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Santa Fe de Nuevo México was a Kingdom of the Spanish Empire and New Spain,and later a territory of independent Mexico. The first capital was San Juan de los Caballeros from 1598 until 1610,and from 1610 onward the capital was La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís. The name "New Mexico",the capital in Santa Fe,the government building,militia or citizen-soldiers (vecinos),and rule of law were retained when the New Mexico Territory,later the U.S. State of New Mexico,became a part of the United States. The New Mexican citizenry,primarily consisting of Hispano,Pueblo,Navajo,Apache,and Comanche peoples,became citizens of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
The Canadian River is the longest tributary of the Arkansas River in the United States. It is about 906 miles (1,458 km) long,starting in Colorado and traveling through New Mexico,the Texas Panhandle,and Oklahoma. The drainage area is about 47,700 square miles (124,000 km2).
The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century route through central North America that connected Franklin,Missouri with Santa Fe,New Mexico. Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell,who departed from the Boonslick region along the Missouri River,the trail served as a vital commercial highway until 1880,when the railroad arrived in Santa Fe. Santa Fe was near the end of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro,which carried trade from Mexico City.
The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They are located in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States. The mountains run from Poncha Pass in South-Central Colorado,trending southeast and south,ending at Glorieta Pass,southeast of Santa Fe,New Mexico. The mountains contain a number of fourteen thousand foot peaks in the Colorado portion,as well as all the peaks in New Mexico which are over twelve thousand feet.
Ratón Pass is a 7,834 ft (2,388 m) elevation mountain pass on the Colorado–New Mexico border in the western United States. It is located on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Trinidad,Colorado and Raton,New Mexico,approximately 180 miles (290 km) northeast of Santa Fe. Ratón is Spanish for "mouse". The pass crosses the line of volcanic mesas that extends east from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the state line,and furnishes the most direct land route between the valley of the Arkansas River to the north and the upper valley of the Canadian River,leading toward Santa Fe,to the south. The pass now carries Interstate 25 and railroad tracks.
Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo,2nd Count of Revillagigedo was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain from October 17,1789 to July 11,1794. He is known as a great reformer and one of the finest administrators of the Spanish colonial era—perhaps the last able viceroy of New Spain.
Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca de Carini y Branciforte,1st Marquess of Branciforte,,was an Italian military officer of the Spanish Empire,who served as 53rd Viceroy of New Spain from July 12,1794 to May 31,1798.
Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras (1643–1704),commonly known as Don Diego de Vargas,was a Spanish Governor of the New Spain territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México,to the US states of New Mexico and Arizona,titular 1690–1695,effective 1692–1696 and 1703–1704. He is known for leading the reconquest of the territory in 1692 following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. This reconquest is commemorated annually during the Fiestas de Santa Fe in the city of Santa Fe.
The Glenn–Fowler expedition to Santa Fe,New Mexico was led by Hugh Glenn and Jacob Fowler to see whether trade with the Spanish in the region would be feasible. The expedition was made up of 21 men. They left their establishment on the Verdigris River in present-day Oklahoma on September 25,1821,and arrived in Santa Fe in January 1822,and found that the Spanish authority in the region had been ended by the Mexican War of Independence.
Facundo Melgares was a Spanish military officer who served as both the last Spanish Governor of New Mexico and the first Mexican Governor of New Mexico. Melgares was,like most of the officials of the Spanish crown in his time,a member of the Spanish upper class. He is described as a "portly man of military demeanour" and as "a gentleman and gallant soldier".
Pierre Antoine and Paul Mallet,brothers and French Canadian voyageurs,were the first Europeans known to have crossed the Great Plains from east to west. They first journeyed to Santa Fe,New Mexico from Kaskaskia,Illinois in 1739.
Manuel Álvarez was a Spanish-born Santa Fe trader who became lieutenant-governor of New Mexico.
JoséAntonio Vizcarra was a Mexican soldier who served as Governor of New Mexico from 1822 to 1823. While conducting an expedition against the Navajos in 1823,he was the first to record the ruins of Chaco Canyon.
A Spanish military fort was constructed and occupied in 1819 near Sangre de Cristo Pass in the present U.S. State of Colorado to protect the Spanish colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México from a possible invasion from the United States. The fort was the only Spanish settlement in present-day Colorado. The site of this fort is known today as the Spanish Fort.
Pedro Vial,or Pierre Vial,was a French explorer and frontiersman who lived among the Comanche and Wichita Indians for many years. He later worked for the Spanish government as a peacemaker,guide,and interpreter. He blazed trails across the Great Plains to connect the Spanish and French settlements in Texas,New Mexico,Missouri,and Louisiana. He led three Spanish expeditions that attempted unsuccessfully to intercept and halt the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Fernando Chacón was a Spanish soldier who served as a governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México,modern day New Mexico,between 1794 and 1804. He was a Knight of the Order of Santiago.
Alberto Maynez was a lieutenant colonel who served as Governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México between 1807 and 1808 and between 1814 and 1816.
The office of Captain General of Catalonia was created in 1713 by the Nueva Planta decrees of King Philip V of Spain to replace that of Viceroy of Catalonia.
References
- ↑ Chronicles of Oklahoma. Volume 9, No. 2. Written in June, 1931. The First Santa Fe Expedition 1792-1793. Alfred B. Thomas, Ph. D., University of Oklahoma. Page 195.
- ↑ A Forgotten Kingdom: The Spanish Frontier in Colorado and New Mexico, 1540-1821. BLM Cultural Resources Series (Colorado: No. 29): Chapter XI. New Mexico, 1776-1821: a poetic places journal. Archived March 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine . Editing of Spanish usage and index by Jose F. Martinez.