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Feng Xifan | |
|---|---|
| 馮錫範 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | circa 1600s |
| Died | late 1600s |
| Nobility title | Count Zhongcheng (忠誠伯) |
| Feng Xifan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 馮錫範 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 冯锡范 | ||||||
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Feng Xifan (fl. 17th century) was a Chinese official who initially served in the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan before he surrendered to the Qing dynasty.
Feng Xifan was born in Jinjiang County,Quanzhou Prefecture,Fujian Province,but his ancestral home was in Longxi County,Zhangzhou Prefecture. His father,Feng Chengshi (馮澄世),served as an official under Zheng Chenggong,the Prince of Yanping,who was a loyalist of the fallen Ming dynasty.
During the transition from the Ming dynasty to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty,Feng Xifan and his father joined Zheng Chenggong in resisting the Qing forces in Fujian Province before they established their base of operations in Taiwan,where the Kingdom of Tungning was founded.
After Zheng Chenggong died in 1662,a power struggle broke out between his eldest son Zheng Jing and fifth son Zheng Xi (鄭襲). A group of officials headed by Huang Zhao (黃昭) and Xiao Gongchen (蕭拱宸) opposed Zheng Jing's claim to the throne of Tungning,so they supported Zheng Xi and proclaimed him "Regent of Yanping".
At the time,Zheng Jing was in Xiamen and his legitimacy was recognised by Zheng Chenggong's former followers based in the coastal regions of Fujian Province,so he gathered them and led them to attack Zheng Xi in Taiwan. Zheng Jing regarded Feng Xifan highly and appointed him as a personal bodyguard. The forces of Zheng Jing and Zheng Xi clashed off the coast of Chikan (present-day Tainan),where Huang Zhao was killed during the battle. After the battle,those who initially supported Zheng Xi surrendered to Zheng Jing,who became the new ruler of Tungning. With support from officials such as Chen Yonghua,Zheng Jing implemented policies to pacify the people of Taiwan and,as a gesture of kindness,spared Zheng Xi's life but had his brother placed under house arrest in Xiamen.
In 1679,Zheng Jing appointed his eldest son Zheng Kezang as regent and delegated some state affairs to him. Besides,Zheng Kezang had married the daughter of Chen Yonghua,who also served as his tutor. Known for being decisive and strong-willed,Zheng Kezang enforced the law strictly and did not hesitate to punish members of the Zheng family when they broke the law. As a result,he incurred resentment from the nobles and aristocrats,including Feng Xifan.
After Zheng Jing died in 1680,Feng Xifan,Liu Guoxuan and others launched a coup against Zheng Kezang and killed him. With approval from Queen Dowager Dong,they installed Zheng Jing's second son Zheng Keshuang on the throne. [1]
In 1683,after Tungning forces were defeated by Qing forces at the Battle of Penghu,Feng Xifan and others convinced Zheng Keshuang to surrender to the Qing dynasty. [2] Following the surrender,the Qing government awarded Feng Xifan the nobility title "Count Zhongcheng" (忠誠伯).
Feng Xifan appears as a minor antagonist in the wuxia novel The Deer and the Cauldron by Jin Yong. In the novel,he is a formidable swordsman from the Kunlun Sect serving as Zheng Keshuang's martial arts master. [3]
Zheng Chenggong,Prince of Yanping,better known internationally as Koxinga,was a Southern Ming general who resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century,fighting them on China's southeastern coast.
The Revolt of the Three Feudatories,also known as the Rebellion of Wu Sangui,was a rebellion in China lasting from 1673 to 1681,during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The revolt was led by the three lords of the fiefdoms in Yunnan,Guangdong and Fujian provinces against the Qing central government. These hereditary titles had been given to prominent Han Chinese defectors who had helped the Manchu conquer China during the transition from Ming to Qing. The feudatories were supported by Zheng Jing's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan,which sent forces to invade Mainland China. Additionally,minor Han military figures,such as Wang Fuchen and the Chahar Mongols,also revolted against Qing rule. After the last remaining Han resistance had been put down,the former princely titles were abolished.
Shi Lang (1621–1696),Marquis Jinghai,also known as Secoe or Sego,was a Chinese admiral who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties in the 17th century. He was the commander-in-chief of the Qing fleets which destroyed the power of Zheng Chenggong's descendants in the 1660s,and led the conquest of the Zheng family's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in 1683. Shi later governed part of Taiwan as a marquis.
Zheng Jing,Prince of Yanping,courtesy names Xianzhi and Yuanzhi,pseudonym Shitian,was a 17th-century Chinese warlord,Ming dynasty loyalist and ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan.
The Kingdom of Tungning,also known as Tywan by the British at the time,was a dynastic maritime state that ruled part of southwestern Taiwan and the Penghu islands between 1661 and 1683. It is the first predominantly ethnic Han state in Taiwanese history. At its zenith,the kingdom's maritime power dominated varying extents of coastal regions of southeastern China and controlled the major sea lanes across both China Seas,and its vast trade network stretched from Japan to Southeast Asia.
Zheng Keshuang,Prince of Yanping,courtesy name Shihong,art name Huitang,was the third and last ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in the 17th century. He was the second son of Zheng Jing and a grandson of Koxinga. After surrendering to the Qing dynasty in 1683,he was ennobled as Duke of Hanjun (漢軍公),and lived the rest of his life in Beijing.
Yanping may refer to:
The Battle of Penghu was a naval battle fought in 1683 between the Qing dynasty and the Kingdom of Tungning. The Qing admiral Shi Lang led a fleet to attack the Tungning forces in Penghu. Each side possessed more than 200 warships. The Tungning admiral Liu Guoxuan was outmaneuvered by Shi Lang,whose forces outnumbered him three to one. Liu surrendered when his flagship ran out of ammunition and fled to Taiwan. The loss of Penghu resulted in the surrender of Zheng Keshuang,the last king of Tungning,to the Qing dynasty.
Zhu Yihai,courtesy name Juchuan (巨川),art name Hengshan (恆山) and Changshizi (常石子),was a regent of the Southern Ming dynasty from 1645 to 1653.
The Sino-Dutch War 1661,also known as Hero Zheng Chenggong,is a 2000 Chinese historical drama film directed by Wu Ziniu,starring Vincent Zhao,Jiang Qinqin,Du Zhiguo,Yoko Shimada,Xu Min and Zhang Shan. The film is loosely based on the life of Koxinga and focuses on his battle with the Dutch East India Company for control of Taiwan at the Siege of Fort Zeelandia. The film was released in 2002 in Japan under the title Kokusenya Kassen.
Giyesu,formally known as Prince Kang,was a Manchu prince and general of the Qing dynasty. Born into the imperial Aisin Gioro clan,he was a distant cousin of the Kangxi Emperor and is best known for leading Qing forces to suppress a rebellion by Geng Jingzhong in southwestern China between 1674 and 1675 and repel an invasion by Taiwan warlord Zheng Jing in 1676–1677.
Queen Dong,birth name Dong You,posthumous name Chaowu Wangfei,was the princess consort of Koxinga and mother of Zheng Jing.
Zheng Kezang (1662–1681),birth name Qin (欽) or Qinshe (欽舍),was the crown prince and regency of the Kingdom of Tungning. Kezhang was the eldest son of Zheng Jing and Chen Zhaoniang,and his grandparents were Koxinga and Princess Dong.
Events from the year 1662 in China.
Events from the year 1674 in China.
Events from the year 1681 in China.
Events from the year 1683 in China.
Liu Guoxuan (1628-1693) was the Wuping Marquis and a 17th-century military officer of the Kingdom of Tungning based in Taiwan. He fought all over the island of Taiwan and the nearby mainland. He also commanded the Penghu defense during the Battle of Penghu.
Chen Yonghua,courtesy name Fufu ),was a prominent official of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in the late 17th century. He was from the region near modern-day Quanzhou.