how these have changed from when the original Study Members were 15 (in 1987–88). This means that information across three generations of the same families will be available. [11]
Great emphasis is placed on retention of study members. At the most recent (age 45) completed assessment, 94% of all living eligible study members, or 938 people, participated. This is unprecedented for a longitudinal study, with many others worldwide experiencing more than 40% drop-out rates. [12]
The resulting database has produced a wealth of information on many aspects of human health and development. As of 2015 [update] over 1,200 papers, reports, book chapters and other publications have been produced using findings from the study. [4] [5] The multidisciplinary aspect of the study has always been a central focus, with information ranging across:[ citation needed ]
- Cardiovascular health and risk factors
- Respiratory health
- Oral health
- Sexual and reproductive health
- Mental health
- Psychosocial functioning
- Other health, including sensory, musculo-skeletal, and digestive
A book, From Child to Adult: Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, was published in 1996 and aimed at presenting the major findings in a form accessible to the non-specialist. It includes information up to the age-21 assessment. [13] A more recent book, The Origins of You: How Childhood Shapes Later Life, covers many of the later findings. [14]
This study was awarded the 2016 Prime Minister's Science Prize. [15] In 2022 it was awarded the Royal Society Te Apārangi's Rutherford Medal. [16]
