Gemini Ganesan filmography

Last updated

Gemini Ganesan Gemini Ganesan 300.jpg
Gemini Ganesan

This article contains the entire filmography of Gemini Ganesan.

Contents

Films

YearTitleRole(s)Language(s)NotesRef(s)
1947 Miss Malini Assistant director Tamil Billed as "R.G." [1]
1948 Chakra Dhari Panduranga TamilCredited as Ganesh [2]
1952 Thai Ullam SekarTamilCredited as R. Ganesh [3]
Moondru Pillaigal SekharTamilCredited as Ganesh [4]
1953 Avvaiyyar DeiveeganTamilCredited as Ganesan [5]
Ashadeepam Shekhar Malayalam Simultaneously made in Tamil as Aasai Magan [6]
Aasai Magan ShekharTamilCredited as R. Ganesh
Manam Pola Mangalyam TamilCredited as R. Ganesh [7]
1954 Penn RajaTamil
1955 Missiamma BaluTamilCredited as R. Ganesh
Valliyin Selvan MurthyTamilCredited as R. Ganesan
Kanavane Kankanda Deivam VijayanTamilCredited as R. Ganesh
Needhipathi Tamil
Maaman Magal ChandranTamil
Maheswari ManickamTamil [8]
Guna Sundari PrinceTamil
1956 Devta Vijay Hindi Credited as Ganesh
Pennin Perumai RaghuTamil [9]
Aasai SekarTamil
Prema Pasam RamuTamil
Sadhaaram Tamil
Kaalam Maari Pochu Tamil
Marma Veeran TamilGuest appearance
Mathar Kula Manikkam Chandra ShekarTamil
1957 Miss Mary ArunHindiCredited as Ganesh
Mayabazar Abhimanyu Tamil [10]
Iru Sagodharigal SundarTamil
Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam JayanthanTamil
Karpukkarasi PrathabanTamil
Mallika MohanTamil [11]
Yaar Paiyyan SundararajanTamil
Soubhagyavathi KalantharanTamil
Pathini Deivam RajendranTamil
1958 Bhooloka Rambai BhuvanendranTamil
School Master Kannada Guest appearance
Manamalai Tamil
Kudumba Gouravam GopalTamil
Pathi Bakthi MoorthiTamil
Vanji Kottai Valipan SunderalingamTamil
Thirumanam NatarajTamil [12]
Illarame Nallaram Tamil
Raj Tilak ChanderHindi
Kadan Vaangi Kalyaanam RajaTamil
Athisaya Thirudan Athisaya ThirudanTamil
1959 Ponnu Vilayum Bhoomi NallanTamil
Kalyana Parisu BaskarTamil [13]
Nalla Theerpu Tamil
Veerapandiya Kattabomman VellaiyathevanTamil
Bhagya Devathai Tamil
Penn Kulathin Pon Vilakku KothandamTamil
Vaazha Vaitha Deivam Tamil
1960 Parthiban Kanavu VikramanTamil [14]
Ellarum Innattu Mannar Tamil
Meenda Sorgam SekarTamil
Kalathur Kannamma RajalingamTamil [15]
Kairasi MohanTamil
Pudhiya Pathai Tamil
Veerakkanal ParandhamanTamil
1961 Paava Mannippu RajanTamil [16]
Nazrana ShyamHindi [17]
Pasamalar AnandTamil [18]
Thennilavu RajTamil
Bhagyalakshmi Tamil
Kappalottiya Thamizhan MadasamyTamil [19]
Pangaaligal Tamil
Panithirai MohanTamil
1962 Konjum Salangai AmanendranTamil [20]
Paarthal Pasi Theerum VeluTamil
Manithan Maravillai PanjacharamTamil
Aadi Perukku RajaTamil [21]
Mangaiyar Ullam Mangatha Selvam Tamil
Kathiruntha Kangal KrishnanTamil
Paadha Kaanikkai SekarTamil
Bandha Pasam SaravananTamil
Sumaithaangi BabuTamil
1963 Lava Kusa Lakshmana Tamil [22]
[23]
Idhayathil Nee Advocate AnandhanTamil
Karpagam SundaramTamil
Ezhai Pangalan RajaTamil
1964 Pasamum Nesamum Tamil
Vazhkai Vazhvatharke KandanTamil
Oral Koodi Kallanayi Malayalam
Veeranganai Tamil
Aayiram Roobai Tamil
1965 Poojaikku Vandha Malar SureshTamil
Vaazhkai Padagu RajanTamil [24]
Hello Mister Zamindar SekarTamil
Vallavanukku Vallavan PrakashTamil
Veera Abhimanyu Krishna Tamil [25]
1966 Chitthi MuthaiyyaTamil
Muharasi SomuTamil
Annavin Aasai RamanathanTamil
Ramu RajaTamil
Chinnanchiru Ulagam Tamil
Saraswathi Sabatham VeeramallanTamil
Thenmazhai BaskarTamil
1967 Pattathu Rani Tamil
Kandhan Karunai ShivaTamil
Seetha Tamil100th Film
Thiruvarutchelvar ShivaTamil
Pandhayam Tamil
Penn Endral Penn Tamil
1968 Panama Pasama ShankarTamil
Thamarai Nenjam MuraliTamil
Balram Shri Krishna Hindi
Chakkaram Tamil
Siritha Mugam Tamil
1969 Kuzhandhai Ullam Tamil
Porchilai Tamil
Aindhu Laksham Radha KrishnanTamil
Poova Thalaiya GanesanTamil
Manaivi Tamil
Shanti Nilayam BhaskarTamil
Kulavilakku Tamil
Thanga Malar Tamil
Iru Kodugal GopinathTamil
Avare En Deivam TamilCredited as Gemini Ganesh
Kumara Sambhavam ParamashivanMalayalam
1970 Sangamam Tamil
Ethirkalam RamuTamil
Thabalkaran Thangai PostmanTamil
Vairakiyam Tamil
Patham Pasali Tamil
Snegithi Tamil
Kann Malar Tamil
Kaviya Thalaivi SureshTamil
Malathi BaluTamil
1971 Nootrukku Nooru College principalTamilGuest appearance
Thirumagal KandasamyTamil
Avalukendru Or Manam KannanTamil
Veguli Penn RamuTamil
Therottam Tamil
Aana Valarthiya Vanampadiyude Makan Malayalam
Sudarum Sooravaliyum Tamil
Annai Velankanni Susai NathanTamil
Anbukkor Annan Tamil
Aathi Parasakthi Shiva Tamil
Punnagai SathyaTamil [26]
Ranga Rattinam Tamil
1972 Kanna Nalama AnandTamil
Enna Muthalali Sowkiyama Tamil
Professor MangalasseryMalayalam
Appa Tata Tamil
Kurathi Magan Malai KottaiTamil
Shakthi Leelai Lord ShivaTamil
Ellai Kodu Tamil
Velli Vizha BalaTamil
Sree Guruvayoorappan Malayalam
Deivam AarumugamTamil
1973 Ganga Gowri Shiva Tamil
Nalla Mudivu Tamil
Thirumalai Deivam AagasarajanTamil
Malai Naattu Mangai Tamil
Kattila Thottila Advocate SundaramTamil
School Master Tamil
Jesus Snapaka Yohannan (John the Baptist)Malayalam [27]
1974 Maanikka Thottil Tamil
Appa Amma Tamil
Naan Avanillai Various [lower-alpha 1] TamilAlso producer
Devi Kanyakumari VasudevanMalayalam
Devi Sri Karumari Amman Tamil
1975 Uravukku Kai Koduppom Tamil
Swami Ayyappan Pandalam RajaMalayalamSimultaneously made in Tamil
1976 Unakkaga Naan Tamil
Dasavatharam Arjuna Tamil
Idhaya Malar KrishnanTamilAlso director
Jai Jagat Janani ShivaHindi
Lalitha ShankarTamil
1977 Sreemurukan Lord ShivaMalayalam
Naam Pirandha Mann JosephTamil
1978 Sandharbha Kannada
Sri Kanchi Kamakshi Tamil
Bhrashtu Malayalam
1979 Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum Mir QasimMalayalamSimultaneously made in Tamil as Allauddinun Arputha Vilakkum [28]
Gnana Kuzhandhai Shiva Tamil
1980 Esthappan Malayalam
1983 Nenjodu Nenjam Tamil
Oppantham Tamil
Soorakottai Singakutti Tamil
1988 Rudraveena Ganapati Sastry Telugu [29]
Unnal Mudiyum Thambi Marthandam PillaiTamil [30]
1989 Ponmana Selvan Arunachalam (Ambalathar)Tamil
1996 Avvai Shanmugi Viswanatha IyerTamil [31]
Mettukudi Indhu's grandfatherTamil
1997 Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga Kausalya's grandfatherTamil
1998 Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar Prabhu's grandfatherTamil
Kondattam Anand's grandfatherTamil
1999 Thodarum Seetha's grandfatherTamil
2002 Gemini HimselfTamilGuest appearance [32]
2004 Adi Thadi HimselfTamilGuest appearance [33]

Television

YearSerialRole
1991 Penn
2000–2001 Krishnadasi Rudhramurthi Sastri

Notes

  1. ↑ Gemini Ganesan played a single character with different names including David, 'Nanjil' Nambi, 'Kancheepuram' Aachari, Akbar Ali, Lakshmanan Sharma, Sahadeva Shastri, Hariharadas Swamigal, Jack Solomon, and Shathurukanan Menon.

Related Research Articles

<i>Veerapandiya Kattabomman</i> (film) 1959 film by B. R. Panthulu

Veerapandiya Kattabomman is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language historical war film produced and directed by B. R. Panthulu. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, Padmini, S. Varalakshmi, and Ragini, with V. K. Ramasamy and Javar Seetharaman in supporting roles. Its soundtrack and score were composed by G. Ramanathan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalpana (Kannada actress)</span> Indian actress

Kalpana, born Sharat Lata, was an Indian actress who appeared in Kannada films. She was affectionately referred to as Minugu Taare among the film fraternity. She was widely recognised as one of the greatest actresses of Kannada cinema who enjoyed both fan following and critical acclaim. She made her screen debut as a lead actress in the 1963 release Saaku Magalu directed by veteran B. R. Panthulu. During a career that spanned from the early 1960s to the late 1970s, Kalpana appeared in numerous commercially successful as well as critically appreciated films, many of which featured her alongside actor Rajkumar. She worked in a few Tamil, Tulu and Malayalam films as well. Many of her successful films were female-centric, giving ample scope for her performance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sivaji Ganesan filmography</span>

The filmography of Sivaji Ganesan (1928–2001) comprises of predominately Tamil-language films apart from some Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi films. He is the only actor to have played the lead role in over 250 films in Tamil cinema.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M. G. Ramachandran filmography</span>

M. G. Ramachandran, popularly known by his initials "MGR", was an Indian actor, film director and film producer who had an extensive career primarily in Tamil language films. After starring in numerous commercially successful films from the 1950s to the early 1970s, he has continued to hold a matinée idol status in Tamil Nadu. Ramachandran made his debut in Ellis R. Dungan's 1936 film Sathi Leelavathi, where he played a police inspector. He followed it with a string of minor appearances and supporting roles in many films, notably Ashok Kumar (1941), where he played the general of emperor Ashoka's army, and as a captain in Dungan's Meera (1945).

<i>Pasamalar</i> 1961 film by A. Bhimsingh

Pasamalar is a 1961 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by A. Bhimsingh. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan and Savitri Ganesan, with K. A. Thangavelu M. N. Nambiar and M. N. Rajam in supporting roles. It revolves around Rajasekhar and his bonding with his younger sister Radha. Radha falls in love with her brother's friend, and Rajasekhar eventually arranges for their marriage. Problems they face form the story.

<i>Karpagam</i> 1963 film by K. S. Gopalakrishnan

Karpagam is a 1963 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film features an ensemble cast including Gemini Ganesan, Savitri, S. V. Ranga Rao, M. R. Radha, R. Muthuraman, V. K. Ramasamy, V. Nagayya, Karikol Raju, Sheeladevi, K. R. Vijaya and Baby Shakila. In Karpagam, a rich farmer makes his newly married daughter (Vijaya) and her husband (Ganesan) live in his house to take care of his business. Problems arise when his estranged son (Muthuraman) starts to squander his money.

<i>Paava Mannippu</i> 1961 film by A. Bhimsingh

Paava Mannippu is a 1961 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and edited by A. Bhimsingh, who co-produced it under his banner Buddha Pictures, with AVM Productions. The film features an ensemble cast of Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, Savitri, Devika and M. R. Radha. M. V. Rajamma, V. Nagayya, S. V. Subbaiah and T. S. Balaiah play supporting roles. It revolves around four children who are separated from their parents in childhood, then found and raised by foster parents of different religious backgrounds.

<i>Kalidas</i> (film) 1931 film by H. M. Reddy

Kalidas is a 1931 Indian biographical film directed by H. M. Reddy and produced by Ardeshir Irani. It is notable for being the first sound film in the Tamil and Telugu languages, and the first sound film to be made in a Dravidian language. It was based on the life of the Sanskrit poet Kalidasa, hence its namesake; it featured P. G. Venkatesan in the title role and T. P. Rajalakshmi as the female lead, with L. V. Prasad, Thevaram Rajambal, T. Susheela Devi, J. Sushila, and M. S. Santhanalakshmi in supporting roles.

<i>Miss Malini</i> 1947 film by Kothamangalam Subbu

Miss Malini is a 1947 Indian Tamil-language satirical film written and directed by Kothamangalam Subbu and produced by K. Ramnoth, based on a story by R. K. Narayan. Subbu also starred in the film alongside Pushpavalli and M. S. Sundari Bai. Javar Seetharaman and Gemini Ganesan made their acting debuts in the film appearing in minor supporting roles. The film focuses on Malini (Pushpavalli), an impoverished woman who joins her actress friend Sundari's theatre company Kala Mandhiram and becomes a success. Things take a turn for the worse when she befriends a charlatan named Sampath.

<i>Penn</i> (film) 1954 Indian film

Penn (transl. Girl) is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written by Ra. Venkatachalam and directed by M. V. Raman. It stars Vyjayanthimala, Anjali Devi, Gemini Ganesan, and S. Balachander while V. Nagayya, V. K. Ramasamy, K. N. Kamlam, K. R. Chellam and K. Sankarapani as the ensemble cast, was produce by A. V. Chettiar of AVM Productions. The score is composed by R. Sudharsanam with the lyrics by Papanasam Sivan and Udumalai Narayana Kavi, Ku. Sa. Krishnamurthy, K. P. Kamakshi and V. Seetharaman. Editing was done by K. Shankar and M. V. Raman while the camera was handled by T. Muthu Sami.

<i>Manohara</i> (film) 1954 film by L. V. Prasad

Manohara is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language historical fantasy film directed by L. V. Prasad and written by M. Karunanidhi. Starring Sivaji Ganesan, T. R. Rajakumari, P. Kannamba and Girija, the film was based on the play of the same name by Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar. It was released on 3 March 1954. The film was dubbed in Telugu and Hindi under the same title. Those versions were released on 3 June 1954.

<i>Kalyana Parisu</i> 1959 film by C. V. Sridhar

Kalyana Parisu is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Sridhar. The film stars Gemini Ganesan and B. Saroja Devi while K. A. Thangavelu, Vijayakumari, M. Saroja, S. D. Subbulakshmi, A. Nageswara Rao and M. N. Nambiar play supporting roles. A triangular love story, it is about two close sisters whose lives turn upside down when they both fall in love with the same man. Out of respect, the younger sister decides to sacrifice her love, unknown to the elder sister.

<i>Motor Sundaram Pillai</i> 1966 film by S. S. Balan

Motor Sundaram Pillai is a 1966 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by S. S. Balan and written by Veppathur Kittoo. A remake of the Hindi film Grahasti (1963), itself based on the American film The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker (1959), the film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Ravichandran, Sowcar Janaki and Jayalalithaa. It revolves around a man who leads a double life, having two sets of families.

<i>Kaviya Thalaivi</i> 1970 film by K. Balachander

Kaviya Thalaivi is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language film, written and directed by K. Balachander and produced by Sowcar Janaki. It is a remake of the 1963 Bengali film Uttar Falguni. Janaki also stars alongside Gemini Ganesan, Ravichandran and M. R. R. Vasu. The film was released on 29 October 1970, Diwali day, and became a success. For his performance, Ganesan won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">R. S. Manohar filmography</span>

This is the filmography of Indian actor R. S. Manohar, who performed roles ranging from hero to villain to comedic character. He acted over 300 Tamil film. He was popular for negative roles. He also played supporting roles in films with actors M. G. Ramachandran, Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, S. S. Rajendran, Jaishankar, Ravichandran, Sivakumar, Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan. He is known for his versatility and dominating personality.

<i>Missiamma</i> 1955 film by L. V. Prasad

Missiamma is a 1955 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by L. V. Prasad. Produced by B. Nagi Reddy and Aluri Chakrapani's Vijaya Vauhini Studios, the script was adapted by Chakrapani from the Bengali novel Manmoyee Girls School by Rabindranath Maitra. Missiamma also focused on social issues such as unemployment, corruption, and freedom of worship. Missiamma tells the story of two unemployed people of different religions and mentalities: Balu and Mary. They pose as a married couple to obtain jobs in a high school founded by Gopal, the zamindar of Aandipettai. As Balu and Mary fall in love, Gopal's nephew Raju learns that Mary is Gopal's missing elder daughter Mahalakshmi; she is unaware of her true identity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">K. R. Ramasamy (actor)</span> Indian actor and playback singer(1914–1971)

Kumbakonam Ramabadran Ramasamy, also known by his initials KRR, was an Indian actor and playback singer who worked mainly in Tamil theatre and cinema. He was born in Kumbakonam and was active during the early days of Tamil cinema. He was also the first actor who also dwelled into politics mainly with Dravidar Kazhagam and later with DMK, thus setting a trend for many other to follow.

This is the filmography of Indian actor Jaishankar, who performed roles ranging from hero to villain. He was credited on screen with the title of Makkal Kalaignar Jaishankar or Makkal Tamilan in most of his films, sometimes referred to as Thennagathu James Bond. In the era dominated by Sivaji Ganesan, M. G. Ramachandran, Gemini Ganesan and Ravichandran, he created his own niche with portrayals of westernised characters.

Mahalingam Venkat Raman was an Indian film director, editor and writer who was active mainly in Tamil and Hindi cinema.

References

  1. ↑ Guy, Randor (October 2008). "Round the City's old studios with Randor Guy". Madras Musings . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  2. ↑ Guy, Randor (5 December 2008). "Chakradhari 1948". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  3. ↑ Guy, Randor (25 April 2008). "Thaai Ullam 1952". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  4. ↑ Guy, Randor (22 January 2011). "Moondru Pillaigal 1952". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  5. ↑ Pillai, Swarnavel Eswaran (2015). Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema. SAGE Publications. p. 166. ISBN   9789351502128.
  6. ↑ Vijayakumar, B. (16 May 2010). "Ashadeepam (1953)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  7. ↑ Guy, Randor (26 May 2012). "Manam Pola Mangalyam". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017.
  8. ↑ Guy, Randor (4 April 2015). "Maheswari (1955)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  9. ↑ Guy, Randor (4 May 2017). "Pennin Perumai (1956)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  10. ↑ Ramnath, Nandini (28 August 2017). "Picture the song: 'Vivaha Bhojanambu' from 'Mayabazar' is a delicious tribute to gluttony". Scroll.in . Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  11. ↑ Guy, Randor (13 December 2014). "Mallika 1957". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  12. ↑ Thirumanam Song Book (in Tamil). Shanthi Press, Chennai-1.
  13. ↑ "Kalyana Parisu (1959)". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  14. ↑ Guy, Randor (29 May 2009). "Paarthibhan Kanavu 1960". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  15. ↑ Guy, Randor (25 April 2015). "Kalathoor Kannamma (1959)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  16. ↑ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 370.
  17. ↑ Kohli, Suresh (2 December 2011). "Nazrana (1961)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  18. ↑ "Pasa Malar (1961)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  19. ↑ Guy, Randor (20 December 2014). "Kappalottiya Thamizhan (1961)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  20. ↑ Guy, Randor (23 May 2015). "Konjum Salangai 1962". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  21. ↑ Guy, Randor (7 March 2015). "Aadiperukku – 1962". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  22. ↑ Narasimham, M. L. (13 January 2017). "Lava Kusa (1963)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  23. ↑ "லவகுசா [முழுநீள கேவாகலர்]" [Lavakusa [Gevacolor Feature]](PDF) (songbook) (in Tamil). Lalitha Sivajothi Films. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017. Alt URL
  24. ↑ Guy, Randor (15 December 2012). "Vaazhkai Padagu 1965". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  25. ↑ Narasimham, M. L. (10 November 2017). "Veerabhimanyu (1965)". The Hindu . Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  26. ↑ Guy, Randor (6 April 2016). "Punnagai (1971)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  27. ↑ Vijayakumar, B. (29 March 2015). "Jesus: 1973". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  28. ↑ Ramachandran, Naman (2014) [2012]. Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 90. ISBN   978-81-8475-796-5.
  29. ↑ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 486.
  30. ↑ Srivatsan (23 January 2017). "Jallikattu row: These Tamil films reflected the current situation earlier". India Today . Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  31. ↑ "Avvai Shanmughi". The Hindu . 15 November 1996. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  32. ↑ "Birthday Remembrance: Gemini Ganesan". Deccan Chronicle . 17 November 2013. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  33. ↑ Rangarajan, Malathi (12 March 2004). "Adithadi". The Hindu . Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.