Genome Taxonomy Database

Last updated

Genome Taxonomy Database
Content
DescriptionProposed prokaryotic nomenclature
Contact
Research center Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland
AuthorsPhil Hugenholtz, Maria Chuvochina, Christian Rinke
Primary citation PMID   30148503
Release date2018
Access
Website https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/
Miscellaneous
License CC BY-SA 4.0
VersionR07/RS207 (8 April 2022)
Curation policymixed

The Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) is an online database that maintains information on a proposed nomenclature of prokaryotes, following a phylogenomic approach based on a set of conserved single-copy proteins. In addition to resolving paraphyletic groups, this method also reassigns taxonomic ranks algorithmically, updating names in both cases. [1] Information for archaea was added in 2020, [2] along with a species classification based on average nucleotide identity. [3] Each update incorporates new genomes as well as automated and manual curation of the taxonomy. [4]

Contents

An open-source tool called GTDB-Tk is available to classify draft genomes into the GTDB hierarchy. [5] The GTDB system, via GTDB-Tk, has been used to catalogue not-yet-named bacteria in the human gut microbiome and other metagenomic sources. [6] [7]

The GTDB is incorporated into the Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria in 2019 as its phylogenomic resource. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanoarchaeota</span> Phylum of archaea

Nanoarchaeota is a proposed phylum in the domain Archaea that currently has only one representative, Nanoarchaeum equitans, which was discovered in a submarine hydrothermal vent and first described in 2002.

The Geobacteraceae are a family within the Thermodesulfobacteriota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desulfovibrionaceae</span> Family of bacteria

Desulfovibrionaceae is a family of bacteria belonging to the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota.

Desulfohalobiaceae is a family of bacteria belonging to the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thermodesulfobacteriota</span> Phylum of Gram-negative bacteria

The Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

The Myxococcota are a phylum of bacteria known as the fruiting gliding bacteria. All species of this group are Gram-negative. They are predominantly aerobic genera that release myxospores in unfavorable environments.

Nanohaloarchaea is a clade of diminutive archaea with small genomes and limited metabolic capabilities, belonging to the DPANN archaea. They are ubiquitous in hypersaline habitats, which they share with the extremely halophilic haloarchaea.

In metagenomics, binning is the process of grouping reads or contigs and assigning them to individual genome. Binning methods can be based on either compositional features or alignment (similarity), or both.

The "Aigarchaeota" are a proposed archaeal phylum of which the main representative is Caldiarchaeum subterraneum. It is not yet clear if this represents a new phylum or a Nitrososphaerota order, since the genome of Caldiarchaeum subterraneum encodes several Nitrososphaerota-like features. The name "Aigarchaeota" comes from the Greek αυγή, avgí, meaning "dawn" or "aurora", for the intermediate features of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic life during the evolution of its lineage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parvarchaeota</span> Phylum of archaea

Parvarchaeota is a phylum of archaea belonging to the DPANN archaea. They have been discovered in acid mine drainage waters and later in marine sediments. The cells of these organisms are extremely small consistent with small genomes. Metagenomic techniques allow obtaining genomic sequences from non-cultured organisms, which were applied to determine this phylum.

Hadesarchaea, formerly called the South-African Gold Mine Miscellaneous Euryarchaeal Group, are a class of thermophile microorganisms that have been found in deep mines, hot springs, marine sediments, and other subterranean environments.

Syntrophus is a Gram negative bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DPANN</span> A superphylum of Archaea grouping taxa that display various environmental and metabolic features

DPANN is a superphylum of Archaea first proposed in 2013. Many members show novel signs of horizontal gene transfer from other domains of life. They are known as nanoarchaea or ultra-small archaea due to their smaller size (nanometric) compared to other archaea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candidate phyla radiation</span> A large evolutionary radiation of bacterial candidate phyla and superphyla

The candidate phyla radiation is a large evolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages whose members are mostly uncultivated and only known from metagenomics and single cell sequencing. They have been described as nanobacteria or ultra-small bacteria due to their reduced size (nanometric) compared to other bacteria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NC10 phylum</span> Phylum of bacteria

NC10 is a bacterial phylum with candidate status, meaning its members remain uncultured to date. The difficulty in producing lab cultures may be linked to low growth rates and other limiting growth factors.

There are several models of the branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these is the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB).

Bdellovibrionota is a phylum of bacteria.

References

  1. Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Waite, DW; Rinke, C; Skarshewski, A; Chaumeil, PA; Hugenholtz, P (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (10): 996–1004. bioRxiv   10.1101/256800 . doi:10.1038/nbt.4229. PMID   30148503. S2CID   52093100.
  2. Rinke, Christian; Chuvochina, Maria; Mussig, Aaron J.; Chaumeil, Pierre-Alain; Davín, Adrián A.; Waite, David W.; Whitman, William B.; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip (21 June 2021). "A standardized archaeal taxonomy for the Genome Taxonomy Database" (PDF). Nature Microbiology. 6 (7): 946–959. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-00918-8. ISSN   2058-5276. PMID   34155373. S2CID   235595884.
  3. Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv   10.1101/771964 . doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8. PMID   32341564. S2CID   216560589.
  4. For information on each update, see relevant change logs. For notable, paper-worthy changes, see "Cite GTDB" section on the About page.
  5. Chaumeil, PA; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P; Parks, DH (15 November 2019). "GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database". Bioinformatics. 36 (6): 1925–1927. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz848 . PMC   7703759 . PMID   31730192.
  6. Almeida, Alexandre; Nayfach, Stephen; Boland, Miguel; Strozzi, Francesco; Beracochea, Martin; Shi, Zhou Jason; Pollard, Katherine S.; Sakharova, Ekaterina; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Segata, Nicola; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Finn, Robert D. (20 July 2020). "A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (1): 105–114. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3 . PMC   7801254 . PMID   32690973.
  7. Nayfach, Stephen; et al. (9 November 2020). "A genomic catalog of Earth's microbiomes". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (4): 499–509. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6 . PMC   8041624 . PMID   33169036.
  8. "Incorporation of Phylogenomics into BMSAB". Bergey's Manual Trust.

Further reading