The Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem took place in 1894, and is part of the string of Dutch interventions in and around Bali that led to complete colonization of both Bali and Lombok by the early 20th century.
The island of Lombok inhabited by the Sasak who adopted Islam in the 16th century. Some Balinese groups from the Kingdom of Karangasem had ruled in the western part of Lombok island, and one of them, the Mataram group, succeeded in gaining over the rest of the Balinese groups, as well as the totality of the island in 1839.[1][2][3] From that a rich Balinese Court culture developed in Lombok.[1]
Contacts with the English, through G.P. King developed, foreign trade interests developed as the Dutch managed to stop English influence by signing a treaty with Mataram in 1843.[2] Mataram was an ally of the Dutch during the Dutch intervention in Bali (1849), and was rewarded with the overlordship over Karangasem.[2]
Sasak rebellion
General P.P.H. van Ham, second in command, was killed in the August encounter. Officers of the Lombok expedition in 1894: Anak Agung Ketut Karangasem, General-Major P.P.H. van Ham (Representative), General-Major J.A. Vetter (Commander), Resident M.C. Dannenbargh, and Gusti Jelantik. Cakranegara destructions, 1894.
Trouble erupted in 1891 when the Muslim Sasak of Eastern Lombok arose in rebellion against the Balinese ruler of Lombok, Anak Agung Gde Ngurah Karangasem.[1][2] The rebellion, following rebellions in 1855 and 1871 which had already been quashed by the Mataram ruler, erupted when he requested thousands of troops from the Sasaks in order to make an attack on the Klungkung kingdom in Bali in an attempt to become the Supreme Ruler of Bali.[4]
On 25 August 1891, the ruler's son Anak Agung Ketut Karangasem was sent against rebellious Praya, of the Lombok kingdom of Selaparang with 8,000 troops.[2] On 8 September, 3,000 more troops were sent under the ruler's other son, Anak Agung Made Karangasem.[2] As the royal army seemed in trouble, the ruler asked for the help of the vassal ruler of Karangasem, Anak Agung Gde Jelantik, to send him 1,200 elite troops to quash the rebellion.[2] The war raged on from 1891 to 1894, and the Mataram army being the most advanced, complete with two modern warships, the Sri Mataram and the Sri Cakra, managed to occupy the rebellious villages and to surround the last Sasak resistance.[2]
On 20 February 1894, the Sasak formally called for Dutch intervention and support.[2] The Dutch, seeing these events as an opportunity to extend their control in the East Indies, chose to support the Sasak, who had asked for their protection, and the Dutch started to disrupt the importation of weapons and supplies from Singapore by the Balinese rulers.[1][2]
Dutch intervention (July 1894)
The blockade did not suffice, and the Dutch demand for Mataram's submission was rejected.[2] In July 1894 the Dutch chose to send a military expedition to topple the Mataram ruler.[1] Three ships were sent from Batavia, the Prins Hendrik, the Koningin Emma and the Tromp, transporting 107 officer, 1,320 European soldiers, 948 indigenous soldiers and 386 horses.[2]
From August 1894, the Balinese chose to resist the Dutch military presence. They attacked the 900-strong Dutch military camp by surprise at night at Mayura Palace in Cakranegara on 25 August 1894, and killed more than 500 soldiers, sailors and coolies.[1][4] Included among the dead was General P.P.H. van Ham, commander of the expedition.[5] The Dutch retreated and entrenched themselves in fortifications on the coast.[5]
Dutch reinforcements (November 1894)
The Dutch returned with more reinforcements under General Vetter. Mataram was attacked and utterly destroyed.[1][5] On 8 November 1894, they made systematic artillery bombardments on the Balinese positions at Cakranegara and destroyed the palace, killing about 2,000 Balinese and losing 166 men.[3]
By the end of November 1894, the Dutch had annihilated the Balinese positions, with thousands of dead, and the Balinese surrendered or committed puputan, ritual suicide.[1]
Amsterdam monument to the 1894 Dutch expedition
Lombok and Karangasem became part of the Dutch East Indies, and were administered from Bali.[1] Gusti Gede Jelantik was appointed as Dutch regent in 1894, and ruled until 1902.[6]
The Lombok royal treasure was seized by the Dutch, including 230kg (7,400 troy ounces) of gold, 7,000 kilograms (6.9 long tons) of silver, and jewelry.[2] Soon Bangli and Gianyar also accepted Dutch suzerainty, but southern Bali kept resisting until the Dutch intervention in Bali (1906).[3]
Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It forms part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east. It is roughly circular, with a "tail" to the southwest, about 70 kilometres across and a total area of about 4,607.38 square kilometres including smaller offshore islands. The provincial capital and largest city on the island is Mataram.
Raja is a royal Sanskrit title used for Indian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Mataram is a city and the capital of the Indonesian province of West Nusa Tenggara. The city is surrounded on all the landward sides by West Lombok Regency and lies on the western side of the island of Lombok, Indonesia. It is also the largest city of the province, and had a population of 402,843 at the 2010 Census and 429,651 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 441,147.
Klungkung Regency is the smallest regency (kabupaten) in the island province of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 315 km2 and had a population at the 2010 Census of 170,543 which increased to 206,925 at the Census of 2020; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 214,012. The administrative centre for the regency is in the town of Semarapura.
The State of East Indonesia was a post–World War II state formed in the eastern half of Dutch East Indies. Established in December 1946, it became part of the United States of Indonesia (USI) in 1949 at the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and was dissolved in 1950 with the end of the USI. It comprised all the islands to the east of Borneo and of Java.
Puputan is a Balinese term for a mass ritual suicide in preference to facing the humiliation of surrender. It originally seems to have meant a last desperate attack against a numerically superior enemy. Notable puputans in the history of Bali occurred in 1906 and 1908, when the Balinese were being subjugated by the Dutch.
Gelgel is a village (desa) in the regency (kabupaten) of Klungkung, on Bali, Indonesia. The village, near the coast four kilometers south of the regency capital Semarapura, contains some structures of cultural interest and is known for its pottery and handwoven ceremonial songket cloth.
The Dutch conquest of Klungkung, Bali in 1908 marked the final phase of Dutch colonial control over the island of Bali in Indonesia. It was the seventh and last military intervention in Bali, following the Dutch invasion of South (1906).
The Dutch conquest of South Bali in 1906 was a Dutch military intervention in Bali as part of the Dutch colonial conquest of the Indonesian islands, killing an estimated 1,000 people. It was part of the final takeover of the Netherlands East-Indies. The campaign led to the deaths of the Balinese rulers of Badung and Tabanan kingdoms, their wives and children and followers. This conquest weakened the remaining independent kingdoms of Klungkung and Bangli, leading to their invasion two years later. It was the sixth Dutch military intervention in Bali.
The History of Bali covers a period from the Paleolithic to the present, and is characterized by migrations of people and cultures from other parts of Asia. In the 16th century, the history of Bali started to be marked by Western influence with the arrival of Europeans, to become, after a long and difficult colonial period under the Dutch, an example of the preservation of traditional cultures and a key tourist destination.
Dalem Segening was a king of Bali who reigned in the first half of the 17th century, his exact dating being still uncertain. He belonged to a dynasty which originated from Majapahit on Java, and ruled from the palace (puri) of Gelgel.
The Dutch intervention in Bali in 1849 was a major Dutch military intervention in Northern and Southern Bali, following two failed interventions, the 1846 intervention and the 1848 intervention. The Dutch used as a pretext Balinese salvage claims over shipwrecks, which were customary to the Balinese, but unacceptable under International law.
I Gusti Ketut Jelantik (-1849) was a Balinese Prime Minister of the state of Buleleng, who resisted the imposition of Dutch treaties.
Ujung Water Palace is a former palace in Karangasem Regency, Bali. Now, this palace also known as Ujung Park or Sukasada Park. It is located approximately 5 kilometres from Amlapura. In the Dutch East Indies era, this place known by the name Waterpaleis. The palace has three large pools. In the middle of the pool, there is the main building named Gili Bale, connected to the edge of the pool by bridge.
The Kingdomship of Bali was a series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali, in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. With a history of native Balinese kingship spanning from the early 10th to early 20th centuries, Balinese kingdoms demonstrated sophisticated Balinese court culture where native elements of spirit and ancestral reverence combined with Hindu influences—adopted from India through ancient Java intermediary—flourished, enriched and shaped Balinese culture.
Gusti Bagus Djilantik (1887-1966) was the raja of Karangasem Regency in Bali. He served under Dutch East Indies colonial rule. He built the Taman Ujung temple garden. He had the title Anak Agung Agung Anglurah K’tut Karangasem. The park was 400 hectares but was reduced by land reform programs to 10 hectares. The Kingdom's main palace of Puri Amlapura is in Amlapura and dates to the 16th century Balinese prime minister Batan Jeruk.
Pura Lingsar was built by Anak Agung Ngurah of Karangasem in 1714, located 15 km from Mataram. Lingsar origin from sasak language mean clear revelation from God, the area has a spring, which scared by Sasak people, who belief Wetu Telu.
Mayura Park was built by Anak Agung Gde Ngurah Karangasem in 1866, located 2 km east Mataram.
The Paruman Agung was the regional parliament of Bali from 1938 until 1950.
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Dutch East Indies 
Mataram-Cakranegara Kingdom
