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The curio maximus was an obscure priesthood in ancient Rome that had oversight of the curiae, groups of citizens loosely affiliated within what was originally a tribe. Each curia was led by a curio, who was admitted only after the age of 50 and held his office for life. The curiones were required to be in good health and without physical defect, and could not hold any other civil or military office; the pool of willing candidates was thus neither large nor eager. In the early Republic, the curio maximus was always a patrician, and officiated as the senior interrex. The earliest curio maximus identified as such is Servius Sulpicius, who held the office in 463. The first plebeian to hold the office was elected in 209 BC.
In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Quirinalis was the flamen or high priest of the god Quirinus. He was one of the three flamines maiores, third in order of importance after the Flamen Dialis and the Flamen Martialis. Like the other two high priests, he was subject to numerous ritual taboos, such as not being allowed to touch metal, ride a horse, or spend the night outside Rome. His wife functioned as an assistant priestess with the title Flaminicia Quirinalis.
In ancient Roman religion, the Fordicidia was a festival of fertility, held on the Ides of April, that pertained to farming and animal husbandry. It involved the sacrifice of a pregnant cow to Tellus, the ancient Roman goddess of the Earth, in proximity to the festival of Ceres (Cerealia) on April 19.
References
- ↑ Varro, On the Latin Language, 6.13
- ↑ Fastorum libri sex. Cambridge University Press. 5 March 2015. p. 430. ISBN 978-1-108-08247-1.
- ↑ Paris, John Ayrton (2013). Philosophy in Sport Made Science in Earnest: Being an Attempt to Illustrate the First Principles of Natural Philosophy by the Aid of the Popular Toys and Sports. Cambridge University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-108-05740-0.
- ↑ Ovid, Fasti , 2.525-6
- ↑ Note on p. 186 of the Loeb edition of Varro's , On the Latin Language, Vol 1
- ↑ Roy, Christian (2005). Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-57607-089-5.
- ↑ Smith, C. J. (2006). The Roman Clan: The Gens from Ancient Ideology to Modern Anthropology. Cambridge University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-139-45087-4.
- ↑ Mayeske, Betty (1972). Bakeries, Bakers, And Bread At Pompeii: A Study in Social and Economic History (Thesis). OCLC 1067729413.
- ↑ Rousseau, G. S. (1979). "Ephebi, Epigoni, and Fornacalia: Some Meditations on the Contemporary Historiography of the Eighteenth Century". The Eighteenth Century. 20 (3): 203–226. JSTOR 41467196. PMID 11614432. ProQuest 1306612456.
- ↑ Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther, eds. (2012). "Fornacalia". The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Oxford. p. 585. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8.
- ↑ Ovid, Fasti , 2.527-30
- ↑ DiLuzio, Meghan J. (2020). A Place at the Altar: Priestesses in Republican Rome. Princeton University Press. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-0-691-20232-7.
- ↑ Smith, Christopher J. (2012). "Fornacalia". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah17168. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.
- ↑ Phillips, C. Robert (2015). "Fornacalia". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2705. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
- ↑ Ovid, Fasti , 2.531-2
- ↑ Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome, p. 115
- ↑ Cornell, Tim (2012). The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c.1000–264 BC). Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-136-75495-1.
- ↑ Smith, W., Wayte, W., Marindin, G. E., (Eds), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890): Fornacalia