Hernando de Ugarte y la Concha | |
---|---|
15th Spanish Governor of New Mexico | |
In office 1649–1653 | |
Preceded by | Luis de Guzmán y Figueroa |
Succeeded by | Juan de Samaniego y Xaca |
Personal details | |
Born | Fuenterabía in Guipúzcoa,Castille (in current Spain) |
Hernando de Ugarte y la Concha was Governor of New Mexico from 1649 to 1653.
Hernando de Ugarte y la Concha was born in Fuenterabía in Guipúzcoa,Castile,son of Juan de Ugarte and Juana de Anguicia. [1] After Martín de Zavala had opened up the Nuevo León region in 1626,Ugarte became Captain of the newly founded settlement of Monterrey. [2]
Ugarte was appointed Governor of New Mexico by Matías de Peralta,dean of the Audiencia of New Spain,holding office from 1649 to 1653. [3] In 1650,he dispatched an expedition from Santa Fe,led by Captain Diego del Castillo,to explore what is now north central Texas. The expedition reached the territory of the Tejas Indians,and reported finding pearls on the Concho River. The Diego de Guadalajara expedition was launched in 1654 to follow up on Castillo's findings. [4]
In 1650,Ugarte put down an uprising among the Jemez Indians,allied with the Navajos and some of the Tigua villages,that was meant to include all the pueblos,although not all joined in. [5] Nine of the Jemez Indians were hanged as traitors,and others were sold as slaves. [6] Following Ugarte's governorship,the New Mexico Pueblo people became increasingly restless,resenting Spanish efforts to resettle them and convert them to Christianity,and eventually revolted and broke free of Spain in 1680. [7]
The Puebloans,or Pueblo peoples,are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural,material,and religious practices. Among the currently inhabited Pueblos,Taos,San Ildefonso,Acoma,Zuni,and Hopi are some of the most commonly known. Pueblo people speak languages from four different language families,and each Pueblo is further divided culturally by kinship systems and agricultural practices,although all cultivate varieties of corn (maize).
Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier was a Swiss and American archaeologist who particularly explored the indigenous cultures of the American Southwest,Mexico,and South America. He immigrated to the United States with his family as a youth and made his life there,abandoning the family business to study in the new fields of archeology and ethnology.
Pueblo refers to the settlements and to the Native American tribes of the Pueblo peoples in the Southwestern United States,currently in New Mexico,Arizona,and Texas. The permanent communities,including some of the oldest continually occupied settlements in the United States,are called pueblos (lowercased).
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680,also known as Popé's Rebellion or Po'pay's Rebellion,was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México,larger than present-day New Mexico. Incidents of brutality and cruelty,coupled with persistent Spanish policies such as those that occurred in 1599 and resulted in the Ácoma Massacre,stoked animosity,gave rise to the eventual Revolt of 1680. The persecution and mistreatment of Pueblo people who adhered to traditional religious practices was the most despised of these. Scholars consider it the first Native American religious traditionalist revitalization movement. The Spaniards were resolved to abolish "pagan" forms of worship and replace them with Christianity. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. The Spaniards returned to New Mexico twelve years later.
The Jemez Mountains are a group of mountains in Rio Arriba,Sandoval,and Los Alamos counties,New Mexico,United States.
San Agustín de la Isleta Mission,founded in 1613,was a Spanish Mission in what is now Bernalillo County,New Mexico,United States. It was a religious outpost established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans,to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans.
The Concho River is a river in the U.S. state of Texas. Concho is Spanish for "shell";the river was so named due to its abundance of freshwater mussels,such as the Tampico pearly mussel.
The Piro pueblo of Senecú was the southernmost occupied pueblo in New Mexico prior to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. It was located on the west bank of the Rio Grande within sight of the Piro pueblo of San Pasqual. Colonial Spanish documents consistently place the pueblo opposite of Black Mesa,which is near San Marcial. Due to changes in the floodplain and the establishment of San Marcial,however,no surface remains of the pueblo survive in the area.
New Mexico State Road 4 (NM 4) is a 67.946-mile-long (109.348 km) state highway in Sandoval,Los Alamos,and Santa Fe counties in New Mexico,United States. It is significant as the main access route connecting the remote town of Los Alamos,Los Alamos National Laboratory,and Bandelier National Monument to other,more major highways in New Mexico.
Francisco de Ayeta was a Spanish Franciscan missionary of the 17th century,in New Spain.
The Las Conchas Fire was a large wildfire in the state of New Mexico,in the United States,in 2011. The fire started in Santa Fe National Forest and burned more than 150,000 acres,threatening Los Alamos National Laboratory and the town of Los Alamos. After five days of burning,it became the largest wildfire in New Mexico state history at the time. It was surpassed in 2012 by the much larger Whitewater-Baldy Complex Fire and in 2022 by the Calf Canyon/Hermits Peak Fire and the Black Fire making the Las Conchas Fire the fourth-largest fire in New Mexico's recorded history.
The Diego de Guadalajara expedition of 1654 was a Spanish expedition dispatched to follow up on the finding of freshwater pearls from pearl mussels in the Concho River in what is now Texas. Although results were disappointing,the expedition led to continued contact with the people of the area and then to Spanish settlement in and around San Angelo,Texas.
Fray Juan de Salas was a Spanish Franciscan friar who provided religious instruction to the people of New Mexico and what is now Texas in the first half of the seventeenth century.
Domingo Jironza Pétriz de Cruzate was a Spanish soldier who was Governor of New Mexico from 1683 to 1686,and again from 1689 to 1691. He came to office at a time a large part of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was independent of Spanish rule due to the Pueblo Revolt. With limited resources,he was unable to reconquer the province.
Dowa Yalanne is a steep mesa 3.1 miles (5 km) southeast of the present Pueblo of Zuni,on the Zuni Indian Reservation. Plainly visible from the Zuni Pueblo,the mesa is located in McKinley County,New Mexico,and has an elevation of 7,274 feet (2,217 m). The mesa is a sacred place for the Zuni people,who fled to the mesa top to escape the Coronado expedition in 1540,and it is closed to outside visitors.
Juan de Samaniego y Díez de Ulzurrun Xaca ("Jaca") y Roncal,better known just as Juan Samaniego y Jaca,was a prominent Spanish military officer who served as Governor of New Mexico between 1653 and 1656. He initiated several expeditions to liberate native people from Amerindians who attacked,kidnapped and took those native people as prisoners.
Juan de Ulibarrí or Uribarrí (1670-1716) was a Spanish or Criollo soldier and explorer who lived in New Mexico. In 1706 he led an expedition to El Cuartelejo on the Great Plains of western Kansas and eastern Colorado. Ulibarrí's diary survives and is an important source for the history of Spanish exploration of the Great Plains and relationships with the Apache and Pueblo Indians. The purpose of Ulibarrí's expedition was to find and escort back to New Mexico about 60 people from Picuris Pueblo who had earlier fled Spanish rule in New Mexico and established communities on the Great Plains. The Cuartelejo Ruins in Kansas are a remnant of the Pueblos who lived on the plains.
JoséNaranjo was a Puebloan of partial African ancestry who served the Spanish government of New Mexico. His father may have helped lead the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and Naranjo initially opposed co-operation with the Spanish,successfully escaping from Spanish custody.
Astialakwa Jemez:Walatowa,Navajo:Mąʼii Deeshgiizh) was a prehistoric and historic village built by the ancestral Puebloan people located within the Astialakwa Archeological District,in an area now known as the Jemez Springs area of Northern New Mexico. The archeological area is on the National Register of Historic Places. The location is restricted from access.