The foreign relations of New Zealand are oriented chiefly toward developed democratic nations and emerging Pacific Island economies. Until the late 20th century,New Zealand aligned itself strongly with the United Kingdom and had few bilateral relationships with other countries. From the latter half of the 20th century,Australia has been New Zealand's most important cultural,economic and military partner. Today,the country participates in several multilateral political organisations,including Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,the Pacific Community,and the Pacific Islands Forum. New Zealand has been described as an emerging power;however,such a claim needs to be considered in the context of its medium-sized economy and limited military capability. The country's major political parties have generally agreed on the broad outlines of foreign policy,and the government has been active in promoting free trade,nuclear disarmament,and arms control.
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development,production,stockpiling,proliferation and usage of small arms,conventional weapons,and weapons of mass destruction. Historically,arms control may apply to melee weapons before the invention of firearm. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements,although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an international institute based in Stockholm. It was founded in 1966 and provides data,analysis and recommendations for armed conflict,military expenditure and arms trade as well as disarmament and arms control. The research is based on open sources and is directed to decision-makers,researchers,media and the interested public.
The Treaty of Rarotonga is the common name for the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty,which formalises a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the South Pacific. The treaty bans the use,testing,and possession of nuclear weapons within the borders of the zone.
The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) was established in 1980 by the United Nations General Assembly with stated purpose to inform States and the global community on questions of international security,and to assist with disarmament efforts so as to facilitate progress toward greater security and economic and social development for all.
Dr. Randall Caroline Forsberg led a lifetime of research and advocacy on ways to reduce the risk of war,minimize the burden of military spending,and promote democratic institutions. Her career started at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in 1968. In 1974 she moved to Cambridge,Massachusetts to found the Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies (IDDS) as well as to launch the national Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign. Randall Forsberg was accompanied by an important colleague by the name of Helen Caldicott while she was leading the Nuclear freeze movement in both Manhattan and Central Park. Both women were met with many challenges in their efforts to lead the Nuclear Freeze Movement. These challenges included gender discrimination and discreditation as influential leaders by the media. Forsberg's strong leadership in the nuclear freeze movement is thought to be very influential in the writing of foreign policy during the Reagan administration and is even credited with catalyzing the negotiation of the INF treaty between President Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev.
The Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (SEANWFZ),or the Bangkok Treaty of 1995,is a nuclear weapons moratorium treaty between 10 Southeast Asian member-states under the auspices of the ASEAN:Brunei Darussalam,Cambodia,Indonesia,Laos,Malaysia,Myanmar,Philippines,Singapore,Thailand,and Vietnam. It was opened for signature at the treaty conference in Bangkok,Thailand,on 15 December 1995 and it entered into force on March 28,1997 and obliges its members not to develop,manufacture or otherwise acquire,possess or have control over nuclear weapons.
Bisera Turković is a Bosnian diplomat and politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2019 to 2023. She was the first female foreign minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
John Alan Beesley (1927–2009) was a Canadian diplomat and civil servant.
Bilateral relations between the Argentine Republic and Canada have existed for over a century. Both nations are members of the Cairns Group,G20,Organization of American States and the United Nations.
Sverre Lodgaard is a Norwegian political scientist who has held several senior positions within government and non-governmental organizations,including the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). Lodgaard specializes in peace,foreign and security policy,but has also worked on developing country issues. He has since the 2000s written extensively on nuclear arms control and disarmament issues and on Middle East affairs.
The International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe —is an international non-governmental organisation uniting leading world-renowned experts on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons,materials and delivery vehicles.
Relations between the European Union and the Republic of India are currently defined by the 1994 EU–India Cooperation Agreement. The EU is a significant trade partner for India and the two sides have been attempting to negotiate a free trade deal since 2007. Indo-EU bilateral trade stood at US$104.3 billion in the financial year 2018–19.
European Union–Iran relations are the bilateral relations between Iran and the European Union (EU). The EU is Iran's largest trading partner,along with China and the United Arab Emirates. Trade with Iran is subject to the general EU import regime and the EU supports the goal of Iranian accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The EU has accused and criticized Iran for human rights violations,which led to diplomatic tensions,but both sides aim at improving and normalizing relations. Should Turkey's accession to the EU take place,Iran will border the European Union.
Malaysia became the 82nd member of the United Nations on 17 September 1957. Malaysia has held a rotational non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for four terms,and has participated in over 30 United Nations peacekeeping missions since October 1960.
Beatrice Fihn is a Swedish lawyer. She was the executive director of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) from 2014 to 1 February 2023.
Germany–Peru relations are the bilateral relations between Germany and Peru. The relations are described by the German Foreign Office as "close and friendly". Cooperation between Germany and Peru takes place at both the bilateral and multilateral level.
Karin Annika Bjurner Söder is a Swedish diplomat and politician representing the Swedish Social Democratic Party. From 2014 to 2019,she served as Sweden's State Secretary for Foreign Affairs. In February 2020,she was appointed by UN Secretary-General António Guterres to collaborate with a UN group on peace building and in January 2021,she was engaged by OSCE chair Ann Linde as her special representative for the South Caucasus. On 18 January 2023,with ministerial backing from Germany and Sweden,she became a member of the International Commission on Inclusive Peace.
Annika Lisa Markovic is a Swedish diplomat who became the incumbent ambassador to Austria since 2021. She has formerly been appointed as the ambassador to the Netherlands from 2018 to 2021,Brazil from 2008 to 2011,and the Philippines from 2003 to 2007.
Annika Jagander is a Swedish diplomat and political scientist became the ambassador to Latvia from 2017 to 2020,Czech Republic from 2011 to 2016,and Botswana from 2004 to 2007.
