Airbus A321

Last updated

A321
Logo Airbus A321.svg
Airbus A321-231(w) 'N915US' American Airlines (28442733186).jpg
An A321-200 of American Airlines, the largest operator
General information
Type Narrow-body jet airliner
National originMultinational [a]
Manufacturer Airbus
StatusIn service
Primary users American Airlines
Number built3,295 as of 31 October 2024 [1]
History
Manufactured1992–2021 (A321ceo) 2012–present (A321neo)
Introduction date27 January 1994 with Lufthansa
First flight11 March 1993
Developed from Airbus A320
Developed into Airbus A320neo
Airbus A321neo

The Airbus A321 is a member of the Airbus A320 family of short to medium range, narrow-body, commercial passenger twin engine jet airliners; [b] it carries 185 to 236 passengers. It has a stretched fuselage which was the first derivative of the baseline A320 and entered service in 1994, about six years after the original A320. The aircraft shares a common type rating with all other Airbus A320-family variants, allowing A320-family pilots to fly the aircraft without the need for further training.

Contents

In December 2010, Airbus announced a new generation of the A320 family, the A320neo (new engine option). [2] The similarly lengthened fuselage A321neo variant offers new, more efficient engines, combined with airframe improvements and the addition of winglets (called Sharklets by Airbus). The aircraft delivers fuel savings of up to 15%. The A321neo carries up to 244 passengers, with a maximum range of 4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) for the long-range version when carrying no more than 206 passengers. [3]

Final assembly of the aircraft takes place in Hamburg, Germany, Mobile, Alabama, United States, Tianjin, China, [4] and Toulouse, France. [5] As of October 2024, a total of 3,295 A321 airliners have been delivered, of which 3,216 are in service. In addition, another 5,276 A321neo aircraft are on firm order. American Airlines is the largest operator of the Airbus A321 with 298 examples in its fleet. [1]

Development

The A321 entered service in January 1994 with Lufthansa; seen here is an A321-100. Lufthansa.a321-100.d-aire.arp.jpg
The A321 entered service in January 1994 with Lufthansa; seen here is an A321-100.

The Airbus A321 was the first derivative of the A320, also known as the Stretched A320, A320-500 and A325. [6] [7] Its launch came on 24 November 1988, around the same time as the A320 entered service, after commitments for 183 aircraft from 10 customers were secured. [6] [8]

An Airbus A321 on final assembly line 3 in the Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder plant A321 final assembly (9351765668).jpg
An Airbus A321 on final assembly line 3 in the Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder plant

The maiden flight of the Airbus A321 came on 11 March 1993, when the prototype, registration F-WWIA, flew with IAE V2500 engines; the second prototype, equipped with CFM56-5B turbofans, flew in May 1993. Lufthansa and Alitalia were the first to order the stretched Airbuses, with 20 and 40 aircraft requested, respectively. The first of Lufthansa's V2500-A5-powered A321s arrived on 27 January 1994, while Alitalia received its first CFM56-5B-powered aircraft on 22 March 1994. [9] The A321-100 entered service in January 1994 with Lufthansa. [10]

Final assembly for the A321 was carried out in Germany (then West Germany), a first for any Airbus. [11] This came after a dispute between the French, who claimed that the move would incur $150 million (€135 million) in unnecessary expenditure associated with the new plant, [6] and the Germans, who claimed that it would be more productive for Airbus in the long run. The second production line was located in Hamburg, which later produced the smaller Airbus A319 and A318. For the first time, Airbus entered the bond market, through which it raised $480 million (€475 million) to finance development costs. [8] An additional $180 million (€175 million) was borrowed from European Investment Bank and private investors. [12]

The A321 is the largest variant of the A320 family. [13] [3] The A321-200's length exceeds 44.5 m (146 ft), increasing maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) to 93,000 kg (205,000 lb). [6] Wingspan remained unchanged, supplementing various wingtip devices. Two suppliers provided turbofan engines for the A321: CFM International with its CFM56 and International Aero Engines with the V2500 engine, both in the thrust range of 133–147 kN (30,000–33,000 lbf).

Over 30 years since launch, the A321 MTOW grew by 20% from the 83 t (183,000 lb) -100 to the 101 t (223,000 lb) A321XLR, seating became 10% more dense with 244 seats, up by 24, and range doubled from 2,300 to 4,700 nmi (4,300 to 8,700 km; 2,600 to 5,400 mi). [14] By 2019, 4,200 had been ordered—one-quarter of all Airbus single-aisles—including 2,400 neos, one-third of all A320neo orders. [14]

Design

The A321 has double-slotted flaps. Airbus A321-..., Lufthansa AN0620267.jpg
The A321 has double-slotted flaps.

The Airbus A321 is a narrow-body (single-aisle) aircraft with a retractable tricycle landing gear, powered by two wing pylon-mounted turbofan engines. It is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit having a single vertical stabilizer and rudder. Changes from the A320 include a fuselage stretch and some modifications to the wing. The fuselage was lengthened by a 4.27 m (14 ft 0 in) plug ahead of the wing and a 2.67 m (8 ft 9 in) plug behind it, making the A321 6.94 m (22 ft 9 in) longer than the A320. [3] [13] [6] [15] The length increase required the overwing window exits of the A320 to be converted into door exits and repositioned in front of and behind the wings. [9] To maintain performance, double-slotted flaps and minor trailing edge modifications were included, [6] increasing the wing area from 124 m2 (1,330 sq ft) to 128 m2 (1,380 sq ft). [16] The centre fuselage and undercarriage were reinforced to accommodate a 9,600 kg (21,200 lb) increase in maximum takeoff weight, taking it to 83,000 kg (183,000 lb). [6]

Variants

Airbus A32X family Airbus A32X family v1.0.png
Airbus A32X family
The A320's overwing exits were replaced by type 'C' doors in front of and behind the wings for the A321, although some A321neos with the Cabin Flex arrangement kept the overwing exits. N162UW (45250787704).jpg
The A320's overwing exits were replaced by type 'C' doors in front of and behind the wings for the A321, although some A321neos with the Cabin Flex arrangement kept the overwing exits.

A321-100

The original derivative of the A321, the A321-100, had shorter range than the A320 because no extra fuel tank was added to compensate for the increased weight. The MTOW of the A321-100 is 83,000 kg (183,000 lb). The A321-100 entered service with Lufthansa in 1994. Only about 90 were produced; a few were later converted to the A321-200 variant.[ citation needed ]

A321-200

Airbus began development of the heavier and longer-range A321-200 in 1995 to give the A321 full-passenger transcontinental US range. This was achieved through higher thrust engines (V2533-A5 or CFM56-5B3), minor structural strengthening, and an increase in fuel capacity with the installation of one or two optional 2,990 L (790 US gal) tanks in the rear underfloor hold. [15] The additional fuel tanks increased the total capacity to 30,030 L (7,930 US gal). These modifications also increased the maximum takeoff weight of the A321-200 to 93,000 kg (205,000 lb). This variant first flew in December 1996, and entered service with Monarch Airlines in April 1997. The following month, Middle East Airlines received its first A321-200 in May 1997. Its direct competitors include the 757-200 and the 737-900/900ER.

A321neo

The A321neo has larger CFM LEAP or PW1000G turbofans. This Turkish Airlines A321neo has PW1000G engines. Tc-lsa (42253295235).jpg
The A321neo has larger CFM LEAP or PW1000G turbofans. This Turkish Airlines A321neo has PW1000G engines.

On 1 December 2010, Airbus launched the A320neo family (neo for New Engine Option ) with 500 nmi (930 km; 580 mi) more range and 15% better fuel efficiency, thanks to new CFM International LEAP-1A or Pratt & Whitney PW1000G engines and large sharklets. [17] The lengthened A321neo prototype made its first flight on 9 February 2016. [18] It received its type certification on 15 December 2016. [19] The first entered service in May 2017 with Virgin America. [20]

A321LR

An Arkia A321LR in 2019 4X-AGK Independence Day 09-05-2019b.jpg
An Arkia A321LR in 2019

In October 2014, Airbus started marketing a longer range 97 t (214,000 lb) maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) variant with three auxiliary fuel tanks, giving it 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) more operational range than a Boeing 757-200. [21]

Airbus launched the A321LR (Long Range) on 13 January 2015; it has a range of 4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) with 206 seats in two classes. [22] [23] On 31 January 2018, the variant completed its first flight. [24]

Airbus announced its certification on 2 October 2018. [25] On 13 November 2018, Arkia received the first A321LR. [26]

A321XLR

The A321XLR is an A321LR variant with a further increased MTOW [27] intended to compete with the Boeing NMA, [28] which has since been put on hold.

The variant was launched at the June 2019 Paris Air Show, with a range of 4,700 nmi (8,700 km; 5,400 mi). It included a new permanent Rear Centre Tank (RCT) for more fuel, a strengthened landing gear for a 101 t (223,000 lb) MTOW and an optimised wing trailing-edge flap configuration to preserve take-off performance. [29]

In June 2022, the A321XLR completed its first flight. [30] Iberia was scheduled to be the launch customer. The first A321XLR was delivered to Iberia on October 30, 2024. [31] The first flight with passengers was on November 6, 2024. [32] [33] The first long-haul flight with passengers was on 14 November 2024, from Madrid to Boston. [34]

Freighter conversion

While no freighter version of the A321 has been built new by Airbus, a first attempt of converting used A320/321 into freighter aircraft was undertaken by Airbus Freighter Conversion GmbH. The program, however, was canceled in 2011 before any aircraft were converted. [35]

On 17 June 2015, ST Aerospace signed agreements with Airbus and EFW for a collaboration to launch the A320/A321 passenger-to-freighter (P2F) conversion programme. [36] The initial converted aircraft first flew on 22 January 2020. On 27 October 2020, the first A321-200P2F was delivered to launch operator Qantas Freight. [37]

The A321-200PCF is a passenger to freighter conversion, developed by Precision Conversions and certificated in 2021.

Sine Draco Aviation also offers an A321 passenger-to-freighter conversion programme; its first conversion is expected for the first quarter of 2022. [38]

On 15 March 2022, Lufthansa Cargo started to operate its A321F, a cargo variant of the A321. [39]

Operators

As of October 2024, 3,216 Airbus A321 aircraft (1705 ceo+1511 neo) were in service with more than 100 operators. [1] American Airlines and Delta Air Lines operate the largest A321 fleets of 298 and 194 aircraft, respectively. [1]

Orders and deliveries

TypeOrdersDeliveries
TotalBacklogTotal202420232022202120202019201820172016201520142013201220112010
A321ceo1,784—1,784———2293899183222184150102836651
A321neo6,7875,2761,51126331726419917816810220———————
(A321)(8,571)(5,276)(3,295)(263)(317)(264)(221)(187)(206)(201)(203)(222)(184)(150)(102)(83)(66)(51)
TypeDeliveries
2009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994
A321ceo87665130173533354928333522162216
A321neo————————————————
(A321)(87)(66)(51)(30)(17)(35)(33)(35)(49)(28)(33)(35)(22)(16)(22)(16)

Data as of October 2024 [1] [40]

Accidents and incidents

For the Airbus A321, 32 aviation accidents and incidents have occurred, [41] including six hull-loss accidents or criminal occurrences with a total of 377 fatalities as of August 2019. [42] [43]

Specifications

Engines

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. ↑ The Airbus A321 is built in Hamburg, Germany and Mobile, Alabama, United States
  2. ↑ Airbus was originally a consortium of European aerospace companies named, Airbus Industrie, and is now fully owned by Airbus, originally named EADS. Airbus' name has been Airbus SAS since 2001.
  3. ↑ no additional centre tank
  4. ↑ with sharklets
  5. ↑ 0–2 additional centre tank [51]
  6. ↑ 0–3 additional centre tank
  7. ↑ sharklets, typical passengers and bags
  8. ↑ with 206 passengers

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing 737</span> Single-aisle airliner family by Boeing

The Boeing 737 is an American narrow-body airliner produced by Boeing at its Renton factory in Washington. Developed to supplement the Boeing 727 on short and thin routes, the twinjet retained the 707 fuselage width and six abreast seating but with two underwing Pratt & Whitney JT8D low-bypass turbofan engines. Envisioned in 1964, the initial 737-100 made its first flight in April 1967 and entered service in February 1968 with Lufthansa. The lengthened 737-200 entered service in April 1968, and evolved through four generations, offering several variants for 85 to 215 passengers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus A319</span> Airliner, shortened variant of the A320 family

The Airbus A319 is a member of the Airbus A320 family of short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger twin-engine jet airliners manufactured by Airbus. The A319 carries 124 to 156 passengers and has a maximum range of 3,700 nmi. Final assembly of the aircraft takes place in Hamburg, Germany and Tianjin, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus A320 family</span> European airliner family

The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus. The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France. The first member of the family was followed by the stretched A321, the shorter A319, and the even shorter A318 . Final assembly takes place in Toulouse in France; Hamburg in Germany; Tianjin in China since 2009; and Mobile, Alabama in the United States since April 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azores Airlines</span> Portuguese airline

Azores Airlines, previously known as SATA Internacional, is a Portuguese airline based in the municipality of Ponta Delgada, on the island of São Miguel in the autonomous archipelago of the Azores. A subsidiary of SATA Air Açores, the airline operates as the international arm of the regional network, connecting the archipelago intercontinentally from its hub at João Paulo II Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus A318</span> Airliner, part of the A320 family

The Airbus A318 is the smallest and least numerous variant airliner of the Airbus A320 family. The A318 carries 107 to 132 passengers and has a maximum range of 5,750 kilometres. Final assembly of the aircraft took place in Hamburg, Germany. It is intended primarily for short-range service.

Cebu Air, Inc., operating as Cebu Pacific, is a Philippine low-cost airline based at Pasay in Metro Manila. Founded in 1988, it is Asia's first low-cost airline and the Philippines' largest airline. It offers scheduled flights to both domestic and international destinations. The airline operates flights from five bases in Cebu, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, and its largest base in Manila.

Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd, trading as Jetstar, is an Australian low-cost airline headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas, created in response to the threat posed by the airline Virgin Blue. Jetstar is part of Qantas' two-brand strategy of having Qantas Airways for the premium full-service market and Jetstar for the low-cost market. As of June 2015, Jetstar was carrying 8.5% of all passengers travelling in and out of Australia.

Middle East Airlines – Air Liban S.A.L., more commonly known as Middle East Airlines (MEA), is the flag carrier of Lebanon, with its head office in Beirut, near Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport. It operates scheduled international flights to Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from its base at Rafic Hariri International Airport.

Aegean Airlines S.A. is the flag carrier of Greece and the largest Greek airline by total number of passengers carried, by number of destinations served, and by fleet size. A Star Alliance member since June 2010, it operates scheduled and charter services from Athens and Thessaloniki to other major Greek, European and Middle Eastern destinations. Its main hubs are Athens International Airport in Athens, Macedonia International Airport in Thessaloniki and Larnaca International Airport in Cyprus. It also uses other Greek airports as bases, some of which are seasonal. It has its head office in Kifisia, a suburb of Athens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Air Arabia</span> Low-cost airline in the United Arab Emirates

Air Arabia is an Emirati low-cost airline with its head office in the A1 Building Sharjah Freight Center, Sharjah International Airport, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The airline operates scheduled services to 170 destinations in the Middle East, North Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, and Europe to 22 countries from Sharjah, 28 destinations in 9 countries from Casablanca, Fez, Nador, and Tangier, 11 destinations in 8 countries from Ras Al Khaimah, and 6 destinations in 4 countries from Alexandria. Air Arabia's main base is Sharjah International Airport. There are also operating bases in Ras Al Khaimah and Abu Dhabi as well as in Alexandria and Casablanca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narrow-body aircraft</span> Airliner with a single aisle

A narrow-body aircraft or single-aisle aircraft is an airliner arranged along a single aisle, permitting up to 6-abreast seating in a cabin less than 4 metres (13 ft) in width. In contrast, a wide-body aircraft is a larger airliner usually configured with multiple aisles and a fuselage diameter of more than 5 metres (16 ft), allowing at least seven-abreast seating and often more travel classes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus Corporate Jets</span> Business unit of Airbus that sells corporate jet variants of parents airliner range

Airbus Corporate Jets (ACJ) is a business unit of Airbus which markets and completes business jet variants of the company’s airliners. Following the entry of the 737-based Boeing Business Jet into the market, Airbus introduced the A319-based Airbus Corporate Jet in 1997. Although the term Airbus Corporate Jet was initially used only for the A319CJ, it is now used for all models in a VIP configuration. As of June 2019, 213 corporate and private jets are operating; 222 aircraft have been ordered, including 128 A320 family jets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus A321neo</span> 2010s narrow-body airliner by Airbus

The Airbus A321neo is a single-aisle airliner created by Airbus. The A321neo is developed from the Airbus A321 and Airbus A320neo family. It is the longest stretched fuselage of Airbus's A320 series, and the newest version of the A321, with the original A321ceo entering service in 1994 with Lufthansa. It typically seats 180 to 220 passengers in a two-class configuration, with up to 244 passengers in a high-density arrangement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airbus A320neo family</span> Airliner family, series of improvements across the A320 family

The Airbus A320neo family is an incremental development of the A320 family of narrow-body airliners produced by Airbus. The A320neo family is based on the enhanced variant of the previous generation A319, A320, and A321, which was then retrospectively renamed the A320ceo family.

Philippine Airlines is composed of wide-body and narrow-body aircraft from five families : Airbus A320ceo family, Airbus A321neo, Airbus A330, Airbus A350, and Boeing 777.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle of the market</span> Segment of airline market

The middle of the market, often abbreviated MoM, is the airliner market between the narrowbody and the widebody aircraft, a market segmentation used by Boeing Commercial Airplanes since at least 2003. Both Airbus and Boeing produce aircraft that serve this segment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing New Midsize Airplane</span> Proposed aircraft to fill the middle of the market segment

The New Midsize Airplane (NMA), or New Midsize Aircraft, is a concept airliner proposed by Boeing to fill the middle of the market segment.

JetSMART Airlines SpA, stylized as JetSMART, is a South American ultra low-cost carrier created by US investment fund Indigo Partners, which also controls low-cost carriers like US airline Frontier Airlines, Mexico's Volaris and Hungary's Wizz Air. JetSmart's primary base of operations is Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, servicing Santiago, Chile. It also owns and manages JetSmart Argentina, an Argentine subsidiary with a base at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in Buenos Aires. The airline commenced scheduled operations on 25 July 2017 with a service from Santiago to Calama. Its CEO and founder is Estuardo Ortiz Porras.

This is a list of aviation-related events in 2019.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Airbus Orders & Deliveries". Airbus. 31 October 2024. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  2. ↑ "Airbus offers new fuel saving engine options for A320 Family". Airbus. 1 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "A321 specifications". Airbus. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  4. ↑ "Airbus Final Assembly Line Asia assembles its first A321 aircraft". Airbus. Airbus. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  5. ↑ "Airbus delivers first aircraft from new Toulouse Final Assembly Line - an A321neo to Pegasus Airlines". Airbus. Airbus. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). Airbus. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing. pp. 50–53. ISBN   0-7603-0677-X.
  7. ↑ Laming, Tim; Hewson, Robert (2000). Airbus A320. Zenith Imprint. p. 23. ISBN   0-7603-0902-7. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  8. 1 2 Reed, Arthur (1992). Airbus: Europe's High Flyer. Zürich, Switzerland: Norden Publishing House. p. 84. ISBN   3-907150-10-4.
  9. 1 2 Eden, Paul E., ed. (2008). Civil Aircraft Today. London: Amber Books. p. 25. ISBN   978-1-905704-86-6.
  10. ↑ "So wurde Norddeutschland mit dem Airbus A321 zur Boomregion des Flugzeugbaus". stern.de (in German). 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  11. ↑ Sebdon, Gilbert (7 February 1990). "A321 victory for West Germany". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  12. ↑ Norris & Wagner 1999 , p. 52
  13. 1 2 "Specifications Airbus A320". Airbus. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  14. 1 2 Max Kingsley Jones (15 July 2019). "The incredible evolution of Airbus's biggest single-aisle". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  15. 1 2 Gunston, Bill (2009). Airbus: The Complete Story. Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK: Haynes Publishing. pp. 213–215. ISBN   978-1-84425-585-6.
  16. ↑ Moxon; Julian (17 March 1993). "A321: Taking on the 757". Flight International. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  17. ↑ "Airbus offers new fuel saving engine options for A320 Family" (Press release). Airbus. 1 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  18. ↑ "Airbus A321neo completes first flight after engine switch". Reuters. 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  19. ↑ "Airbus A321neo with P&W engines receives Type Certification" (Press release). Airbus. 15 December 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  20. ↑ Aaron Karp (20 April 2017). "Virgin America receives first A321neo as Alaska mulls future fleet". Air Transport World. Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  21. ↑ "Exclusive: Airbus launches "A321neoLR" long range to replace 757-200W". Leeham News. 21 October 2014. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  22. ↑ "Airbus Launches Long-Range A321neo". Aviation International News. 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  23. ↑ "Airbus Launches Long-Range A321neo Version". Aviation Week . 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  24. ↑ "Airbus A321LR long-range jet completes maiden flight". Reuters. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  25. ↑ "EASA and FAA certify long-range capability for A321neo" (Press release). Airbus. 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  26. ↑ David Kaminski Morrow (13 November 2018). "Arkia chief: A321LR first single-aisle to beat 757-300 economics". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  27. ↑ Jens Flottau (31 January 2018). "Airbus Studying Higher-Capacity A321neo". Aviation Week Network. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  28. ↑ Jens Flottau; Guy Norris (20 July 2018). "Airbus Moves Ahead With A321XLR Definition". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  29. ↑ "Airbus launches longest range single-aisle airliner: the A321XLR" (Press release). Airbus. 17 June 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  30. ↑ O'Connor, Kate (17 June 2022). "Airbus A321XLR Completes First Flight". AVweb. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  31. ↑ "Airbus delivers first A321XLR to Iberia". 30 October 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  32. ↑ "Flight history for aircraft - EC-OIL" . Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  33. ↑ "Iberia completes first A321XLR commercial flight" . Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  34. ↑ "Iberia launches world's first A321XLR".
  35. ↑ "Strong demand for used Airbus A320 aircraft drives joint decision to stop freighter conversion programme" (Press release). Airbus. 3 June 2011.
  36. ↑ "ST Aerospace, Airbus and EFW to launch A320 and A321P2F conversion programme" (Press release). ST Aerospace. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  37. ↑ Chris Buckett (27 October 2020). "World's first A321P2F enters service". AirwaysMagazine. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  38. ↑ "The A321-200 SDF advantage". sinedraco.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  39. ↑ "A321F - Lufthansa Cargo". lufthansa-cargo.com. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  40. ↑ "Historical Orders and Deliveries 1974–2009". Airbus S.A.S. January 2010. Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  41. ↑ Airbus A321 occurrences Archived 31 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine . Aviation Safety, 3 October 2017.
  42. ↑ Airbus A321 hull-loss occurrences Archived 31 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine . Aviation Safety, 3 October 2017.
  43. ↑ A321 accident statistics Archived 31 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine . Aviation Safety, 3 October 2017.
  44. ↑ "Airbus Family figures" (PDF). Airbus. July 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  45. 1 2 "All About the Airbus A320 Family". Airbus. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  46. ↑ "Airbus Launches Long-Range A321neo Version". Aviation Week. 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  47. ↑ "A321ceo specs". Airbus. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  48. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (24 April 2014). "Airbus indicates potential for 240-seat A321neo". Flight Global. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  49. ↑ "Airbus reveals new A321neo layout: New 'Cabin-Flex' and larger doors". Australian business traveller. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  50. ↑ "Airbus Aircraft Data File". Civil Jet Aircraft Design. Elsevier. July 1999. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  51. 1 2 "A321 aircraft characteristics - airport and maintenance planning" (PDF). Airbus. 1 February 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  52. 1 2 3 4 "Type Certificate Data Sheet" (PDF). EASA. 22 February 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  53. ↑ "Airbus A320neo Technology". Airbus. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016.
  54. ↑ "Airbus A321XLR". Airbus. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.