Duttaphrynus parietalis

Indian toad
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Duttaphrynus
Species:	D. parietalis
Binomial name
Duttaphrynus parietalis (Boulenger, 1882)
Synonyms
Bufo parietalis (Boulenger, 1882)

Duttaphrynus parietalis, commonly known as the Indian toad or ridged toad, is a species of toad found in the Western Ghats of India. ^[2]

Description

Head with very prominent ridges, namely a canthal, a slight preorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, a parietal, and an orbitotympanic; parietal ridges obliquely directed inwards; snout short, blunt; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. First finger extending beyond second; toes half webbed, with single subarticular tubercles; two moderate metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches between the eye and the tip of the snout. Upper surfaces covered with irregular warts; parotoids moderately elongate, elliptical, very prominent. Uniform brown above; beneath marbled with brown. Male with a subgular vocal sac. ^[3]

References

1. S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Karthikeyan Vasudevan, S.P. Vijayakumar, Chelmala Srinivasulu, Gajanan Dasaramji Bhuddhe (2004). "Duttaphrynus parietalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004 e.T54725A11194867. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54725A11194867.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
2. Krishna, S. N. Krishna, S. B. 2001. On the natural history of Bufo parietalis Boulenger, 1882, Amphibia: Family Bufonidae. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(3):456
3. Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.