Fu Qian | |
|---|---|
| 傅僉 | |
 A Qing dynasty illustration of Fu Qian | |
| Area Commander of Guanzhong (關中都督) | |
| In office ?–263 | |
| Monarch | Liu Shan |
| Left General of the Household (左中郎將) | |
| In office ?–? | |
| Monarch | Liu Shan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown [1] Xinyang,Henan |
| Died | 263 Ningqiang County,Shaanxi |
| Children |
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| Parent |
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| Occupation | Military official |
Fu Qian (died late 263) was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Fu Rong.
Fu Qian was from Yiyang commandery, which is in present-day Xinyang, Henan. His father, Fu Rong, was killed in action during the Battle of Xiaoting in 222 against Sun Quan's forces. Fu Qian inherited his father's official position and served Shu as General of the Household of the Left (左中郎將), before being promoted to Area Commander (都督) of Guanzhong.
In late 263, during the campaign on Shu by the rival state of Cao Wei, Fu Qian was sent into battle to resist the enemy. At that time, many people praised Fu Qian and his father as "loyal and righteous for over generations" (奕世忠義). Fu Qian was tasked to defend Yangping Pass while Jiang Shu (蔣舒) was sent to engage the enemy. However, Jiang Shu surrendered to the enemy by opening the gates and letting them in. The Wei general Hu Lie (胡烈) led his troops to attack Fu Qian's position. Fu Qian was eventually killed in the futile attempt to drive out the enemy. [2]
Fu Qian's sons. Fu Zhu (傅著) and Fu Mu (傅募) were employed during the Jin dynasty following a memorial written by Wen Li appealing Sima Yan to act with clemency toward the descendants of former Shu Han officials.
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms , Fu Qian was a trusted general serving under Jiang Wei. Following an attack by Wei forces at Yangping Pass, Fu Qian defended it with his greatest of skills. However, Fu Qian's comrade Jiang Shu (蔣舒) eventually surrendered, and this led to Fu Qian's death in the midst of combat. [3]
The Battle of Xiaoting (猇亭之戰), also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, was fought between the state of Shu and the state of Wu, between the years 221 and 222 in the early Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle is significant because Wu was able to turn the situation from a series of initial losses into a defensive stalemate, before proceeding to win a decisive victory over Shu. The Wu victory halted the Shu invasion and preceded the death of Liu Bei, Shu's founding emperor.
Jiang Wei, courtesy name Boyue, was a military general of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in Ji County, Jiang Wei started his career as a military officer in his native Tianshui Commandery, which was a territory of Wei. In 228, when Wei's rival state Shu launched an invasion led by Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wei was distrusted by Ma Zun, then administrator of Tianshui Commandery. As such, Jiang Wei had to defect to Shu. Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor and regent of Shu, highly regarded Jiang Wei and appointed him as a general in Shu. After Zhuge Liang's death in 234, Jiang Wei continued serving as a military commander during the regencies Jiang Wan and Fei Yi, eventually rising to the highest military rank of General-In-Chief (大將軍) after Fei Yi's death in 253. Between 240 and 262, he continued Zhuge Liang's legacy of waging war against Wei by leading another 11 military campaigns. However, Jiang Wei's campaigns were relatively constrained in terms of both scale and duration due to Shu's limited resources and inadequate food supplies, as well as internal political faultlines. In 263, when Wei launched a massive invasion of Shu, Jiang Wei led Shu forces to resist the invaders at Tazhong, Yinping and Jiange, himself defending Jiange which was under Zhong Hui's attack. While Jiang Wei managed to temporarily stall Wei's main force led by Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, another military commander of Wei, took a shortcut via Yinping and showed up at Chengdu unexpectedly. Liu Shan surrendered to Deng Ai without putting up resistance and ordered Jiang Wei to surrender to the Wei general Zhong Hui; this event marked the end of Shu's existence. In the following year, Jiang Wei instigated Zhong Hui to launch a rebellion in Chengdu against the Wei regent Sima Zhao and hoped to use the opportunity to gain military power and restore Shu. However, some of Zhong Hui's officers were unwilling to participate in the rebellion and started a mutiny, killing Jiang Wei and Zhong Hui.
Liao Hua, courtesy name Yuanjian, originally named Liao Chun, was a military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Like Zhang Yi and Zong Yu, Liao was one of few officials who served the Shu-Han state throughout its entire existence.
Pang De, courtesy name Lingming, was a Chinese military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He started his career under the warlord Ma Teng, who was based in Liang Province. In 211, Ma Teng's son Ma Chao, along with a coalition of warlords from Liang Province, started a rebellion against the Han central government, which was controlled by the warlord Cao Cao. After Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao and the coalition at the Battle of Tong Pass, Ma Chao fled to Hanzhong Commandery and took shelter under the warlord Zhang Lu. Pang De accompanied him to Hanzhong. When Ma Chao defected from Zhang Lu's side in order to join the warlord Liu Bei, Pang De remained in Hanzhong and eventually came to serve Cao Cao after Cao Cao defeated Zhang Lu at the Battle of Yangping and took over Hanzhong. In 219, Pang De fought at the Battle of Fancheng under Cao Ren's command against Liu Bei's forces led by Guan Yu. Pang De was captured in battle and eventually executed by Guan Yu when he refused to surrender.
Guan Xing, courtesy name Anguo, was an official of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
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Ma Dai was a Chinese military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under his uncle Ma Teng, a warlord in northwestern China, during the late Eastern Han dynasty. After Ma Teng's death, he followed his cousin Ma Chao and they joined the warlord Zhang Lu in Hanzhong for a short period of time. Ma Chao later defected to another warlord Liu Bei, and Ma Dai accompanied him. Ma Dai served under Liu Bei and later in the state of Shu Han.
Zhuge Zhan, courtesy name Siyuan, was a military general and official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Zhuge Liang, the first Imperial Chancellor of Shu.
Wang Ping, courtesy name Zijun, was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a military officer serving under the warlord Cao Cao. In 219, he defected to Cao Cao's rival Liu Bei during the Hanzhong Campaign. Although he was a talented orator, Wang Ping never learned to read because he joined the army at a young age. However, he did not let this disadvantage stop him and had his clerk help him with his reports. Known for his self discipline, he steadily rose through the ranks to become a senior general. During his career, he defeated Zhang He, quelled Wei Yan's alleged rebellion and was the leading commander of the Shu forces during the Battle of Xingshi. The highest position he reached was Senior General Who Guards the North (鎮北大將軍).
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Fei Yao was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Wu Ban, courtesy name Yuanxiong, was a Chinese military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Wang Zhong was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
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Fu Rong was a military officer of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Gao Xiang was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
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