Clathrin is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in 1976. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a polyhedral lattice that surrounds the vesicle, hence the protein's name, which is derived from the Latin clathrum meaning lattice. Coat-proteins, like clathrin, are used to build small vesicles in order to transport molecules within cells. The endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles allows cells to communicate, to transfer nutrients, to import signaling receptors, to mediate an immune response after sampling the extracellular world, and to clean up the cell debris left by tissue inflammation. The endocytic pathway can be hijacked by viruses and other pathogens in order to gain entry to the cell during infection.
The ANTH domain is a membrane binding domain that shows weak specificity for PtdIns(4,5)P2. It was found in AP180 endocytotic accessory protein that has been implicated in the formation of clathrin-coated pits. The domain is involved in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding and is a universal adaptor for nucleation of clathrin coats.
The epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain is a structural domain that is found in proteins involved in endocytosis and cytoskeletal machinery.
Epsins are a family of highly conserved membrane proteins that are important in creating membrane curvature. Epsins contribute to membrane deformations like endocytosis, and block vesicle formation during mitosis.
Amphiphysin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene.
Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1, also known as Bridging Integrator-1 and Amphiphysin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIN1 gene.
Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15 gene.
ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GGA1 gene.
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A1 gene.
Clathrin heavy chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLTC gene.
Dynamin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM1 gene.
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A2 gene.
Sorting nexin-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNX9 gene.
Clathrin interactor 1 (CLINT1), also known as EPSIN4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CLINT1 gene.
Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15L1 gene.
Synergin gamma also known as AP1 subunit gamma-binding protein 1 (AP1GBP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNRG gene.
Epsin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPN2 gene.
Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIP1R gene.
AP-2 complex subunit sigma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2S1 gene.
RalBP1-associated Eps domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REPS2 gene.
