Duttaphrynus parietalis

Indian toad
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Duttaphrynus
Species:	D. parietalis
Binomial name
Duttaphrynus parietalis (Boulenger, 1882)
Synonyms
Bufo parietalis (Boulenger, 1882)

Duttaphrynus parietalis, commonly known as the Indian toad or ridged toad, is a species of toad found in the Western Ghats of India. ^[2]

Description

Head with very prominent ridges, namely a canthal, a slight preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, a parietal, and an orbitotympanic; parietal ridges obliquely directed inwards; snout short, blunt; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. First finger extending beyond second; toes half webbed, with single subarticular tubercles; two moderate metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces covered with irregular warts; parotoids moderately elongate, elliptical, very prominent. Uniform brown above; beneath marbled with brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac. ^[3]

Duttaphrynus parietalis, a leaf-litter dwelling toad photographed in the Western Ghats part of Karnataka, India

References

1. S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Karthikeyan Vasudevan, S.P. Vijayakumar, Chelmala Srinivasulu, Gajanan Dasaramji Bhuddhe (2004). "Duttaphrynus parietalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004 e.T54725A11194867. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54725A11194867.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
2. Krishna, S. N. Krishna, S. B. 2001. On the natural history of Bufo parietalis Boulenger, 1882, Amphibia: Family Bufonidae. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(3):456
3. Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.