Fijian general election, 2014

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Fijian general election, 2014
Flag of Fiji.svg
←  2006 17 September 2014 2018  →
All 50 seats to the Parliament of Fiji
Registered 591,101
Turnout 84.6%

 First partySecond partyThird party
  Frank Bainimarama September 2014.jpg Teimumu Kepa.jpg Biman Prasad January 2015.jpg
Leader Frank Bainimarama Teimumu Kepa Biman Prasad
Party FijiFirst SODELPA NFP
Leader since201420132014
Last election0360
Seats won32153
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 32Decrease2.svg 21Increase2.svg 3
Popular vote293,544139,80927,065
Percentage59.17%28.18%5.46%
Prime Minister before election

Frank Bainimarama
Independent

Subsequent Prime Minister

Frank Bainimarama
FijiFirst

Fiji
Coat of arms of Fiji.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Fiji

General elections were held in Fiji on 17 September 2014, [1] [2] to select the 50 members of the Fijian parliament. [3]

Fiji country in Oceania

Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about 1,100 nautical miles northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about 18,300 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi). The most outlying island is Ono-i-Lau. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the total population of 898,760. The capital, Suva, on Viti Levu, serves as the country's principal cruise-ship port. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts, either in Suva or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi—where tourism is the major local industry—or Lautoka, where the sugar-cane industry is paramount. Due to its terrain, the interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited.

Parliament of Fiji legislature of Fiji

The Parliament of Fiji is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Fiji. It consists of 51 members elected every 4 years using open-list proportional representation in one multi-member nationwide constituency.

Contents

The incumbent Prime Minister, Frank Bainimarama, was re-elected. Prior to the election Bainimarama was an Independent but stood for the FijiFirst Party in 2014. The Social Democratic Liberal Party and the National Federation Party both got over 5%, the threshold for a party or independent to have seats in the parliament. [4]

Frank Bainimarama Prime Minister of Fiji

Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama CF, MSD, OStJ, known commonly as Frank Bainimarama and sometimes by the chiefly title Ratu, is a Fijian naval officer and politician who has been Prime Minister of Fiji since 2007. He was the Commander of the Fijian Military Forces from 1999 to 2014. While holding the office of Prime Minister, he has temporarily held various ministerial portfolios: Information, Home Affairs, Immigration, Public Service, Indigenous and Multi-Ethnic Affairs, Finance, and Foreign Affairs.

Social Democratic Liberal Party Political party in Fiji

The Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA) is a Taukei ethno-nationalist political party in Fiji. The party was formed in January 2013 after the dissolution of the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua. The party's leader is Sitiveni Rabuka.

National Federation Party Fijian political party

The National Federation Party is a Fijian political party founded by A.D. Patel in November 1968, as a merger of the Federation Party and the National Democratic Party. Though it claimed to represent all Fiji Islanders, it was supported, in practice, almost exclusively by Indo-Fijians whose ancestors had come to Fiji, mostly as indentured labourers, between 1879 and 1916.

The elections were originally scheduled for March 2009, but were not held then because politicians did not agree to the People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress. Between 2009 and 2014 many public announcements and requests were made and on 23 March 2014 the interim government announced the election would be held on 17 September 2014.

The People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress was a proposed legal document which would have complemented the 1997 Constitution of Fiji. It would have established compulsory guidelines for any government policy in Fiji over the coming years. The People's Charter was due to be completed and come into force prior to the scheduled 2014 general election.

The elections were to be held under the new constitution which lowered the voting age to 18 and gave the right of multiple citizenship to Fijians for the first time.

2013 Constitution of Fiji

Fiji's fourth constitution was signed into law by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau on September 6, 2013, coming into effect immediately. It is the first to eliminate race-based electoral rolls, race-based seat quotas, district-based representation, the unelected upper chamber, and the role of the hereditary Council of Chiefs. It vests sole legislative authority in a single-chamber, 50-seat, at-large Parliament, to be first convened following general elections in 2014. It is also the first ever to grant the right to multiple citizenship, and lowers the voting age to 18.

Multiple citizenship, dual citizenship, multiple nationality or dual nationality, is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states. Conceptually, citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the state and nationality is a matter of international dealings.

Background

After the Fijian military coup of 5 December 2006, the new interim prime minister Jona Senilagakali announced that elections would take place held "hopefully in 12 months, two years". [5] Later it was made clear[ by whom? ] that none of the ministers in the interim government would be allowed to contest the elections. [6]

2006 Fijian coup détat coup détat in Fiji

The Fijian coup d'état of December 2006 occurred as a continuation of the pressure which had been building since the military unrest of the 2000 Fijian coup d'état and 2005–06 Fijian political crisis.

Prime Minister of Fiji position

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji is the head of government of Fiji. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President under the terms of the 2013 Constitution of Fiji.

Jona Baravilala Senilagakali was a Fijian medical doctor and diplomat who briefly served as Prime Minister of Fiji from December 2006 to January 2007. Subsequently, he was Minister for Health from 2007 to 2008.

On 6 January 2007 Commodore Frank Bainimarama, the leader of the coup, succeeded Senilagakali as interim Prime Minister. On 29 January 2007, Bainimarama announced that the next election would be around five years away. [7] He informed a visiting regional delegation on 30–31 January that elections would have to wait until a census had been completed, a new voters' roll compiled, and boundaries of electoral districts defined. [8] Meanwhile, interim Attorney-General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum suggested using electronic voting to shorten the period of time for counting votes (previously over ten days), and thereby reduce the potential for election rigging. [9]

Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain, but below a rear admiral. Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral, counter admiral, or senior captain as an equivalent, although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral.

Census Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

Attorney General of Fiji

Fiji's chief governmental legal officer is the Attorney General. The office is usually held by the Minister for Justice, although they are distinct offices. Like other members of the Fijian Cabinet, the Attorney-General is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Later, Bainimarama announced changes to the electoral system that would abolish the race-based constituencies and that elections would take place in 2010. [10] It was later clarified that the interim administration has no mandate for electoral and constitutional reform, as such changes have to go through the parliamentary process; as such, the proposed 2010 election would take place under the current race-based system, but Bainimarama stated he wished the next government to change the electoral system. [11] In mid-June 2007, Bainimarama gave in to demands from the European Union, Australia and New Zealand to hold polls by 28 February 2009; [12] [13] he also requested assistance with election preparations. [14]

The deposed Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase, stated he would contest the elections. [15] By contrast, Bainimarama said that he had no intention of taking part in the election. [16]

In March 2008, responding to regional pressure for concrete evidence of his commitment to hold elections in 2009, Bainimarama argued:

"Elections are central to democracy but they are not always, on their own, a magic or quick-fix solution. How can an election, on its own, make a difference when it is based on divisive and race based communal electoral arrangements? How can an election, on its own, solve the deep differences that our constitution has perpetuated between the different races in our country? Unless there are fundamental reforms, how can an election succeed where it will take us straight back to the grimy old politics of self interest, cronyism and scam mongering?" [17]

In April 2008, Finance Minister Mahendra Chaudhry stated that it was necessary to complete and implement the People's Charter for Change and Progress before holding any elections. [18] In May, Commodore Bainimarama said that elections would not take place in March 2009 unless politicians agreed to the Charter. [19]

Ousted Vice-President Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi remarked that the next election would likely be won by "a Fijian-dominated political party" (meaning indigenous-dominated), and asked what the military would do in such a case. [20]

Bainimarama stated that Qarase's Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua party would be authorised to take part in the election, but that, if elected, Qarase would have to abide by the People's Charter. He would not be authorised to introduce or re-introduce policies – such as the Reconciliation, Tolerance and Unity Bill- which Bainimarama perceived to be racist. Bainimarama warned Qarase publicly that doing so would result in a new coup: "If you do it, I'll remove you." [21] In March 2010, however, Bainimarama stated that "any politician who has played a role in the country's politics, since 1987" would be prevented from standing for election. The rationale was that "Fiji needs new politicians". [22]

The Charter would serve as a guideline in this respect. Attorney-General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum stated that "the People's Charter sets a trend or course for which the people of Fiji should actually assess political parties on and political parties that are essentially try [sic] to contest elections purely based on ethnic politics would not be entertained by the people of Fiji". [23]

Despite his earlier commitment not to run, Bainimarama founded and led the Fiji First party into the election. Mahendra Chaudhry was ruled to be ineligible to stand for election. [24]

A media blackout on campaign activities ran from Monday to Wednesday, the election day. The ban included newspapers, radio, television, campaign poster and social media posts by any Fijian. [25]

Date

In April 2009 the Fijian government announced that elections would take place "by September 2014". Bainimarama reiterated this in July, specifying that the elections would be held under the provisions of a new Constitution, which would eliminate institutionalised ethnic-based voting. The new Constitution might also amend the number of seats in Parliament, and possibly abolish the Senate. [1]

In February 2010 a petition, reportedly supported by 600,000 signatories, requested elections by the end of the year. Commodore Bainimarama responded that an early election would not be "practical and realistic": "The implementation of the fundamental changes and reforms captured in the People's Charter and which are now being implemented under the framework of the Roadmap – this is the only plan – or priority for Fiji. It is a plan that is objective of a better Fiji – where all benefit and not just the elite few – as has been the case previously." He dismissed what he called "irresponsible demands and proposals of selfish individuals and groups that run counter to the Charter and the road-map". [26]

In March 2011 the New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully announced that New Zealand would lift its travel ban on members of the Fiji administration if the government committed to holding elections in 2014, and allowing "all stakeholders [...] to participate and not only those favoured by the regime". (Until then, New Zealand had insisted on earlier elections. [27] [28] ) Fiji Foreign Affairs Minister Ratu Inoke Kubuabola replied that the Fiji government was "committed to ensuring that a good and fair election is conducted" in 2014. [29]

On 30 June 2012 voter registration for the 2014 elections began in Suva. [30] A few days later a Western diplomat confirmed that Fiji was on-schedule for elections in 2014: "It seems fairly clear now that there will be elections of some description in Fiji in 2014. The real question is the extent to which those elections meet minimal international standards for being free and fair. Crucial to answering that question is seeing whether everyone is allowed to compete, and the media and civil society are able to operate in a minimally unimpeded manner." [31]

Finally, on 23 March 2014, the Fiji government announced that the elections would take place on 17 September of that year, a day to be declared a national holiday.

Electoral system

The elections were held using the open list form of party-list proportional representation using the D'Hondt method in one nationwide constituency consisting of 50 seats. [32] There is a threshold of 5% of the vote for a list to gain representation.

Pre-polling for the elections began two weeks prior to the main election date to cater for those unable to travel long distances to cast their vote. It ended on 15 September. A 48-hour blackout period began soon after, during which no media, including print or social, is allowed to print or post any election material which insinuates campaigning. [33]

Almost 590,000 citizens registered to vote in the elections. [34] 57,084 voters were registered to vote in Lautoka at 141 polling stations. [35]

Campaign

Seven parties registered to contest the elections, with a total of 248 candidates nominated, of which two were independents. [36]

Results

PartyVotes%Seats
FijiFirst 293,54459.1732
Social Democratic Liberal Party 139,80928.1815
National Federation Party 27,0655.463
People's Democratic Party 15,8633.200
Fiji Labour Party 11,6692.350
One Fiji Party 5,8391.180
Fiji United Freedom Party 1,0720.220
Independents1,2810.260
Invalid/blank votes3,936––
Total500,07810050
Registered voters/turnout591,10184.60–
Source: Elections Fiji

Elected MPs

FijiFirst SODELPA NFP
Josaia Voreqe (Frank) Bainimarama
Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum
Parveen Kumar Bala
Inoke Kubuabola
Mahendra Reddy
Ruveni Nadabe Nadalo
Pio Tikoduadua
Joeli Ratulevu Cawaki
Osea Naiqamu
Sanjit Patel
Brij Lal
Timoci Lesi Natuva
Viam Pillay
Jiko Luveni
Inia Batikoto Seruiratu
Lorna Eden
Balmindar Singh
Vijay Nath
Semi Tuleca Koroilavesau
Jioje Konrote
Samuela Vunivalu
Neil Sharma
Netani Rika
Alivereti Nabulivou
Mereseini Vuniwaqa
Alvik Maharaj
Rosy Akbar
Jone Usamate
Iliesa Delana
Ashneel Sudhakar
Faiyaz Siddiq Koya
Veena Kumar Bhatnagar
Laisenia Bale Tuitubou [a] 		Teimumu Kepa
Niko Nawaikula
Naiqama Lalabalavu
Mosese Bulitavu
Viliame Tagivetaua
Anare Vadei
Viliame Gavoka
Semesa Karavaki
Suliano Matanitobua
Sela Vuinakasa Nonovo
Kiniviliame Kiliraki
Isoa Tikoca
Salote Radrodro
Aseri Radrodro
Jiosefa Dulakiverata 		Biman Prasad
Tupou Draunidalo
Prem Singh

a Laisenia Bale Tuitubou replaced Jiko Luveni after she became Speaker of Parliament.

Aftermath

The election was endorsed as "credible" by international observers. Some shortcomings were however noted, such as a restrictive media framework which limited Fijan journalists' ability to "examine rigorously the claims of candidates and parties", a short timeframe for the election and a complex voting system. [37] Leaders of several of the opposition parties protested the result, claiming ballot tampering. [38]

Related Research Articles

Politics of Fiji

Politics of Fiji take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. Fiji has a multiparty system with the Prime Minister of Fiji as head of government. The executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Fiji. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

Mahendra Chaudhry Fijian politician

The Rt. Hon. Mahendra Chaudhry is an Indo-Fijian and the leader of the Fiji Labour Party. Following a historic election in which he defeated the long-time former leader, Sitiveni Rabuka, the former trade union leader became Fiji's first Indo-Fijian Prime Minister on 19 May 1999, but exactly one year later, on 19 May 2000 he and most of his Cabinet were taken hostage by coup leader George Speight, in the Fiji coup of 2000. Unable to exercise his duties, he and his ministers were sacked by President Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara on 27 May; Mara intended to assume emergency powers himself but was himself deposed by the military leader, Commodore Frank Bainimarama. After 56 days in captivity, Chaudhry was released on 13 July and subsequently embarked on a tour of the world to rally support. He was one of the leading voices raised in opposition to the Qarase government's proposed Reconciliation and Unity Commission, which he said was just a mechanism to grant amnesty to persons guilty of coup-related offences. In January 2007 he was appointed as Minister of Finance, Sugar Reform Public Enterprise and National Planning in the interim Cabinet of Commodore Frank Bainimarama, following another coup. Chaudhry was also co-chair of the task force focusing on economic growth within the National Council for Building a Better Fiji. In 2008, he left the government and became an outspoken critic of it.

Laisenia Qarase Prime Minister of Fiji

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Fiji Labour Party political party

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Great Council of Chiefs

The Great Council of Chiefs(Bose Levu Vakaturaga in Fijian, ग्रेट काउंसिल ऑफ चीफ्स in Fiji Hindi) was a constitutional body in the Republic of the Fiji Islands from 1876 to March 2012. In April 2007 the council was suspended, due to an unworkable relationship with Frank Bainimarama, leader of an "interim government" which came to power through military coup in December 2006. It was formally disestablished by decree in March 2012.

The 1997 Constitution of Fiji was the supreme law of Fiji from its adoption in 1997 until 2009 when President Josefa Iloilo purported to abrogate it. It was also suspended for a period following the 2000 coup d'état led by George Speight.

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Teimumu Kepa Fijian politician

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Fiji–New Zealand relations Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Fiji and New Zealand

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The Fijian constitutional crisis of 2009 began on Friday, 10 April 2009. Fijian President Ratu Josefa Iloilo announced on a nationwide radio broadcast that he was abrogating the Constitution of Fiji. He dismissed all judges and constitutional appointees and assumed all governance in the country after the Court of Appeal ruled that the government of Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama was illegal. Iloilo reinstalled Bainimarama as PM and his Cabinet members to their positions. He also instituted emergency rule which increased police powers and allowed media censorship.

Josefa Iloilo President of Fiji

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References

  1. 1 2 "PM Bainimarama – A Strategic Framework for Change" Archived 21 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine ., Fiji government website, 1 July 2009
  2. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26781618
  3. ↑ english@peopledaily.com.cn (9 April 2008). "Fiji to hold elections next March – People's Daily Online". English.people.com.cn. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "Voter guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  5. ↑ "Business & Financial News, Breaking US & International News | Reuters.com". Today.reuters.com. 9 February 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2011.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. ↑ http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/latest/200612281856/coup_leader_sets_date_for_fiji_interim_government . Retrieved 28 December 2006.Missing or empty |title= (help)[ dead link ]
  7. ↑ "Gateway to Fiji, Fiji News, Fiji eDirectory, Fiji Magic, Fiji Real Estate, Fiji Classifieds, Fiji Dating, Fiji Rugby, Fiji Football, Fiji Jobs, Fijian News, Fijian Music, Fiji Houses for Sale, Fiji Holidays, Fiji Sports, Fiji Picture Gallery, Fiji Business, etc". Fijilive. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  8. ↑ http://www.fijivillage.com/artman/publish/article_35522.shtml . Retrieved 31 January 2007.Missing or empty |title= (help)[ dead link ]
  9. ↑ "Gateway to Fiji, Fiji News, Fiji eDirectory, Fiji Magic, Fiji Real Estate, Fiji Classifieds, Fiji Dating, Fiji Rugby, Fiji Football, Fiji Jobs, Fijian News, Fijian Music, Fiji Houses for Sale, Fiji Holidays, Fiji Sports, Fiji Picture Gallery, Fiji Business, etc". Fijilive. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  10. ↑ "Fiji's ruler says elections will be held in 2010". Thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070225090614/http://www.fijivillage.com/artman/publish/article_36157.shtml. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2016.Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ "Asia-Pacific | Emergency rule declared in Fiji". BBC News. 7 September 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  13. ↑ english@peopledaily.com.cn. "EU concerned with slow political progress in Fiji – People's Daily Online". English.people.com.cn. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  14. ↑ Johnson, Ed (19 June 2007). "Fiji Cabinet Says It Agrees in Principle to 2009 Poll (Update2)". Bloomberg. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  15. ↑ [ dead link ]
  16. ↑ "Fiji’s PM opts out of Politics", Radio Fiji, 23 October 2007
  17. ↑ Field, Michael (27 March 2008). "Elections no magic solution – Bainimarama". Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  18. ↑ "Stop pressuring Fiji for early elections-Chaudhry", FijiVillage, 7 April 2008
  19. ↑ "Agree With Charter Or No Elections", FijiVillage, 22 May 2008
  20. ↑ "Fiji's ousted vice president says interim regime has limited support among Fijians". Radio New Zealand International . 10 June 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  21. ↑ "On my terms: Bainimarama points way ahead", Fiji Times, 1 June 2008
  22. ↑ "Fiji regime to ban established politicians from 2014 election", Australian Broadcasting Corporation
  23. ↑ "Confusion over eligibility of 2009 Fiji election", Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, 23 October 2007
  24. ↑ Fiji labour leader Mahendra Chaudhry ruled out of elections, abc.net.au, 19 Aug 2014
  25. ↑ Fiji election: Media blackout comes into effect as polling day nears, Liam Fox, abc.net.au, 15 September 2014
  26. ↑ "Elections in Fiji not possible before 2014", Radio Fiji, 26 February 2010
  27. ↑ Trevett, Claire (29 March 2011). "Travel bans go if Fiji commits to 2014 election, says McCully". The New Zealand Herald . Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  28. ↑ "Free 2014 Fiji elections needed to end NZ travel sanctions". Radio New Zealand International . 29 March 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  29. ↑ "Fiji's Elections is set for 2014" Archived 17 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine ., Fiji government, 29 March 2011
  30. ↑ "Voter registration process begins in Fiji". New Zealand Herald . 4 July 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  31. ↑ "Western Diplomat on Diplomatic Normalization (Fiji)". 9 July 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  32. ↑ Fijan elections office. "Electoral decree 2014" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  33. ↑ Chand, Shalveen. "Pre-poll deadline". Fiji Times. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  34. ↑ Firth, Stewart. "Countdown begins to Fiji voting". Faitfax Media. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  35. ↑ NASIKO, REPEKA. "57,084 expected to vote at 141 polling centres in Lautoka". Fiji Times. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  36. ↑ Observors describe elections as free, fair and transparent Fiji One, 18 September 2014
  37. ↑ Perry, Nick; Pita, Ligaiula (18 September 2014). "Int'l monitors endorse Fiji election as credible". AP. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  38. ↑ Perry, Nick; Pita, Ligaiula (22 September 2014). "Fiji's military ruler sworn in as elected leader". AP. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
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