George Harvey, Esq., FRS FRSE FLS FGS FRAS (died 29 October 1834) was an English mathematician, known for his scientific and engineering writings, on meteorology, ship building, and colour blindness.
Harvey was based in Plymouth, where he trained as a physician before specialising in mathematics.
He tutored William Yolland in mathematics. [1] Later he became a lecturer in mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. [2] Around 1826 his name was mentioned in correspondence about a professorial post at the University of Virginia, between Francis Walker Gilmer and Peter Barlow. The chair went in the end to Charles Bonnycastle. [3]
Harvey became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1824 [4] his proposer being Thomas Frederick Colby. [5] Next year he became Fellow of the Royal Society of London. [2] He was also a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, Geological Society and Linnaean Society. [6]
During his last years, Harvey was Local Secretary at Plymouth for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. In 1834 The Literary Gazette reported his death at Plymouth, "where he fell by his own hand while under the influence of a melancholy deprivation of reason." The notice remarks that he was among the ablest mathematicians of our age and country, and of a noble disposition, intensely awake to the sufferings of his fellow human beings. The writer suspects this acute sensibility lay behind the overwrought condition which led to the tragedy. He was an intimate friend of the Devon poet Nicholas Toms Carrington and of the Cornish engineer and author Davies Gilbert. [7]
Harvey was friends with Charles Babbage [8] and interested in French mathematics. He translated from the French work on the method of least squares by Adrien-Marie Legendre, [9] and on the calculus of variations by Charles Bossut. [10]
Harvey's article on meteorology for the Encyclopædia Metropolitana (Mixed Sciences vol. III) [11] was printed separately (1834), and reissued in the 1848 Encyclopaedia of Experimental Philosophy, with works by Peter Barlow, Peter Mark Roget and Francis Lunn; [12] his remark that folk wisdom came out ahead of science in the matter of weather forecasts was noted later. [13]
Harvey also wrote on "Naval Architecture" for the Metropolitana. [14] He wrote for the Edinburgh Encyclopædia on Plymouth and naval topics; [15] the article "Ship-building" [16] earned Harvey a diamond ring from the Tsar of Russia, presented by Prince Lieven. [17] At the 1832 meeting of the British Association, Harvey stated that British naval design was falling behind in mathematical theory, whatever the advantages brought by Robert Seppings in internal design. [18]
He published two papers in the Philosophical Transactions for 1824. [19] [20] They dealt with the accuracy of chronometers and the magnetic compass. [21]
A paper by Harvey on colour blindness from 1824.On an Anomalous Case of Vision with regard to Colours, has been regarded as pioneering, for its use of a table of Patrick Syme. [22] The table was from Syme's 1814 edition of the Nomenclature of Colours by Abraham Gottlob Werner; [23] its use moved studies of the condition on from the case history to the standardised test. [22]
Peter Mark Roget was a British physician, natural theologian, lexicographer and founding secretary of The Portico Library. He is best known for publishing, in 1852, the Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, a classified collection of related words. He also read a paper to the Royal Society about a peculiar optical illusion in 1824, which is often regarded as the origin of the persistence of vision theory that was later commonly used to explain apparent motion in film and animation.
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.
Peter Barlow was an English mathematician and physicist.
Dugald Stewart was a Scottish philosopher and mathematician. Today regarded as one of the most important figures of the later Scottish Enlightenment, he was renowned as a populariser of the work of Francis Hutcheson and Adam Smith. Trained in mathematics, medicine and philosophy, his lectures at the University of Edinburgh were widely disseminated by his many influential students. In 1783 he was a joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In most contemporary documents he is referred to as Prof Dougal Stewart.
William Henry Barlow was an English civil engineer of the 19th century, particularly associated with railway engineering projects. Barlow was involved in many engineering enterprises. He was engineer for the Midland Railway on its London extension and designed the company's London terminus at St Pancras.
The year 1814 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators.
The Royal Meteorological Society is a long-established institution that promotes academic and public engagement in weather and climate science. Fellows of the Society must possess relevant qualifications, but Associate Fellows can be lay enthusiasts. Its Quarterly Journal is one of the world's leading sources of original research in the atmospheric sciences. The chief executive officer is Liz Bentley.
Sir George Frederick Harvey, Scottish painter.
Sir David Roxbee Cox was a British statistician and educator. His wide-ranging contributions to the field of statistics included introducing logistic regression, the proportional hazards model and the Cox process, a point process named after him.
The Keith Medal was a prize awarded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy, for a scientific paper published in the society's scientific journals, preference being given to a paper containing a discovery, either in mathematics or earth sciences.
Sir Daniel Macnee FRSE PRSA LLD, was a Scottish portrait painter who served as president of the Royal Scottish Academy (1876).
William Yolland CB, FRS FRSA was an English military surveyor, astronomer and engineer, and was Britain's Chief Inspector of Railways from 1877 until his death. He was a redoubtable campaigner for railway safety, often in the face of strong opposition, at a time when railway investment was being directed towards the expansion of the networks rather than the prevention of accidents. He was a member of the three-man committee of inquiry into the Tay Bridge disaster.
John Francis Toland FRS FRSE is an Irish mathematician based in the UK. From 2011 to 2016 he served as Director of the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences and N M Rothschild & Sons Professor of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
Hugh Robert Mill was a British geographer and meteorologist who was influential in the reform of geography teaching, and in the development of meteorology as a science. He was President of the Royal Meteorological Society for 1907/8, and President of the Geographical Association in 1932.
The Harveian Oration is a yearly lecture held at the Royal College of Physicians of London. It was instituted in 1656 by William Harvey, discoverer of the systemic circulation. Harvey made financial provision for the college to hold an annual feast on St. Luke's Day at which an oration would be delivered in Latin to praise the college's benefactors and to exhort the Fellows and Members of this college to search and study out the secrets of nature by way of experiment. Until 1865, the Oration was given in Latin, as Harvey had specified, and known as the Oratio anniversaria; but it was thereafter spoken in English. Many of the lectures were published in book form.
William Lax was an English astronomer and mathematician who served as Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry at the University of Cambridge for 41 years.
The Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize Lectureship is a quadrennial award made by the Royal Society of Edinburgh to recognise original work done by scientists resident in or connected with Scotland.
Sir William Thomson FRSE LLD (1856–1947) was a 19th/20th century Scottish mathematician and physicist primarily working as a university administrator in South Africa.