Georgian Bay Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Upper Ordovician (upper Maysvillian-lower Richmondian) [1] | |
Type | Formation |
Underlies | |
Overlies | Blue Mountain Formation [2] |
Location | |
Region | Michigan, Ontario |
Country | United States, Canada |
The Georgian Bay Formation is a geologic formation in Michigan and Ontario. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The type locality of the formation is on East Meaford Creek (previously called Workman Creek), south shore of Nottawasaga Bay, Georgian Bay. [2]
The formation consists of massive shale interbedded with siltstone/sandstone and limestone, with sub-horizontal bedding planes and widely spaced jointing. [3]
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Ichnotaxa | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Paleodictyon | P. isp. A | Southern Ontario. [1] | 2 specimens, ROM 49424 and ROM 49624. [1] | ||
?P. isp. B | Southern Ontario. [1] | 1 specimen: ROM 49625. [1] | |||
Planolites | P. constriannulatus | Southern Ontario. [4] | |||
Conodonts | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Amorphognathus | A. ordovicicus | Lower part of the formation. [2] | Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation. | ||
Aphelognathus | A. grandis | Uppermost lower and upper members. [2] | |||
A. politus | Lower part of the formation. [2] | Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation. | |||
A. pyramidlis | Upper member. [2] | ||||
Belodina | B. confluens | Lower member at southern Georgian Bay. [2] | |||
Coelocerondontus | C. trigonius | Lower part and Upper member of the formation. [2] | |||
Decoriconus | D. fragilis | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | |||
Drepanoistodus | D. suberectus | Lower part, uppermost lower and upper members of the formation. [2] | Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation. | ||
Gen. et. sp. indet. 1 | Upper member. [2] | ||||
Gen. et. sp. indet. 2 | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | ||||
Gen. et. sp. indet. 3 | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | ||||
Icriodella | I. prominens | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | |||
I. superba | Lower part of the formation. [2] | ||||
Oulodus | O. robustus | Upper and lower members. [2] | |||
O. ulrichi | Upper member. [2] | ||||
O. undulatus | Upper member. [2] | ||||
Ozarkodina | O. aff. O. hassi | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | |||
Panderodus | P. gracilis | Lower part and upper member of the formation. [2] | |||
P. aff. P. gracilis | Uppermost lower and upper members. [2] | ||||
P. staufferi | Lower part and upper member of the formation. [2] | ||||
Paroistodus | P. mutatus | Lower part of the formation. [2] | Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation. | ||
Periodon | P. grandis | Lower part of the formation. [2] | Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation. | ||
Phragmodus | P. undatus | Lower part and upper member of the formation. [2] | Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation. | ||
Plectodina | P. inclinata | Upper member at southern Georgian Bay. [2] | |||
P. tenuis | Lower part and upper member of the formation. [2] | ||||
Pseudobelodina | P. inclinata | Upper member, Manitoulin Island. [2] | |||
P. cf. P. kirki | Upper member, Manitoulin Island. [2] | ||||
P. microdentata | Manitoulin Island. [2] | ||||
P. quadrata | Upper member,Manitoulin Island. [2] | ||||
P. vulgaris vulgaris | Upper member,Manitoulin Island. [2] | ||||
Pseudooneotodus | P. beckmanni | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | |||
Rhipidognathus | R. symmetricus | Upper part of the formation. [2] | |||
Staufferella | S. falcata | Lower member at southern Georgian Bay. [2] | |||
Walliserodus | W. curvatus | Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry. [2] | |||
Zanclodus | Z. sp. | Upper member. [2] |
Arthropods | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Orcanopterus | O. manitoulinensis | Kangawong Submember, Manitoulin Island. [5] | A eurypterid. |
Brachiopods | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Kinnella | K. laurentiana | Lower Kagawong Submember. [6] | An orthide. | ||
Other animals | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
Curviconophorus | C. andersoni | Scleritomous metazoan. [7] | |||
The Cheltenham Badlands are in Caledon, Ontario, on the southeast side of Olde Base Line Road, between Creditview and Chinguacousy Roads. The site occupies an area of approximately 0.4 square kilometers and features exposed and highly eroded Queenston shale. The Cheltenham Badlands are a significant educational site due to the readily visible geologic processes and the red colour and the unique topography of the exposed shale make this a popular tourist site. The site is a Provincial Earth Sciences Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) since it is considered one of the best examples of "badlands topography" in Ontario.
Paleontology in Oklahoma refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Oklahoma has a rich fossil record spanning all three eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. Oklahoma is the best source of Pennsylvanian fossils in the United States due to having an exceptionally complete geologic record of the epoch. From the Cambrian to the Devonian, all of Oklahoma was covered by a sea that would come to be home to creatures like brachiopods, bryozoans, graptolites and trilobites. During the Carboniferous, an expanse of coastal deltaic swamps formed in areas of the state where early tetrapods would leave behind footprints that would later fossilize. The sea withdrew altogether during the Permian period. Oklahoma was home a variety of insects as well as early amphibians and reptiles. Oklahoma stayed dry for most of the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, carnivorous dinosaurs left behind footprints that would later fossilize. During the Cretaceous, however, the state was mostly covered by the Western Interior Seaway, which was home to huge ammonites and other marine invertebrates. During the Cenozoic, Oklahoma became home to creatures like bison, camels, creodonts, and horses. During the Ice Age, the state was home to mammoths and mastodons. Local Native Americans are known to have used fossils for medicinal purposes. The Jurassic dinosaur Saurophaganax maximus is the Oklahoma state fossil.
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David Christopher Evans is a Canadian palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist who specializes in the evolution and paleobiology of Cretaceous dinosaurs in western North America. He received his B.Sc. from the University of British Columbia and his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. He is a fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS) and a member of the Royal Society of Canada and currently serves as the Senior Curator and Temerty Chair of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada. He is also a faculty member in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto. Evans is particularly renowned for his work on the paleobiology of hadrosaur ("duck-billed") dinosaurs and has conducted international research on a wide variety of paleontological topics.
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