The Chichimeca War (1550–90) was a military conflict between the Spanish Empire and the Chichimeca Confederation established in the territories today known as the Central Mexican Plateau,called by the Conquistadores La Gran Chichimeca. The epicenter of the hostilities was the region now called the Bajío. The Chichimeca War is recorded as the longest and most expensive military campaign confronting the Spanish Empire and indigenous people in Aridoamerica. The forty-year conflict was settled through several peace treaties driven by the Spaniards which led to the pacification and,ultimately,the streamlined integration of the native populations into the New Spain society.
Tomás de la Cerda y Aragón,3rd Marquess of la Laguna de Camero Viejo,GE,KOA,,was a Spanish nobleman,viceroy of Galicia and of New Spain from 1680 to 1686. He is better known as the Count of Paredes,though he held this title only as consort.
Matehuala is a city in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí,situated at an elevation of about 1,500 m. Matehuala is also the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name,located in the northern part of the state,on the border with the southwestern corner of Nuevo León. The municipality of Matehuala has a population of 102,199,and an area of 1,302 km2 (503 sq mi).
Gaspar de la Cerda Silva Sandoval y Mendoza,8th Count of Galve,Lord of Salcedón and Tortola was viceroy of New Spain from November 20,1688,to February 26,1696.
Baltasar de Zúñiga y Guzmán,1st Duke of Arión,2nd Marquess of Valero was Spanish viceroy of New Spain from August 16,1716,to October 14,1722,and later president of the Council of the Indies.
Fernando Javier Rivera y Moncada was a Mexican-born soldier of the Spanish Empire who served in The Californias,the far north-western frontier of New Spain. He participated in several early overland explorations and later served as third Governor of The Californias,from 1774 to 1777.
The Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia was a military company of the Spanish Army serving in the Spanish colonial empire.
Alberto del Canto,formally Alberto Vieira do Canto,was a noble and military Portuguese conquistador who explored the north of Mexico,where he was the founder of several cities.
Juan Martin de Veramendi was a Spanish and Mexican (1821–1833) politician who served as governor of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas from 1832 until 1833. Veramendi was also collector of foreign revenue,alternate deputy of the Texas Provincial Depuration to the Mexican National Constituent Congress,alcalde of Bexar and Vice Governor.
Juan de Amézqueta,was a captain in the Puerto Rican Militia who defended Puerto Rico from an invasion by the Dutch in 1625. He fought and wounded Captain Balduino Enrico who was ordered by the Dutch Government to capture Puerto Rico.
The Provincias Internas,also known as the Comandancia y Capitanía General de las Provincias Internas,was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire created in 1776 to provide more autonomy for the frontier provinces of the Viceroyalty of New Spain,present-day northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States. The goal of its creation was to establish a unified government in political,military and fiscal affairs. Nevertheless,the Commandancy General experienced significant changes in its administration because of experimentation to find the best government for the frontier region as well as bureaucratic in-fighting. Its creation was part of the Bourbon Reforms and was part of an effort to invigorate economic and population growth in the region to stave off encroachment on the region by foreign powers. During its existence,the Commandancy General encompassed the provinces of Nueva Navarre,Nueva Vizcaya,Las Californias,Nuevo México,Nuevo Santander,Nuevo Reyno de León,Coahuila and Texas.
Pedro del Barrio Junco y Espriella was acting governor of Texas from 1748 to 1750 and twice the governor of Nuevo León,Mexico.
Manuel Antonio Cordero y Bustamante was a Spanish soldier and politician who served as acting governor of Coahuila,governor of the same province (1798–1817),acting governor of Texas (1805–1808) and governor of the province of Sonora and Sinaloa.
Antonio Valverde y Cosío was the architect behind the disastrous Villasur expedition wherein the famous Spanish colonial scout JoséNaranjo perished.
Juan Francisco Treviño was the Governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México from 1675 to 1679. As governor,he persecuted the Pueblo Native Americans,causing the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish settlers.
Facundo Melgares was a Spanish military officer who served as both the last Spanish Governor of New Mexico and the first Mexican Governor of New Mexico. Melgares was,like most of the officials of the Spanish crown in his time,a member of the Spanish upper class. He is described as a "portly man of military demeanour" and as "a gentleman and gallant soldier".
Mateo Antonio de Mendoza Díaz de Arce was a military leader and the governor of Nueva Vizcaya and Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico in 1760. He was the interim governor between Francisco Antonio Marin del Valle and Manuel Portillo Urrisola.
Felipe de Barri (?–1784) was comandante of Alta California. He moved there from Loreto,Baja California Sur. Pedro Fages served as the military governor from July 9,1770 to March 23,1774 at Presidio of Monterey,California. Barri had some friction with the president of the Catholic priests of the Franciscan order,Father President Fray Vicente Mora,but for the most part it was time of peace,but Barri was quick to judge and was suspicious,fearing the return of troubles that the Jesuits were accused of. He and Francisco Palóu,administrator and historian on the Baja and Alta California had some troubles. There was a small revolt at Todos Santos.
Fort Romualdo Pacheco also called Fuerte de Laguna Chapala was a Mexican fort built in 1825 and was abandoned a year later in 1826. The fort was 100 feet square with thick stone and adobe walls. The fort was built by Lieutenant Alfrez Jose Antonio Romualdo Pacheco Sr. in response to the attacked on travelers on the route made by Juan Bautista de Anza's expedition in 1774 from Sonora to Alta California. The fort was built after Fernando Rivera y Moncada,many of his soldiers,Francisco Garcés and his local missionaries,were killed at Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer in that is called the Yuma Revolt or Yuma Massacre on July 18,1781. The attack was by the Apache Quechan Indians. The Yuma Massacre closed the overland transportation between northern Mexico and Alta California for 50 years. This halted the immigration of Mexicans to Alta California. Lieutenant Pacheco with soldiers and cavalry from the Presidio de San Diego built the fort in later 1825 and early 1826. The fort was built just north of the New River and south of the Bull Head Slough in what is now Imperial,California. The Fort was only used for a few months in 1826. Pacheco returned to San Diego and put Ignacio Delgado in charge of the Fort. On April 26,1826,the San Sebastian Kumeyaay Indians attacked the fort. Pacheco had heard about rumors of the attack and arrived during the attack with reinforcements from San Diego. Pacheco and his 25 lancers fought off the attack. In the battle,three soldiers were killed and three injured. In the battle,28 Indians were killed. But,now the fort was surrounded by many Kumeyaay and Quechan warriors. Vastly outnumbered the Fort was abandoned and all returned to San Diego. Archeologists did digs at the site in 1958 before Imperial Valley College Museum removed the remains.
Pedro Reneros de Posada was a general who served as interim governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico in 1686–1689,during the Pueblo Amerindian revolt,as well as leader of the Presidio of El Paso.
