GCM1

GCM1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1ODH
Identifiers
Aliases	GCM1 , GCMA, hGCMa, glial cells missing homolog 1, glial cells missing transcription factor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 603715; MGI: 108045; HomoloGene: 2702; GeneCards: GCM1; OMA:GCM1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	53,148,841 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	77,972,906 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	placenta; ; decidua; ; testicle; ; sperm; ; blood; ; kidney tubule; ; human kidney; ; islet of Langerhans; ; white blood cell; ; metanephros;
	Top expressed in
	syncytiotrophoblast; ; embryo; ; proximal tubule; ; right kidney; ; yolk sac; ; trophoblast giant cell; ; lumbar spinal ganglion; ; human kidney; ; metanephros;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding ; DNA-binding transcription factor activity ; zinc ion binding ; DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ; transcription factor binding ; histone deacetylase binding ; metal ion binding ; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding ; protein binding ; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ;
Cellular component	transcription regulator complex ; nucleus ;
Biological process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ; anatomical structure morphogenesis ; positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion ; transcription by RNA polymerase II ; transcription, DNA-templated ; multicellular organism development ; branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis ; astrocyte fate commitment ; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ; gliogenesis ; regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development ; cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8521
	14531
	ENSG00000137270
	ENSMUSG00000023333
	Q9NP62
	P70348
	NM_003643
	NM_008103
	NP_003634
	NP_032129
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated January 22, 2025

Chorion-specific transcription factor GCMa is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the GCM1 gene.^[5]^[6]

This gene encodes a DNA-binding protein with a gcm-motif (glial cell missing motif). The encoded protein is a homolog of the Drosophila glial cells missing gene (gcm). This protein binds to the GCM-motif (A/G)CCCGCAT, a novel sequence among known targets of DNA-binding proteins. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain confers the unique DNA-binding activity of this protein.^[6]

In cancer patients, GCM1 expression has been linked to both higher and lower survival rates, depending on cancer type.^[7]

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In molecular biology, the GCM transcription factors are a family of proteins which contain a GCM motif. The GCM motif is a domain that has been identified in proteins belonging to a family of transcriptional regulators involved in fundamental developmental processes which comprise Drosophila melanogaster GCM and its mammalian homologues. In GCM transcription factors the N-terminal moiety contains a DNA-binding domain of 150 amino acids. Sequence conservation is highest in this GCM domain. In contrast, the C-terminal moiety contains one or two transactivating regions and is only poorly conserved.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137270 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023333 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Akiyama Y, Hosoya T, Poole AM, Hotta Y (Jan 1997). "The gcm-motif: a novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93 (25): 14912–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14912 . PMC 26236 . PMID 8962155.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: GCM1 glial cells missing homolog 1 (Drosophila)".
↑ "Research update from the MCM team (January 2025)". World Community Grid. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.

Yamada K, Ogawa H, Honda S, et al. (1999). "A GCM motif protein is involved in placenta-specific expression of human aromatase gene". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (45): 32279–86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32279 . PMID 10542267.
Nait-Oumesmar B, Copperman AB, Lazzarini RA (2000). "Placental expression and chromosomal localization of the human Gcm 1 gene". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48 (7): 915–22. doi: 10.1177/002215540004800704 . PMID 10858268.
Yamada K, Ogawa H, Tamiya G, et al. (2001). "Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and the complete 22 kb DNA sequence of the human GCMa/GCM1, a placenta-specific transcription factor gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 278 (1): 134–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3775. PMID 11071865.
Yu C, Shen K, Lin M, et al. (2003). "GCMa regulates the syncytin-mediated trophoblastic fusion". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 50062–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M209316200 . PMID 12397062.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..805M. doi: 10.1038/nature02055 . PMID 14574404.
Chen CP, Chen CY, Yang YC, et al. (2005). "Decreased placental GCM1 (glial cells missing) gene expression in pre-eclampsia". Placenta. 25 (5): 413–21. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.014. PMID 15081636.
Baczyk D, Satkunaratnam A, Nait-Oumesmar B, et al. (2004). "Complex patterns of GCM1 mRNA and protein in villous and extravillous trophoblast cells of the human placenta". Placenta. 25 (6): 553–9. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.12.004. PMID 15135239.
Schubert SW, Kardash E, Khan MA, et al. (2005). "Interaction, cooperative promoter modulation, and renal colocalization of GCMa and Pitx2". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (48): 50358–65. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M404587200 . PMID 15385555.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Yang CS, Yu C, Chuang HC, et al. (2005). "FBW2 targets GCMa to the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (11): 10083–90. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M413986200 . PMID 15640526.
Knerr I, Schubert SW, Wich C, et al. (2005). "Stimulation of GCMa and syncytin via cAMP mediated PKA signaling in human trophoblastic cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions". FEBS Lett. 579 (18): 3991–8. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.029. PMID 16004993. S2CID 46648257.
Chang CW, Chuang HC, Yu C, et al. (2005). "Stimulation of GCMa transcriptional activity by cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling is attributed to CBP-mediated acetylation of GCMa". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (19): 8401–14. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.19.8401-8414.2005. PMC 1265739 . PMID 16166624.
Chuang HC, Chang CW, Chang GD, et al. (2006). "Histone deacetylase 3 binds to and regulates the GCMa transcription factor". Nucleic Acids Res. 34 (5): 1459–69. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl048. PMC 1401512 . PMID 16528103.
Fujito N, Samura O, Miharu N, et al. (2007). "Increased plasma mRNAs of placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) and glial cells-missing 1 (GCM1) in mothers with pre-eclampsia". Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 55 (1): 9–15. PMID 16594548.
Chou CC, Chang C, Liu JH, et al. (2007). "Small ubiquitin-like modifier modification regulates the DNA binding activity of glial cell missing Drosophila homolog a." J. Biol. Chem. 282 (37): 27239–49. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M700351200 . PMID 17646165.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137270 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023333 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8962155-5] Akiyama Y, Hosoya T, Poole AM, Hotta Y (Jan 1997). "The gcm-motif: a novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93 (25): 14912–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14912 . PMC 26236 . PMID 8962155.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: GCM1 glial cells missing homolog 1 (Drosophila)".

[7] "Research update from the MCM team (January 2025)". World Community Grid. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.

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GCM1

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading