Santa Fe de Nuevo México was a province of the Spanish Empire and New Spain,and later a territory of independent Mexico. The first capital was San Juan de los Caballeros from 1598 until 1610,and from 1610 onward the capital was La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís.
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from what is now Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542. Vázquez de Coronado had hoped to reach the Cities of Cíbola,often referred to now as the mythical Seven Cities of Gold. His expedition marked the first European sightings of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River,among other landmarks. His name is often Anglicized as Vasquez de Coronado or just Coronado.
The Zuni are Native American Pueblo peoples native to the Zuni River valley. The Zuni people today are federally recognized as the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation,New Mexico,and most live in the Pueblo of Zuni on the Zuni River,a tributary of the Little Colorado River,in western New Mexico,United States. The Pueblo of Zuni is 55 km (34 mi) south of Gallup,New Mexico. The Zuni tribe lived in multi level adobe houses. In addition to the reservation,the tribe owns trust lands in Catron County,New Mexico,and Apache County,Arizona. The Zuni call their homeland Halona Idiwan’aor Middle Place. The word Zuni is believed to derive from the Western Keres language (Acoma) word sɨ̂‧ni,or a cognate thereof.
El Morro National Monument is a U.S. national monument in Cibola County,New Mexico,United States. Located on an ancient east–west trail in the western part of the state,the monument preserves the remains of a large prehistoric pueblo atop a great sandstone promontory with a pool of water at its base,which subsequently became a landmark where over the centuries explorers and travelers have left personal inscriptions that survive today.
Francisco Hermenegildo Tomás GarcésO.F.M. was a Spanish Franciscan friar who served as a missionary and explorer in the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain. He explored much of the southwestern region of North America,including present day Sonora and Baja California in Mexico,and the U.S. states of Arizona and California. He was killed along with his companion friars during an uprising by the Native American population,and they have been declared martyrs for the faith by the Catholic Church. The cause for his canonization was opened by the Church.
Estevanico,also known as Esteban de Dorantes and Estevanico the Moor,was the first person of African descent to explore North America. Little is known about his background but contemporary accounts described him as a "negro alárabe" or "Arabic-speaking black man" native to Azemmour,Morocco. In 1522,he was sold as a slave to the Spanish nobleman Andrés Dorantes de Carranza in the Portuguese-controlled Moroccan town of Azemmour.
The term Navajo Wars covers at least three distinct periods of conflict in the American West:the Navajo against the Spanish;the Navajo against the Mexican government;and the Navajo against the United States. These conflicts ranged from small-scale raiding to large expeditions mounted by governments into territory controlled by the Navajo. The Navajo Wars also encompass the widespread raiding that took place throughout the period;the Navajo raided other tribes and nearby settlements,who in return raided into Navajo territory,creating a cycle of raiding that perpetuated the conflict.
The Zuni-Cibola Complex is a collection of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites on the Zuni Pueblo in western New Mexico. It comprises Hawikuh,Yellow House,Kechipbowa,and Great Kivas,all sites of long residence and important in the early Spanish colonial contact period. It was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1974. These properties were considered as major elements of a national park,but the proposal was ultimately rejected by the Zuni people.
Spanish Formosa was a small colony of the Spanish Empire established in the northern tip of the island now known as Taiwan,then known to Europeans at the time as Formosa or to Spaniards as "Isla Hermosa" from 1626 to 1642. It was ceded to the Dutch Republic during the Eighty Years' War.
The Hispanos of New Mexico,also known as Neomexicanos or Nuevomexicanos,are Hispanic residents originating in the historical region of Santa Fe de Nuevo México,today the US state of New Mexico,southern Colorado,and other parts of the Southwestern United States including Arizona,Nevada,Texas,and Utah. They are descended from Oasisamerica groups and the settlers of the Viceroyalty of New Spain,the First Mexican Empire and Republic,the Centralist Republic of Mexico,and the New Mexico Territory.
Fray Juan de Salas was a Spanish Franciscan friar who provided religious instruction to the people of New Mexico and what is now Texas in the first half of the seventeenth century.
Estéban de Perea was a Spanish Franciscan friar who undertook missionary work in New Mexico,a province of New Spain,between 1610 and 1638. At times he was in conflict with the governors of the province. He has been called the "Father of the New Mexican Church".
Juan de Eulate was a Spanish soldier who served with distinction in the Netherlands,and later was appointed Governor of New Mexico between 1618 and 1625 at a time when it was a province of New Spain. He then became Governor of the Margarita Province,based on Isla Margarita off the coast of what today is Venezuela,from 1630 to 1638 before retiring to Spain.
Bernardino de Ceballos was Governor of New Mexico between 1614 and 1618 at a time when it was a province of New Spain.
Luis de Rosas was a soldier who served as the ninth Spanish Governor of New Mexico from 1637 until 1641,when he was then imprisoned and assassinated. During his administration,de Rosas clashed with the Franciscans,mainly because of his handling of the indigenous Americans,whom he forced to work for him or sold them as slaves. The Franciscans promoted a revolt of the citizens of New Mexico against him. De Rosas was imprisoned after an investigation relating to his position as governor. He was killed by soldiers while in prison.
Juan de Samaniego y Díez de Ulzurrun Xaca ("Jaca") y Roncal,better known just as Juan Samaniego y Jaca,was a prominent Spanish military officer who served as Governor of New Mexico between 1653 and 1656. He initiated several expeditions to liberate native people from Amerindians who attacked,kidnapped and took those native people as prisoners.
Francisco de la Mora y Ceballos was a Spanish military officer and merchant who served as governor of colonial New Mexico between March 1632 and 1635.
Felipe de Sotelo Osorio was a Spanish military leader who served as Governor of New Mexico between 1625 and 1630.
Martín de Arvide was a Franciscan missionary to New Spain. He served at and founded several missions in the area of present-day New Mexico,before his death at the hands of a group of Zuni.
