Gary Schwartz | |
---|---|
Born | |
Occupation | Art historian |
Spouse | Loekie Hendriks (m. 1968) |
Children | 2 (Ditke and Baruch) |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | New York University Johns Hopkins University (did not graduate) |
Doctoral advisor | Adolf Katzenellenbogen |
Influences | Egbert Haverkamp-Begemann H. W. Janson Jan Gerrit van Gelder Horst Gerson |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Art history |
Sub-discipline | Dutch Golden Age |
Website | http://www.garyschwartzarthistorian.nl/ |
Gary Schwartz (born June 12,1940 in Brooklyn) is an American-born Dutch art historian,who is a scholar of Rembrandt and art of the Dutch Golden Age. [1]
A native of East New York,Brooklyn,Schwartz was born to Hungarian mother and a Polish American father,who worked in textile manufacturing. [2] He then moved with his family to Far Rockaway,Queens,at the age of twelve. [3] In 1961,Schwartz received a Bachelor of Arts in Art History from New York University,where he was inspired to study the topic after taking an introductory course by the noted art historian H. W. Janson. [4] Schwartz then continued to Johns Hopkins University,where he completed coursework towards a Doctor of Philosophy in Art History,focusing on medieval art. In 1965,Schwartz moved to the Netherlands to research Dutch Golden Age painting,never to return to the United States and abandoned completing his doctoral degree.
In 1966,Schwartz took up various jobs,including as a translator of Dutch and German texts,an assistant to Jan Gerrit van Gelder at Utrecht University,and editor of the journal Simiolus . Two years later,Schwartz also worked under Horst Gerson editing publications,and married Loekie Hendriks. In 1971,Schwartz established his own publishing firm called "Uitgeverij Gary Schwartz" in Maarssen,in order to print books that were considered important to the field of art from the Dutch Golden Age. Six years later,Schwartz published his first book,which was on the artist Rembrandt,titled Rembrandt:All the Etchings Reproduced in True Size.
Schwartz continued research on Rembrandt,publishing several more books over the years and establishing himself as an expert on the artist. From 1986 to 1987,Schwartz conducted research at the Getty Center,and a year later,sold his publishing firm. However,he continued to work for the company until 1991.
In 1998,Schwartz founded CODART,a digital network for curators of art from the Low Countries. [5] He served as its director until 2005,but continued to work for the network until 2008.
In 2009,Schwartz received the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds Prize for the Humanities,a lifetime achievement award.
Gerbrand van den Eeckhout was a Dutch Golden Age painter and a favourite student of Rembrandt. He was also an etcher, an amateur poet, a collector and an adviser on art.
Saskia van Uylenburgh was the wife of painter Rembrandt van Rijn. In the course of her life, she was his model for some of his paintings, drawings and etchings. She was the daughter of Rombertus Uylenburg, the mayor as well as the justice of the Court of Friesland.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history. It is estimated Rembrandt produced a total of about three hundred paintings, three hundred etchings and two thousand drawings.
Frederik Johannes "Frits" Lugt, was a self-taught collector and connoisseur of Dutch drawings and prints and a selfless and tireless compiler of essential reference tools documenting Northern European prints and drawings, collectors' stamps and sale catalogues. An authority on Rembrandt's drawings, he collected all of the known etchings made by Rembrandt during his career.
Jan Six was an important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age.
Joan or Johan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen, knighted lord of Maarsseveen, was an important merchant, financial expert, property developer active in Amsterdam and a director of the Dutch East India Company during the Dutch Golden Age. The republican minded Huydecoper was an influential member of the Dutch States Party, diplomat and six times mayor of Amsterdam. He was together with Cornelis de Graeff one of the initiators of the construction of the new town hall of Amsterdam and was a prominent patron of the arts and art collector. Beside Maarsseveen he held the feudal titles of Neerdijk, Thamen and Blockland. Huydecoper is representative of the love of art, political influence and welfare in the Golden Age.
Cornelis van der Voort or van der Voorde was a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter from the early 17th century.
The Rembrandt Research Project (RRP) was an initiative of the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), which is the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Its purpose was to organize and categorize research on Rembrandt van Rijn, with the aim of discovering new facts about this Dutch Golden Age painter and his studio. The project started in 1968 and was sponsored by NWO until 1998. Research continued until 2014. It was the authority on Rembrandt and had the final say in whether a painting is genuine. The documentation generated by the project was transferred to the Netherlands Institute for Art History and renamed the Rembrandt Database.
The Return of the Prodigal Son is an oil painting by Rembrandt, part of the collection of the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. It is among the Dutch master's final works, likely completed within two years of his death in 1669. Depicting the moment of the prodigal son's return to his father in the Biblical parable, it is a renowned work described by art historian Kenneth Clark as "a picture which those who have seen the original in St. Petersburg may be forgiven for claiming as the greatest picture ever painted".
Joseph and Potiphar's Wife is a 1634 etching by Rembrandt. It depicts a story from the Bible, wherein Potiphar's Wife attempts to seduce Joseph. It is signed and dated "Rembrandt f. 1634", and exists in two states.
The dozens of self-portraits by Rembrandt were an important part of his oeuvre. Rembrandt created approaching one hundred self-portraits including over forty paintings, thirty-one etchings and about seven drawings; some remain uncertain as to the identity of either the subject or the artist, or the definition of a portrait.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The work is oil on a single oak panel and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's Metamorphoses, part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away in rough waters by a bull while her friends remain on shore with expressions of horror. Rembrandt combined his knowledge of classical literature with the interests of the patron in order to create this allegorical work. The use of an ancient myth to impart a contemporary thought and his portrayal of the scene using the High Baroque style are two strong aspects of the work.
Bob Haak was a Dutch art expert known mostly as one of the founders of the Rembrandt Research Project.
Pieter J.J. van Thiel (1928–2012) was a Dutch art historian known mostly as one of the founders of the Rembrandt Research Project.
Egbert Haverkamp-BegemannOON was a Dutch American art historian and professor.
Samson Threatening His Father-In-Law is a 1635 oil-on-canvas painting by Rembrandt, now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. It depicts the Biblical story of Samson, who has returned home after an absence to find that his father-in-law has given away Samson's Philistine wife to another man. Samson's reaction was to set fire to the crops in the Philistines' fields.
In printmaking, surface tone, or surface-tone, is produced by deliberately or accidentally not wiping all the ink off the surface of the printing plate, so that parts of the image have a light tone from the film of ink left. Tone in printmaking meaning areas of continuous colour, as opposed to the linear marks made by an engraved or drawn line. The technique can be used with all the intaglio printmaking techniques, of which the most important are engraving, etching, drypoint, mezzotint and aquatint. It requires individual attention on the press before each impression is printed, and is mostly used by artists who print their own plates, such as Rembrandt, "the first master of this art", who made great use of it.