General View of Agriculture county surveys

Last updated

General View of the Agriculture of Somerset Cover general view of the agriculture of Somerset.jpg
General View of the Agriculture of Somerset

The General View series of county surveys was an initiative of the Board of Agriculture of Great Britain, of the early 1790s. Many of these works had second editions in the 1810s.

Contents

The Board, set up by Sir John Sinclair, was generally a proponent of enclosures. [1]

England

CountyTitleYearAuthorComment
Bedfordshire General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford1794 [2] Thomas StoneBedfordshire was noted for barley, but had some market gardening. Joan Thirsk comments that the conservatism noted in the reports for arable farming was overstated. [3]
1808, [4] 1813 [5] Thomas Batchelor Included contributions by Charles Abbot. [6] Batchelor observed the expansion of straw plaiting, carried out largely by women and children. [7]
BerkshireGeneral View of the Agriculture in Berkshire1794 [8] William Pearce
General View of the Agriculture of Berkshire1809, [9] 1813 [10] William Fordyce Mavor
BuckinghamshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Buckingham1794 [11] William James, Jacob MalcolmJames and Malcolm were of Stockwell, according to the title page.
General View of the Agriculture of Buckinghamshire1810 [12] 1813 [13] St. John Priest, Richard Parkinson Priest wrote also Delectus Graecorum Sententiarum (1798). [14] A Senior Wrangler, he was vicar of Scarning, and died in 1818. [15] The title page mentions him as Secretary to the Norfolk Agricultural Society.
CambridgeshireGeneral View of the Agriculture in the County of Cambridge1794 [16] Charles Vancouver Vancouver and then Gooch listed 26 parishes where underdraining had been carried out as a land improvement. [17]
1811, [18] 1813William GoochWilliam Gooch, A.B. was a cleric who signed the work in 1807 from Whatfield parsonage, Suffolk. [19] Gooch, a neighbour and protégé of Arthur Young, was a curate there when brought in to revise the Cambridgeshire survey. Young then recommended him to John Upton, 1st Viscount Templetown as agent for Castle Upton, an appointment that had a poor outcome. [20]
CheshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County Palatine of Chester1794 [21] Thomas Wedge
General View of the Agriculture of Cheshire1808, [22] 1813 Henry Holland Holland advocated for threshing machines, and paring and burning (a technique for bringing land into cultivation). [23]
CornwallGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Cornwall1794Robert Fraser
1811 [24] George Bouchier Worgan Worgan, who had fallen into financial difficulties, was given the task of revising the survey by Young, after Richard Parkinson and Humphry Davy had turned it down [25] The report was worked over by Charles Penrose, the Rev. Robert Walker, and the Rev. Jeremiah Trist. [26]
CumberlandGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Cumberland John Bailey, George Culley Bailey was land agent to Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville, at Chillingham Castle. [27] -
DerbyshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Derby1794 [28] Thomas Brown
General View of the Agriculture and Minerals of DerbyshireI (1811) II (1813) III (1817) John Farey, Sr.
DevonGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Devon1794Robert Fraser
General View of the Agriculture of Devon1808, 1809Charles VancouverThe survey noted that pack horses, except in hilly areas, were being replaced by wagons and carts. In general the county's agriculture was not in period of rapid change. [29]
DorsetGeneral View of the Agriculture, in the County of Dorset1793John ClaridgeClaridge was of Craigs Court, London. [30]
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Dorset1812 William Stevenson
County DurhamGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Durham1794Joseph GrangerIntroduction by Sir William Appleby. [31] Granger was a land surveyor at Heugh, near Durham. [27]
1810John Bailey
EssexGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Essex1794Messrs. GriggsThis was a short report of 29 pages. The Griggs were of Hill House, Kelvedon. [30]
General View of the Agriculture in the County of Essex1795Charles Vancouver
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Essex I, II1807Arthur Young
GloucestershireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Gloucester1794George TurnerTurner was of Dowdeswell. [30]
1807 Thomas Rudge
HampshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Hants1794Abraham and William DriverThe authors were great-uncles of Robert Collier Driver, and were land agents and surveyors in Surrey. [32] [33] Included was Richard Warner, on the Isle of Wight. [34]
General View of the Agriculture of Hampshire, Including the Isle of Wight1810 Charles Vancouver
HerefordshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Hereford1794 John Clark It has been commented that Clark gave two pages to mistletoe, but had only a few words for Hereford cattle. [35]
1805 [36] John Duncumb
HertfordshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Hertford1795D. Walker
General View of the Agriculture of Hertfordshire1804Arthur Young-
HuntingdonshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Huntingdon1793George Maxwell
1793Thomas Stone??
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Huntingdon1811Richard Parkinson
KentA General View of the Agriculture of the County of Kent1786 John Boys
LancashireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Lancaster1794 John Holt
General View of the Agriculture of Lancashire1815 Richard Watson Dickson
LeicestershireGeneral View of the Agriculture of Leicester1794John MonkMonk reported on the sheep breeding of Robert Bakewell. [37]
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Leicester1819 (ODNB) William Pitt
LincolnshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of Lincoln1794 Thomas Brace Stone
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Lincoln1799Arthur Young
General View of the Agriculture of the County of LincolnshireArthur Young
MiddlesexGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Middlesex1793Thomas Baird
1794Peter FootSurveyor of Dean Street, Soho, London. [38]
1798, 1813 (2nd edition) [39] John MiddletonOn the 1813 title page, Middleton is described as a land surveyor, and as farming at West Barns Farm, Merton, and Lambeth, Surrey.
NorthamptonshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Northampton1809 (ODNB)William Pitt
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Northamptonshire James Donaldson
NorthumberlandGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of NorthumberlandJohn Bailey, George Culley
NorfolkGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Norfolk1794 Nathaniel Kent
1804, [40] 1813 [41] Arthur Young
NottinghamshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Nottingham1794, reprinted 1798 [42] Robert LoweRobert Lowe, of Oxton, [43] was High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire in 1802. [42] [44] Father of Rev. Robert Lowe (1780–1845), rector of Bingham, he was grandfather of Robert Lowe the Chancellor of the Exchequer. [45] [46]
OxfordshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Oxford1794 Richard Davis
1809 Arthur Young
RutlandGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Rutland1794John Crutchley
1808 Richard Parkinson
ShropshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Salop1794 John Bishton senior (ODNB)
General View of the Agriculture of Shropshire1803Peter Plough (collective pseudonym) [47] Joseph Babington, John Stackhouse, Thomas Telford, Robert Townson and William Withering were involved in the compilation; [47] also William Reynolds. [48] The editor was Joseph Plymley, from 1804 Joseph Corbett. [49]
1812 Joseph Plymley?
SomersetGeneral View of the Agriculture in the County of Somerset John Billingsley Billingsley went to the antiquarian Richard Locke for information. [50]
StaffordshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of Stafford1794 (ODNB)William Pitt
SuffolkGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Suffolk1794, 1797 [51] Arthur Young
SurreyGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Surrey1794William Malcolm
1809William Stevenson
SussexGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Sussex1793, 1808? (ODNB)Arthur Young (the Younger)
WarwickshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Warwick1794 John Wedge
General View of the Agriculture of Warwick1815Adam Murray
WestmorlandGeneral View of the Agriculture of Westmoreland1794Andrew Pringle
WiltshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Wiltshire1794Thomas Davis
WorcestershireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Worcester1794William Thomas Pomeroy
1813 (ODNB)William Pitt
Yorkshire, East RidingGeneral View of the Agriculture of the East Riding of Yorkshire1794Isaac Leatham
1812Henry Eustasius StricklandStrickland (1777–1865) was the youngest son of Sir George Strickland, 5th Baronet. [52] [53]
Yorkshire, North RidingGeneral View of the Agriculture of the North Riding of Yorkshire1794John TukeTuke was a land surveyor of Lincroft, near York. [33]
Yorkshire, West RidingGeneral View of the Agriculture of the West Riding of Yorkshire1794, [54] 1799 Robert Brown, George Rennie, John Shirreff In 1794, the authors signed (p. 8) from Haddington, East Lothian.

Ireland

CountyTitleYearAuthorComment
King's County (now County Offaly)General View of the Agriculture and Manufactures of King's County1801 Sir Charles Coote, 2nd Baronet Coote (1765–1857) was the illegitimate son of Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont. [55]
Queen's County (now County Laois General View of the Agriculture and Manufactures of Queen's CountySir Charles Coote
County WicklowGeneral View of the Agriculture and Mineralogy, Present State and Circumstances of the County of Wicklow1801Robert Fraser

Scotland

Map from General View of the Agriculture of the County of Berwick (1794) Berwickshire map Lowe.jpg
Map from General View of the Agriculture of the County of Berwick (1794)
Eglinton Castle Bridge, illustration from General View of the Agriculture of the County of Ayr (1811) Eglinton Castle Bridge in 1811.jpg
Eglinton Castle Bridge, illustration from General View of the Agriculture of the County of Ayr (1811)
CountyTitleYearAuthorComment
AberdeenshireGeneral View of the Agriculture and Rural Economy of the County of Aberdeen1794 [56] James Anderson
General View of the Agriculture of Aberdeenshire1811 George Skene Keith
AngusGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Angus and Forfar1794 George Dempster [57]
A General View of the Agriculture of Angus1794James RogerRoger (1767–1849) was minister at Dunino and father of Charles Rogers. [58]
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Angus, or Forfarshire1813 James Headrick
ArgyllshireGeneral View of the Agriculture in the County of Argyll. And Western Part of Inverness-shire1794James Robson
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Argyll1798 John Smith
AyrshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Ayr1793 William Fullarton
1811 William Aiton
BanffshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Banff1794 James Donaldson
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Banff1812David Souter
BerwickshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Berwick1794Alexander LoweAppendix by Arthur Bruce of the Natural History Society of Edinburgh. [38] The 1799 History of Berwick by John Fuller had its origins in a submission as the Berwickshire survey. [59]
1808 Robert Kerr
ButeGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Bute1816William Aiton
CaithnessGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Caithness1812, 1815John Henderson
ClackmannanshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Clackmannan1795John Francis ErskineErskine was of Marr. [60]
ClydesdaleGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Clydesdale1794, 1813John Naismith
DumbartonshireGeneral View of the Agriculture in the County of Dumbarton1794 David Ure
General View of the Agriculture of the County of Dumbarton1811Andrew Whyte, Duncan Macfarlan
DumfriesshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Dumfries1794 Bryce Johnstone Johnstone was a minister at Holywood. [60]
1812William Singer
FifeshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Fife1794Robert Beatson of Pitteadie (1732–1815)
General View of the Agriculture of Fife1800John D. D. Thomson
GallowayGeneral View of the Agriculture of Galloway, Comprehending... Kirkcudbright and... Wigton1794James Webster
General View of the Agriculture of Galloway1806 (ODNB)Samuel SmithSmith (died 1816) was minister at Borgue, and was grandfather of Samuel Smith (1836–1906). [61]
HebridesGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Hebrides, or Western Isles of ScotlandJames MacdonaldMacdonald advocated the adoption of the potato as a staple of diet. [62]
Central HighlandsGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Central Highlands of Scotland1794 [63] William Marshall
Inverness-shireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Inverness1808James Robertson
KincardineshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Kincardine1795James Donaldson
General View of Kincardineshire1813 (ODNB) George Robertson
KinrossGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Kinross1797 David Ure
General View of the Agriculture of the Counties of Kinross and Clackmannan1814Patrick Graham
East LothianGeneral View of the Agriculture and Rural Economy of East Lothian1794 George Buchan-Hepburn
General View of the Agriculture of East Lothian1805Robert Somerville
MidlothianGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Mid Lothian1793 (ODNB), 1794, 1795George RobertsonThe 1795 Edinburgh edition contained "additional remarks of several respectable gentlemen and farmers in the country". [64]
1812 [65] Robert Bald [65] Bald was a civil engineer. [65]
West LothianGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of West-Lothian1794, 1811James Trotter
MorayGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Elgin or Moray1794James Donaldson
NairnGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Nairn1794James Donaldson
General View of the Agriculture of the Counties of Nairn and Moray1813William Leslie-
OrkneysGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Orkney Islands1814John Shirreff
PeebleshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Peebles, with Various Suggestions1802 Charles Findlater
PerthshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Carse of Gowrie, in the County of Perth1794James Donaldson
General View of the Agriculture in the Southern Districts of the County of Perth1794James Robertson
General View of the Agriculture in the County of Perth1799James Robertson
RenfrewshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of RenfrewAlexander Martin
General View of the Agriculture of Renfrewshire ... and an Account of its Commerce and Manufactures1812John Wilson
Ross and CromartyGeneral Survey of the Counties of Ross and Cromarty1810 [66] George Steuart Mackenzie
RoxburghshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Roxburgh1794 David Ure
General View of the Agriculture of the Counties of Roxburgh and Selkirk1798 [67] Robert Douglas The survey is considered partisan on the enclosure question. [67]
SelkirkshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Selkirk1794Thomas Johnston
ShetlandsGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Shetland Islands1814John Shirreff
StirlingshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Stirling1796R. Belsches
General View of the Agriculture of Stirlingshire1812Patrick Graham
SutherlandGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Sutherland1812John Henderson
TweedaleGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Tweedale1794Thomas Johnston

Wales

CountyTitleYearAuthorComment
North WalesGeneral View of the Agriculture of North Wales1794George Kay
General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of North Wales Walter Davies
South WalesGeneral View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of South WalesWalter Davies
Anglesey1794 (ODNB)George Kay
BrecknockshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Brecknock1794 John Clark Clark considered the local cattle to be poor. [68]
CardiganGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of CardiganThomas Lloyd, David TurnorLloyd was Capt. Thomas Lloyd R.N. of Cilgwyn, a noted agricultural improver. [69] Turnor was a clergyman, reclaimer of land, and founder of a Society for Encouragement of Agriculture. [70]
CarmarthenGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Carmarthen1794Charles HassallHassall was land steward on the Llanstinian estate. [70]
GlamorganGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Country of Glamorgan1796John Fox
MonmouthshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Monmouth1794John Fox
1815Charles Hassall
PembrokeshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Pembroke1794Charles Hassall
RadnorshireGeneral View of the Agriculture of the County of Radnor1794John Clark

Other

CountyTitleYearAuthorComment
Channel IslandsGeneral View of the Agriculture and Present State of the Islands on the Coast of Normandy, Subject to the Crown of Great Britain1815Thomas Quayle
Isle of ManGeneral View of the Agriculture of the Isle of Man1794Basil Quayle
1812 [71] Thomas Quayle

General

William Marshall, who had written the Central Highlands survey, was a rival of Arthur Young, and at odds with him over the surveys. He wrote at length about the reports in 1808 to 1817, producing a five-volume Review, generally critical of the reports. [72] [73] [74] [75] William Lester's History of British Implements and Machinery applicable to Agriculture (1811) drew heavily on extracts from the surveys, where those covered agricultural implements. His introduction commented on the difficulty in referring farmers directly to the reports. [76]

Sir John Sinclair wrote a number of related works:

Sources

Notes

  1. S:Landholding in England/Chapter 19
  2. Thomas Stone (1794). General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford: with observations on the means of improvement. Printed by E. Hodson.
  3. Joan Thirsk (27 June 1985). The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 5, 1640-1750, Part 1, Regional Farming Systems. CUP Archive. p. 242. ISBN   978-0-521-20076-9.
  4. Thomas Batchelor (1808). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford. Drawn Up by Order of the Board of Agriculture, and Internal Improvement. By Thomas Batchelor, Farmer. Richard Phillips, Bridge street.
  5. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture; Thomas Batchelor (1813). General view of the agriculture of the county of Bedford: Drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. Printed for Sherwood, Neely and Jones.
  6. Slatter, Enid. "Abbot, Charles". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. Samantha Williams (2013). Poverty, Gender and Life-Cycle Under the English Poor Law, 1760-1834. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 24. ISBN   978-1-84383-866-1.
  8. William Pearce (1794). General View of the Agriculture in Berkshire: With Observations on the Means of Its Improvement. W. Bulmer and Company.
  9. William Fordyce Mavor (1809). General View of the Agriculture of Berkshire. Drawn Up for the Consideration of the Board of Agriculture, and Internal Improvement. Richard Phillips, Bridge-street.
  10. William Fordyce Mavor (1813). General view of the agriculture of Berkshire.
  11. William James; Jacob Malcolm (1794). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Buckingham: With Observations on the Means of Its Improvement. C. MacRae.
  12. St. John Priest; Richard Parkinson (1810). General View of the Agriculture of Buckinghamshire. Drawn Up for the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. By the Rev. St. John Priest, Secretary to the Norfolk Agricultural Society. With an Appendix, Containing Extracts from a Survey of the Same County, Delivered to the Board by Mr. Parkinson. Richard Phillips, Bridge street.
  13. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture (1813). Agricultural Surveys: Buckinghamshire (1813).
  14. Watt, Robert (1824). Authors [I–Z]. p. 776.
  15. John Nichols (1818). The Gentleman's Magazine. E. Cave. p. 372.
  16. Charles Vancouver (1794). General View of the Agriculture in the County of Cambridge, with an Appendix. W. Smith.
  17. A. D. M. Phillips (16 November 1989). The Underdraining of Farmland in England During the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. ISBN   978-0-521-36444-7.
  18. William Gooch (1811). General view of the agriculture of the county of Cambridge; drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. R. Phillips.
  19. William Gooch (1811). General view of the agriculture of the county of Cambridge; drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. R. Phillips. p. ix.
  20. John Gerow Gazley (1973). The Life of Arthur Young, 1741-1820. American Philosophical Society. pp. 489, 528–30. ISBN   978-0-87169-097-5.
  21. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture (1794). General view of the agriculture of the county of palatine of Chester: With observations on the means of its improvement. C. MacRae.
  22. Sir Henry Holland (1808). General View of the Agriculture of Cheshire: With Observations Drawn Up for the Consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. R. Phillips.
  23. John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. p.  93.
  24. George B. Worgan (1811). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Cornwall. G. and W. Nicol.
  25. John Gerow Gazley (1973). The Life of Arthur Young, 1741-1820. American Philosophical Society. pp. 511–2. ISBN   978-0-87169-097-5.
  26. Joseph Polsue (1872). A Complete Parochial History of the County of Cornwall: Compiled from the Best Authorities & Corrected and Improved from Actual Survey ; Illustrated. W. Lake. p. 329.
  27. 1 2 John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. p.  71.
  28. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture; Thomas Brown (1794). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Derby, with Observations on the Means of Its Improvement. W. Bulmer and Company.
  29. Fussell, G. E., & Goodman, C.. (1941). Crop Husbandry in Eighteenth Century England: Part 1. Agricultural History, 15(4), 202–216, at pp. 214–5. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3739785
  30. 1 2 3 John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. pp.  74–.
  31. Watkinson, C. D. "Appleby, Sir William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57393.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  32. Thompson, F. M. L. "Driver, Robert Collier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50169.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  33. 1 2 John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. p.  75.
  34. Hicks, Michael. "Warner, Richard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28766.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  35. Robert Trow-Smith (5 November 2013). A History of British Livestock Husbandry, 1700-1900. Routledge. p. 103 note 1. ISBN   978-1-136-60127-9.
  36. Whittaker, Robin. "Duncumb, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8245.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  37. Robert Trow-Smith (3 November 2005). A History of British Livestock Husbandry, 1700-1900. Taylor & Francis. p. 62. ISBN   978-0-415-38112-3.
  38. 1 2 John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. p.  76.
  39. Board of Agriculture (Great Britain); Great Britain. Board of Agriculture; John Middleton (land surveyor.) (1813). General view of the agriculture of Middlesex: with observations on the means of its improvement, and several essays on agriculture in general. Drawn up for the consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. Printed for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones; sold by G. and W. Nicol.
  40. General View of the Agriculture of the County of Norfolk; Drawn Up for the Consideration of the Board of Agriculture, and Internal Improvement. By the Secretary to the Board. London: Richard Phillips, Bridge street, Blackfriars. 1804.
  41. Board of Agriculture (Great Britain); Arthur Young (1813). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Norfolk. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones.
  42. 1 2 Martin, Arthur Patchett (1893). Life and Letters of the Right Honourable Robert Lowe, Viscount Sherbrooke, with a memoir of Sir John Coape Sherbrooke. Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green. p. 54. Retrieved 26 November 2015 via Internet Archive.
  43. Joseph Plymley (1812). General View of the Agriculture of Shropshire: With Observations. G. and W. Nicol. p. 144.
  44. "No. 15450". The London Gazette . 2 February 1802. p. 113.
  45. "Lowe, Robert (LW797R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  46. Parry, Jonathan. "Lowe, Robert, Viscount Sherbrooke". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17088.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  47. 1 2 Dahn, Jo. "Plymley, Katherine". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/93057.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  48. Trinder, Barrie. "Reynolds, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23445.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  49. H. S. Torrens, Arthur Aikin's Mineralogical Survey of Shropshire 1796–1816 and the Contemporary Audience for Geological Publications, The British Journal for the History of Science Vol. 16, No. 2 (July 1983), pp. 111–153, at p. 146. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The British Society for the History of Science JSTOR   4026236
  50. Dunning, Robert W. "Locke, Richard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/64843.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  51. Arthur Young (1797). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Suffolk: Drawn Up for the Consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. By the Secretary to the Board. B. Macmillan, printer to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.
  52. Edward Walford (1869). The County Families of the United Kingdom Or, Royal Manual of the Titled and Untitled Aristocracy of Great Britain and Ireland. R. Hardwicke. p. 924.
  53. VIAF record
  54. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture (1794). General view of the agriculture of the county of the West Riding of Yorkshire: with observations on the means of its improvement. W. Bulmer.
  55. Bernard Burke (1865). Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. Harrison. p. 257.
  56. Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Anderson, James (1739-1808)"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  57. Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). "Dempster, George"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 14. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  58. Burns, J. H. "Rogers, Charles". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23968.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  59. Kerslake, Christian. "Fuller, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10232.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  60. 1 2 John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. p.  79.
  61. Matthew, H. C. G. "Smith, Samuel". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36157.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  62. T. C. Smout (11 May 2005). Exploring Environmental History: Selected Essays. Edinburgh University Press. p. 118. ISBN   978-0-7486-5397-3.
  63. Mingay, G. E. "Marshall, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18155.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  64. Lee, Sidney, ed. (1896). "Robertson, George (1750?-1832)"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 48. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  65. 1 2 3 John Donaldson (1854). Agricultural biography: containing a notice of the life and writings of the British authors on agriculture. p.  104.
  66. Great Britain. Board of Agriculture (1810). Agricultural Surveys: Ross and Cromarty (1810).
  67. 1 2 Carnall, Geoffrey. "Douglas, Robert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/64369.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  68. R. J. Colyer, Some Welsh Breeds of Cattle in the Nineteenth Century, The Agricultural History Review Vol. 22, No. 1 (1974), pp. 1–17, at p. 5. Published by: British Agricultural History Society. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40273576
  69. David W. Howell (1 January 1986). Patriarchs and Parasites: The Gentry of South-west Wales in the Eighteenth Century . University of Wales Press. p.  72. ISBN   978-0-7083-0929-2.
  70. 1 2 J. E. Thomas (15 August 2011). Social Disorder in Britain 1750-1850: The Power of the Gentry, Radicalism and Religion in Wales. I.B.Tauris. p. 47. ISBN   978-1-84885-503-8.
  71. "Thomas Quayle - General View of the Agriculture of the Isle of Man 1812" . Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  72. John Gerow Gazley (1973). The Life of Arthur Young, 1741-1820. American Philosophical Society. pp. 499–500. ISBN   978-0-87169-097-5.
  73. William Humphrey Marshall (1808). A review of the reports to the Board of agriculture.
  74. William Marshall (1817). A Review and Complete Abstract of the Reports to the Board of Agriculture from the Southern and Peninsular Departments of England.
  75. Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Shirreff, John"  . Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  76. William Lester (1811). A History of British Implements and Machinery applicable to Agriculture; with observations on their improvement. Longman and Company.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copley Medal</span> Award given by the Royal Society of London

The Copley Medal is the most prestigious award of the Royal Society, conferred "for sustained, outstanding achievements in any field of science". It alternates between the physical sciences or mathematics and the biological sciences. Given annually, the medal is the oldest Royal Society medal awarded and the oldest surviving scientific award in the world, having first been given in 1731 to Stephen Gray, for "his new Electrical Experiments: – as an encouragement to him for the readiness he has always shown in obliging the Society with his discoveries and improvements in this part of Natural Knowledge". The medal is made of silver-gilt and awarded with a £25,000 prize.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Master of the Rolls</span> Second most senior judge in England and Wales

The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the President of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and Head of Civil Justice. As a judge, the Master of the Rolls is second in seniority in England and Wales only to the Lord Chief Justice. The position dates from at least 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rye House Plot</span> Plan to assassinate Charles II of England

The Rye House Plot of 1683 was a plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother James, Duke of York. The royal party went from Westminster to Newmarket to see horse races and were expected to make the return journey on 1 April 1683, but because there was a major fire in Newmarket on 22 March, the races were cancelled, and the King and the Duke returned to London early. As a result, the planned attack never took place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commander-in-Chief of the Forces</span> Professional head of the English and then British Army (1660–1904)

The Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, later Commander-in-Chief, British Army, or just the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), was (intermittently) the professional head of the English Army from 1660 to 1707 and of the British Army from 1707 until 1904. In 1904 the office was replaced with the creation of the Army Council and the appointment of Chief of the General Staff.

Daniel Tilenus was a German-French Protestant theologian. Initially a Calvinist, he became a prominent and influential Arminian teaching at the Academy of Sedan. He was an open critic of the Synod of Dort of 1618-9.

<i>British Critic</i> 18th/19th-century British journal

The British Critic: A New Review was a quarterly publication, established in 1793 as a conservative and high-church review journal riding the tide of British reaction against the French Revolution. The headquarters was in London. The journal ended publication in 1843.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom</span> Honorary position in the United Kingdom

The British Poet Laureate is an honorary position appointed by the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently on the advice of the prime minister. The role does not entail any specific duties, but there is an expectation that the holder will write verse for significant national occasions. The origins of the laureateship date back to 1616 when a pension was provided to Ben Jonson, but the first official holder of the position was John Dryden, appointed in 1668 by Charles II. On the death of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, who held the post between November 1850 and October 1892, there was a break of four years as a mark of respect; Tennyson's laureate poems "Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington" and "The Charge of the Light Brigade" were particularly cherished by the Victorian public. Four poets, Thomas Gray, Samuel Rogers, Walter Scott and Philip Larkin turned down the laureateship. Historically appointed for an unfixed term and typically held for life, since 1999 the position has been for a term of ten years. The holder of the position as at 2024 is Simon Armitage who succeeded Carol Ann Duffy in May 2019 after 10 years in office.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Justice of the Common Pleas</span>

Justice of the Common Pleas was a puisne judicial position within the Court of Common Pleas of England and Wales, under the Chief Justice. The Common Pleas was the primary court of common law within England and Wales, dealing with "common" pleas. It was created out of the common law jurisdiction of the Exchequer of Pleas, with splits forming during the 1190s and the division becoming formal by the beginning of the 13th century. The court became a key part of the Westminster courts, along with the Exchequer of Pleas and the Court of King's Bench, but with the Writ of Quominus and the Statute of Westminster, both tried to extend their jurisdiction into the realm of common pleas. As a result, the courts jockeyed for power. In 1828 Henry Brougham, a Member of Parliament, complained in Parliament that as long as there were three courts unevenness was inevitable, saying that "It is not in the power of the courts, even if all were monopolies and other restrictions done away, to distribute business equally, as long as suitors are left free to choose their own tribunal", and that there would always be a favourite court, which would therefore attract the best lawyers and judges and entrench its position. The outcome was the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, under which all the central courts were made part of a single Supreme Court of Judicature. Eventually the government created a High Court of Justice under Lord Coleridge by an Order in Council of 16 December 1880. At this point, the Common Pleas formally ceased to exist.

English county histories, in other words historical and topographical works concerned with individual ancient counties of England, were produced by antiquarians from the late 16th century onwards. The content was variable: most focused on recording the ownership of estates and the descent of lordships of manors, thus the genealogies of county families, heraldry and other antiquarian material. In the introduction to one typical early work of this style, The Antiquities of Warwickshire published in 1656, the author William Dugdale writes:

I offer unto you my noble countriemen, as the most proper persons to whom it can be presented wherein you will see very much of your worthy ancestors, to whose memory I have erected it as a monumentall pillar and to shew in what honour they lived in those flourishing ages past. In this kind, or not much different, have divers persons in forrein parts very learnedly written; some whereof I have noted in my preface: and I could wish that there were more that would adventure in the like manner for the rest of the counties of this nation, considering how acceptable those are, which others have already performed

Edward William Grinfield (1785–1864) was an English biblical scholar.

The Evangelical Magazine was a monthly magazine published in London from 1793 to 1904, and aimed at Calvinist Christians. It was supported by evangelical members of the Church of England, and by nonconformists with similar beliefs. Its editorial line included a strong interest in missionary work.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Board of Agriculture (1793–1822)</span>

The Board of Agriculture was a British voluntary association and chartered society founded in 1793 to promote agricultural improvement. Under the fuller title Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement, it was discussed in a published paper of May 1793. The Board had the backing of William Pitt the younger the Prime Minister, and was set up at the start of the French Revolutionary Wars by the efforts of Sir John Sinclair, following a suggestion made in 1790 by William Marshall.

The Phytologist was a British botanical journal, appearing first as Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany. It was founded in 1841 as a monthly, edited by George Luxford. Luxford died in 1854, and the title was taken over by Alexander Irvine and William Pamplin, who ran it to 1863 with subtitle "a botanical journal".