Fei Li (Shu Han)

Last updated
Fei Li
費立
Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary
(散騎常侍)
In office
? (?)–? (?)
OccupationOfficial, scholar
Courtesy name Jianxi (建熙)
PeerageSecondary Marquis
(關內侯)

Fei Li (died 311), courtesy name Jianxi, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.

Contents

Life

Fei Li was born in Nan'an County, Qianwei Commandery (犍為郡), which is present-day Leshan, Sichuan. [1] His father was Fei Shi. [2] Fei Li was known for his modest nature, to follow the principles of righteousness and his quiet and profound demeanour. He was nominated as a xiaolian (civil service candidate) and later served as Commandant of the State (國中尉). [3] When Liu Shan was young, he was fond of leisurely excursions. Fei Li often sternly advised and corrected him. [4] He also submitted written admonitions that were filled with righteous and forceful words in the form of moral instructions. [5] Fei Li was then appointed as the Prefect of Chengdu (成都令), a county known for its difficulty to govern. However, he achieved great accomplishments in his position. [6]

With his fair and upright character, he was promoted to the position of zhongzheng (中正; Impartial and Just) of the State. [7] He was later appointed as the Administrator of Ba Commandery (巴西太守) but did not take up the post. Instead, he was transferred as the Chief Controller (都督) of the three provinces of Liang, Yi, and Ning, [lower-alpha 1] and also served as the Master of Writing (尚書). [8] When the imperial court moved to Chang'an, Fei Li often stayed in Luoyang with the other high-ranking ministers. He was promoted to the position of Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary (散騎常侍) and was enfeoffed as a Secondary Marquis (關內侯). [9] [10]

In his position, Fei Li would evaluate the people of the three provinces making commendations and criticisms according to their merits. He was impartial and fair hence commanding respect and fear from all. [11] However, those who were dishonest often resented his strict adherence to the rules. [12] He declined several governorships, having his sights set on the regions of He (河), Tai (泰), Ru (汝), and Ying (久). After some time, the imperial court considered appointing him as the Inspector of Jing province. [13] In 311, during the Disaster of Yongjia Fei Li and his son both perished at the hands of the Han Zhao's army. [14] After his death, most of the famous officials from Yi province with the surname Fei (費) were his descendants. [15]

Appraisal

Chang Qu, who wrote Fei Li's biography in the Chronicles of Huayang (Huayang Guo Zhi), [lower-alpha 2] appraised Fei Li as follows: "Standard of restrain, leave a legacy of justice." [16]

Lu Shu

Around the same time as Fei Li, there was another notable figure named Lu Shu (呂淑), whose courtesy name was Weide (偉德), who was known for his integrity. He was summoned to serve in the government and was recommended as a xiucai (秀才; person who passed the county level imperial exam). He held various positions such as Gentleman of the Masters of Writing (尚書郎) Inner Clerk (內史) of Qin state (秦國), the Colonel (校尉) of Changshui (長水), Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary (員外常侍) and Chief Controller (都督). Like Fei Li, Lu Shu also perished during the Disaster of Yongjia. [17]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Nanzhong was also called Ningzhou or Ning Province (寧州).
  2. ↑ Fei Li's biography is recorded in eleventh volume of the Huayang Guo Zhi, titled Biographies of later worthies (後賢志), covering the life of notable persons from the Sichuan region who lived during the Jin dynasty.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhang Fei</span> Chinese military general (died 221)

Zhang Fei, courtesy name Yide, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu, who were among the earliest to join Liu Bei, shared a brotherly relationship with their lord and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. Zhang Fei fought in various battles on Liu Bei's side, including the Red Cliffs campaign (208–209), takeover of Yi Province (212–214), and Hanzhong Campaign (217–218). He was assassinated by his subordinates in 221 after serving for only a few months in the state of Shu Han, which was founded by Liu Bei earlier that year.

Chen Shou, courtesy name Chengzuo (承祚), was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer who lived during the Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. Chen Shou is best known for his most celebrated work, the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), which records the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. Chen Shou wrote the Sanguozhi primarily in the form of biographies of notable persons of those eras. Today, Chen's Records of the Three Kingdoms is part of the Twenty-Four Histories canon of Chinese history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fei Yi</span> Shu Han state regent and general (died 253)

Fei Yi, courtesy name Wenwei, was a Chinese diplomat, military general, politician, and regent of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Fei Yi started his career as an attendant to Liu Shan, the eldest son and heir apparent of Liu Bei, a warlord who became the founding emperor of Shu. After Liu Shan became emperor in 223, Fei Yi gradually rose to prominence under the regency of Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor of Shu. During this time, he concurrently served as a military adviser under Zhuge Liang and as Shu's ambassador to its ally state Wu. He also played a significant role in the conflict between the Shu general Wei Yan and Zhuge Liang's chief clerk Yang Yi. After Zhuge Liang's death in 234, Fei Yi served as a deputy to the new regent Jiang Wan and progressively assumed greater responsibilities as Jiang Wan gradually relinquished his powers due to poor health. In 244, Fei Yi led Shu forces to victory at the Battle of Xingshi against their rival state Wei and succeeded Jiang Wan as regent of Shu two years later following the latter's death. On the first day of the Chinese New Year in 253, Fei Yi was assassinated by a Wei defector, Guo Xiu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dong Yun</span> Shu Han state general and official (died 246)

Dong Yun, courtesy name Xiuzhao, was a Chinese general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. His father, Dong He, also served as an official in Shu. Dong Yun was one of four persons who held positions equivalent to a head of government in Shu from 221 to 253; the other three were Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi.

Chen Dao, courtesy name Shuzhi, was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu Han, in the late Eastern Han dynasty.

Luo Xian, courtesy name Lingze, was a military general of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266. He is best known for defending his position at Yong'an for about six months against attacks from Shu's former ally state Wu after the fall of Shu.

Huo Yi, courtesy name Shaoxian, was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. His father, Huo Jun, served under Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu. During his service under the Shu emperor Liu Shan, Huo Yi suppressed tribal rebellions in the restive Nanzhong region and maintained peace in the area. After Shu was conquered by its rival state Cao Wei in 263, Huo Yi surrendered to the Wei regime and was permitted to remain in charge of keeping the peace in Nanzhong. In return, Huo Yi became a Wei subject and continued serving under the Jin dynasty, which replaced the Wei regime in 266.

Bu Zhi, courtesy name Zishan, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a scholar of humble background, he became a subordinate of the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty and gradually rose through the ranks. Between 210 and 220, he served as the governor of the remote and restive Jiao Province in southern China. During the Battle of Xiaoting/Yiling of 221–222, he quelled local uprisings in Sun Quan's territories in southern Jing Province and maintained peace in the area. After Sun Quan became emperor in 229, Bu Zhi oversaw the Wu armed forces guarding the Wu–Shu border at Xiling for about 20 years. During this time, he also gave advice to Sun Quan's first heir apparent, Sun Deng, and spoke up for officials affected by Lü Yi's abuses of power. In 246, he became the fourth Imperial Chancellor of Wu, but died in office in the following year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ma Zhong (Shu Han)</span> Chinese Shu Han state general (died 249)

Ma Zhong, courtesy name Dexin, originally named Hu Du, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Liu Bei was quite impressed by Ma Zhong and praised him highly, comparing him to the recently defected Huang Quan, Ma Zhong was trusted and respected by the following head of the government Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi. After Liu Bei's death, he served under Zhuge Liang during the Southern Campaign and helped to quell the rebellion. He was appointed as the area commander in the south after Li Hui's death. He spends most of his life pacify the region and protecting the people of the south often with the help of Zhang Ni. Ma Zhong was known as a generous and whimsical man but he was also decisive in handling affairs. Hence the southern tribes both feared him and respected him. His duty in the south could be comparable to Wang Ping in the north and Deng Zhi in the east. After his death, the foreigners sorely missed him and later established a temple in his honor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhang Yi (Bogong)</span> General of the state of Shu Han (died 264)

Zhang Yi, courtesy name Bogong, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Zhang Yi was a 10th-generation descendant of Zhang Liang. He started his career as a scribe under the warlord Liu Bei, who founded Shu later, and gradually rose to the positions of a county prefect and commandery administrator. In the early 230s, he served as an area commander tasked with maintaining the peace in Shu's southern commanderies. In 234, he led the Shu vanguard during the Battle of Wuzhang Plains against Shu's rival state Wei. From 238 to 259, Zhang Yi steadily rose through the ranks to become one of Shu's top generals. During this time, although he strongly opposed the Shu general Jiang Wei's aggressive stance towards Wei, he still accompanied Jiang Wei on his military campaigns against Wei. In 263, he surrendered to Wei forces along with the Shu emperor Liu Shan when Wei launched a large-scale invasion of Shu. In the following year, Zhang Yi was killed by mutineers during a rebellion by the Wei general Zhong Hui. Like Liao Hua and Zong Yu, Zhang was one of few officials who served the Shu-Han state throughout its entire existence.

Zong Yu, courtesy name Deyan, was a military general and diplomat of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Like Liao Hua and Zhang Yi, Zong was one of few officials who served the Shu-Han state throughout its entire existence.

Yang Xi, courtesy name Wenran, was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is best known for writing the Ji Han Fuchen Zan, a collection of praises of notable persons who served in the Shu Han state. Chen Shou, the third-century historian who wrote the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), extensively quoted and annotated Yang Xi's collection.

Chen Zhi, courtesy name Fengzong, was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is mostly known for his association with the infamous Huang Hao that allowed him to dominate the imperial court, however he was also described as extremely talented and in favour of both, Fei Yi and Liu Shan.

Du Zhen, courtesy name Chaozong, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, that succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.

Wen Li, courtesy name Guangxiu, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.

Shou Liang, courtesy name Wenshu, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.

Sima Shengzhi, courtesy name Xingxian, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.

Chang Ji, courtesy name Maotong, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.

Li Mi (224–287), courtesy name Lingbo, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, that succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.

He Pan (244–301), courtesy name Huixing, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, which succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.

References

  1. ↑ (費立，字建熙，犍為南安人也。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  2. ↑ (孫盛蜀世譜曰：詩子立，) Sun Sheng's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 41.
  3. ↑ (父揖，字君讓，巴西太守。立學義沖邃，玄靜沈嘿。察孝廉，王國中尉。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  4. ↑ (王年少，好輕行遊觀。立常正色匡諫，) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  5. ↑ (及上疏風喻，辭義劘切，合箴規之體。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  6. ↑ (出為成都令，縣名難治，立蒞之垂績。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  7. ↑ (以性公亮，入為州大中正。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  8. ↑ (除巴西太守，不就。轉梁益寧三州都督，兼尚書。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  9. ↑ (常與大臣居守在洛，加員外散騎常侍，封關內侯。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  10. ↑ (晉散騎常侍。) Sun Sheng's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 41.
  11. ↑ (每準正三州人物，品格褒貶，帥意方規，無復疏親，莫不畏敬。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  12. ↑ (然委曲者多恨其繩墨。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  13. ↑ (數辭諸郡，意在河、泰、汝、潁。久之，朝議欲以為荊州。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  14. ↑ (永嘉六年，與子并沒於胡寇。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
  15. ↑ (自後益州諸費有名位者，多是詩之後也。) Sun Sheng's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 41.
  16. ↑ (尚書、三州都〔督〕費立建熙：尚書準繩，古之遺直。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 01.
  17. ↑ (立時，漢國呂淑，字偉德，以清彥辟，「別」〔州〕舉秀才。尚書郎，秦國內史，長水校尉，員外常侍，梁州都督。與立同沒胡寇。) Huayang Guo Zhi vol. 11. 17.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.