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 Germany |  New Zealand |
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The importance of the relations between Germany and New Zealand centers on the history of German migration to New Zealand. Approximately 200,000 New Zealanders are of German descent, and many German tourists visit New Zealand each year. [1] Both nations are members of the Australia Group, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The first German migrants to arrive to New Zealand took place circa 1842. [2] Between 1843 and 1914 around 10,000 arrived, mainly from northern Germany. [1] During World War I, New Zealand declared war on Germany in August 1914 following Great Britains declaration of war. [3] Soon after declaring war, New Zealand sent an expeditionary force and occupied the German Samoan islands. New Zealand soldiers also fought against German troops at the Western Front. Back in New Zealand, the government interned many Germans as enemy aliens on Somes Island and Motuihe Island. [4]
In World War II, New Zealand was one of the first countries to declare war on Germany, on 3 September 1939, the third day of the German invasion of Poland. [5] New Zealand soldiers (as part of the British Empire) fought against German forces during the Battle of Greece, Battle of Crete, Western Desert campaign, Tunisian campaign and the Italian campaign. The New Zealand Māori Battalion also partook in the war following in the footsteps of the Māori Pioneer Battalion that had served during the First World War.[ citation needed ]
In 1953 West Germany and New Zealand established diplomatic relations. [6] After the German reunification in 1990, New Zealand continued to maintain diplomatic relations with Germany. Since Germany and New Zealand established diplomatic relations, both countries have developed a partnership marked by close mutual trust. This partnership is based on shared interests and values and it has often made the two countries like-minded partners in international affairs, trade, research and cultural exchange. Both nations have cultivated good relations with numerous high-level visits such as German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s visit to New Zealand in 2014 and New Zealand's Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's visit to Germany in April 2018. [7]
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High-level visits from Germany to New Zealand
High-level visits from New Zealand to Germany
In 2019, trade between Germany and New Zealand totaled US$4 billion. [8] Germany's main exports to New Zealand include: motor vehicles; mechanical machinery and equipment; pharmaceutical products and electrical machinery. New Zealand's main exports to Germany include: meat; optical and medical equipment; fruit; casein; fish and wool. [8]
The German Embassy in Wellington (German: Deutsche Botschaft Wellington) is Germany's diplomatic mission to New Zealand. It is located at 90–92 Hobson Street, Thorndon, Wellington, New Zealand. The German ambassador to New Zealand has been Stefan Krawielicki since 2019. [9]
The Embassy of New Zealand in Berlin is the diplomatic representation of New Zealand in the Federal Republic of Germany. The building in which the embassy is located on the fourth floor can be found at Friedrichstrasse 60 (the name of the building is "Atrium") on the corner of Leipziger Strasse. [10] The current[ when? ] ambassador is Craig Hawke.[ citation needed ]
The embassy offers consular services for New Zealanders in Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and the Czech Republic and is also the contact point for citizens from these countries in embassy matters. [10]
Foreign relations between neighbouring countries Australia and New Zealand, also referred to as Trans-Tasman relations, are extremely close. Both countries share a British colonial heritage as antipodean Dominions and settler colonies, and both are part of the core Anglosphere. New Zealand sent representatives to the constitutional conventions which led to the uniting of the six Australian colonies but opted not to join. In the Boer War and in both world wars, New Zealand soldiers fought alongside Australian soldiers. In recent years the Closer Economic Relations free trade agreement and its predecessors have inspired ever-converging economic integration. Despite some shared similarities, the cultures of Australia and New Zealand also have their own sets of differences and there are sometimes differences of opinion which some have declared as symptomatic of sibling rivalry. This often centres upon sports and in commercio-economic tensions, such as those arising from the failure of Ansett Australia and those engendered by the formerly long-standing Australian ban on New Zealand apple imports.
Israel–New Zealand relations are the foreign relations between the State of Israel and New Zealand. While Israel has an embassy in Wellington, New Zealand's embassy in Ankara, Turkey is accredited to the Israel. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date back to January 1949. New Zealand has exported a mixture of agricultural and manufactured goods to Israel. In return, Israel has exported a range of manufactured goods to New Zealand. Bilateral relations between the two countries have been complicated by issues such as the 2004 Israel–New Zealand passport scandal, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334, and the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Germany–Israel relations are the diplomatic relationship between the Federal Republic of Germany and the State of Israel. After the end of World War II and the Holocaust, relations gradually thawed as West Germany offered to pay reparations to Israel in 1952 and diplomatic relations were officially established in 1965. Nonetheless, a deep mistrust of the German people remained widespread in Israel and the Jewish diaspora communities worldwide for many years after. Relations between East Germany and Israel never materialised. Israel and Germany now maintain a "special relationship" based on shared beliefs, Western values, and a combination of historical perspectives. Among the most important factors in their relations is Nazi Germany's genocide of Jews in Europe during the Holocaust.
German–Turkish relations have their beginnings in the times of the Ottoman Empire and they have culminated in the development of strong bonds with many facets that include economic, military, cultural and social relations. With Turkey as a candidate for the European Union, of which Germany is the largest member, and the existence of a significant Turkish diaspora in Germany, these relations have become more and more intertwined over the decades. Relations with Turkey significantly deteriorated after the 2016–17 Turkish purges including the arrest of journalists such as Die Welt's Deniz Yücel. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO. Germany opposes Turkey's European Union membership.
The China–New Zealand relations, sometimes known as Sino–New Zealand relations, are the relations between China and New Zealand. New Zealand recognised the Republic of China after it lost the Chinese Civil War and retreated to Taiwan in 1949, but switched recognition to the People's Republic of China on 22 December 1972. Since then, economic, cultural, and political relations between the two countries have grown over the past four decades. China is New Zealand's largest trading partner in goods and second largest trading partner in services. In 2008, New Zealand became the first developed country to enter into a free trade agreement with China. In recent years, New Zealand's extensive economic relations with China have been complicated by its security ties to the United States.
France–New Zealand relations are the international relations between New Zealand and France. Relations between France and New Zealand have been rocky at times, but more recently have become much closer. Bilateral relations have been generally good since World War I and World War II, with both countries working closely during the conflicts, but the relationship was severely jeopardised by the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior in Auckland on 10 July 1985 by French Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) agents.
New Zealand–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between New Zealand and the Russian Federation. New Zealand has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Vladivostok. Russia has an embassy in Wellington. Both countries are members of APEC. Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, relations became very tense after New Zealand imposed sanctions against Russia. Russia placed New Zealand on a list of "unfriendly countries", along with Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the United States, European Union members, NATO members, Australia, Switzerland, Micronesia and Ukraine.
Dame Jacinda Kate Laurell Ardern is a New Zealand former politician who served as the 40th prime minister of New Zealand and leader of the Labour Party from 2017 to 2023. She was a Labour member of Parliament (MP) as a list MP from 2008 to 2017, and for Mount Albert from 2017 to 2023.
The diplomatic relations between Ireland and New Zealand are well developed. Both nations are members of the Australia Group, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Diplomatic relations between Argentina and New Zealand, have existed for decades. Both nations are mutual members of the Cairns Group and the United Nations.
New Zealand–Papua New Guinea relations refers to the diplomatic relations between New Zealand and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Pacific Islands Forum and the United Nations.
Mexico–New Zealand relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and New Zealand. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Brazil–New Zealand relations are the diplomatic relations between Brazil and New Zealand. Both nations are members of the Cairns Group and the United Nations.
New Zealand–Poland relations are the bilateral relations between New Zealand and Poland. Both nations are members of the Australia Group, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Egypt–New Zealand refers to the current and historical relations between Egypt and New Zealand.
New Zealand and Samoa have had close relations based on a treaty of friendship between the two countries since Samoa became independent in 1962. New Zealand administered Samoa under a League of Nations mandate then a United Nations trusteeship from 1920 to 1961. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Pacific Islands Forum.
New Zealand–Tonga relations refers to the diplomatic relations between New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, Pacific Islands Forum and the United Nations.
Ethiopia–Germany relations are bilateral relations between Ethiopia and Germany. Traditionally, they have closest diplomatic relations characterized by friendly relations. The two countries established their embassies on 7 March 1905, and in 1907 by order of Emperor Menelik II, the German embassy moved in the current site in Addis Ababa. Both enjoyed favored relations and visited each other's countries on numerous occasions. Germany has an embassy in Addis Ababa and Ethiopia has an embassy in Berlin.
New Zealand–Ukraine relations are the foreign relations between New Zealand and Ukraine. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, New Zealand formally established diplomatic relations with Ukraine in March 1992. The two countries subsequently expanded diplomatic contacts and economic relations over the next three decades. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, New Zealand supported Ukraine by condemning Russia's actions and providing diplomatic and military assistance.
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