Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma

Last updated

EC225 Super Puma
H225
Airbus Helicopters H225 Super Puma Helimer 401 (cropped).jpg
A Spanish Maritime Safety Agency EC225 at A Coruña Airport
General information
TypePassenger transport helicopter
National originMultinational
Manufacturer Eurocopter
Airbus Helicopters
Primary user CHC Helicopter [1]
Number built170+(as of 2016) [2]
History
Manufactured1999–present
Introduction dateDecember 2004
First flight27 November 2000
Developed from Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma
Variants Eurocopter EC725

The Airbus Helicopters H225 (formerly Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma) is a long-range passenger transport helicopter developed by Eurocopter as the next generation of the civilian Super Puma family. It is a twin-engined aircraft and can carry up to 24 passengers along with two crew and a cabin attendant, dependent on customer configuration. The helicopter is marketed for offshore support and VIP passenger transport duties, as well as public service missions.

Contents

The civil-orientated EC225 has a military counterpart, which was originally designated as the Eurocopter EC725; it was rebranded in 2015 as the H225M. In 2015, the EC225 was formally renamed to the H225, in line with Eurocopter's corporate rebranding as Airbus Helicopters. [3]

Development

In the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis, oil and gas companies began exploration and extraction activities farther offshore, thus creating a long-term need for more capable rotary aircraft. [4] The development of the EC225, an enlarged variant of the AS332 Super Puma, was announced by Eurocopter in June 1998. The principal differences of the EC225 from the preceding AS332 are the adoption of Spheriflex rotor technology and new Turbomeca Makila 2A turboshaft engines, along with a redesigned main gearbox to accommodate the rotor and engine changes, and the addition of an integrated flight display system; these changes resulted in higher speeds and passenger comfort, as well as greater flight safety and reduced operating costs. [5]

On 27 November 2000, the first prototype performed its maiden flight. In July 2004, the type received its airworthiness certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency. [5] In December 2015, the H225, a new designation used for the EC225, received certification from the Interstate Aviation Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States; this made the H225 the first foreign heavy-lift helicopter to become certified in Russia. [6]

In February 2014, Airbus Helicopters announced at Heli-Expo 2014 the development of an improved variant, the EC225e. The EC225e features numerous changes including new avionics systems, such as the TCAS II collision avoidance system, an automatic identification system, and a specialized rig-approach system; it was also intended to feature an improved Turbomeca Makila 2B engine to increase the EC225e's maximum takeoff weight by 550 kg, and an additional fuel tank in the rear baggage compartment to extend its range to 300 nautical miles with up to ten passengers on board. Some, but not all, modifications can be retrofitted onto existing EC225s. [7] [8] In the same announcement, in February 2014, Lease Corporation International said that they had placed a $645 million order for 15 EC225e (along with 6 Airbus Helicopters EC175) helicopters as the launch customer. [9] In February 2016, the Makila 2B engine was dropped from the EC225e as a cost reduction measure, development of the other structural and avionics aspects is proceeding. [10]

In 2015, Airbus Helicopters announced at the Paris Air Show that it had begun development of a clean-sheet successor to the EC225, initially designated Airbus Helicopters X6, [11] but development was stopped in early 2018. The EC225's production line is projected to continue manufacturing activity until at least 2030. [12]

Design

Partially-assembled EC225 at Marseille, France, 2007 An unpainted EC 225 of 725 at Eurocopters Marseille Marignane Facility May 2007.jpg
Partially-assembled EC225 at Marseille, France, 2007

The EC225 is based on the Eurocopter AS332L2 Super Puma, improving upon the design with a five-blade main rotor incorporating a new airfoil shape to reduce vibration and noise levels. [5] The blades of the rotors feature a composite spar and parabolic blade tips; they can also be equipped with an anti-icing system to enable the aircraft to operate within very cold climates. The helicopter is powered by two Turbomeca Makila 2A1 turboshaft engines mounted over the cabin; these engines are capable of providing 14 per cent more engine power and feature a redundant dual-channel full authority digital engine control (FADEC) system for high reliability, a further backup system is present in the event of both FADEC systems failing. [5] [13] The FADEC system ensures that engine power is always kept within the limits of the gearbox. [13] Many of the mechanical components, particularly of the engines, were designed to be modular to ease maintenance, and composite materials were used where possible to reduce the aircraft's weight. [5] [13]

A key safety feature of the aircraft's main gear box (MGB) is an emergency oil spraying sub-system present in the lubrication system; this is designed to exceed the JAR 29 Standard's requirements of a 30-minute running time in the event of the loss of MGB oil pressure, and has demonstrated up to 50-minute running time. The engine also incorporates a "blade shedding" system to ensure engine integrity during an overspeed instance. [5] Energy absorbent self-sealing fuel tanks are contained in the aircraft's sponsons, along with other equipment such as downward-facing illumination and navigation lighting fixtures. [13] The transmission can accommodate more power than the maximum output of the engines; [13] however two aircraft were lost in 2012 due to the cracking of the bevel gear shaft, a gearbox component. [14] In response, the design of the transmission was modified in 2013, and the onboard health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) was upgraded to provide real-time monitoring of the bevel gear shaft against the threat of crack formation. [14]

A Japan Coast Guard EC225 in flight, Kansai Airport Coast Guard Air Station, 2015 MH687 "Mimizuku (Horned owl)", JA687A, Eurocopter EC225LP Super Puma Mk2+, Kansai Airport Coast Guard Air Station, Japan Coast Guard (17195743032).jpg
A Japan Coast Guard EC225 in flight, Kansai Airport Coast Guard Air Station, 2015

In terms of cockpit equipment and avionics, the EC225 is equipped with a full glass cockpit with active-matrix liquid crystal displays; these include four 6-inch by 8-inch multi-functional displays as the predominant instrumentation for key flight information, two 4-inch by 5-inch monitors for displaying aircraft parameters, and a 3-inch screen for backup. [13] The advanced helicopter cockpit and avionics system is described as serving to reduce pilot and crew workload, being used to display flight management and sub-systems information and is complete with a four-axis digital autopilot. [5] During a typical flight, the pilot programs the route into the aircraft and then monitors it, as opposed to direct continuous control of the flight; the need for paper charts has been eliminated by these systems. [13] Under autopilot, the automatic flight control system acts to prevent pilot actions from exceeding the established flight envelope; the EC225 remains flyable with all automatic systems disabled. [13] From initiating the startup sequence to being ready to takeoff only takes three minutes. [13]

There are currently a total of four principal configurations designed by Airbus Helicopters for the EC225. The passenger transport version has a crash-worthy seating arrangement for up to 19 passengers with a high-density seating arrangement accommodating up to 28 passengers available to be fitted. [13] The VIP transport version has a large lounge with seating for up to 12 passengers and a cabin attendant. The emergency medical services (EMS) configuration has medical units for six stretchers and four seats for medical workers. The search and rescue (SAR) configuration allows space for search and rescue equipment with an operator seat, hoistman seat and up to eight rescue seats and three stretchers. [15] While a single pilot is capable of controlling the aircraft under visual meteorical conditions, two pilots are used in a typical crew complement and, dependent on role, a cabin attendant or flight engineer may also be present. [13]

Operational history

Omani EC225 in flight, 2009 Oman AF - Eurocopter EC 225LP Super Puma II+.jpg
Omani EC225 in flight, 2009

In January 2005, Algeria became the first country to use the EC225 when the Algerian Ministerial Air Liaisons Group (GLAM) took delivery of a single helicopter for VIP transport duties. [16]

In 2009, the AirKnight consortium offered the EC225 in competition against the Sikorsky S-92 offered by the Soteria Search and Rescue consortium for the United Kingdom's Search and Rescue – Helicopter (SAR-H) program to replace the RAF Search and Rescue Force's Westland Sea King fleet. [17] In 2010, Soteria was awarded the contract; [18] however, in 2011 the contract was halted as Soteria had access to confidential information. [19] In 2013, the Department for Transport awarded Bristow Group the SAR-H contract, operating a mix of Sikorsky S-92 and AgustaWestland AW189 instead. [20]

By 2011, CHC Helicopter had the largest operational fleet of EC225s, the type comprising a fifth of the firm's total rotorcraft by 2015. [1] [21] CHC principally use the type for serving the offshore oil and gas industries, as well as search and rescue missions. [21] Another milestone was reached in 2011 when Eurocopter delivered the 100th production EC225 to Bristow Group. [22] In March 2013, leasing company Milestone Aviation Group placed a record order for 30 EC225s. [23] [24]

An EC225 helicopter in a hangar HelicoSTH.jpg
An EC225 helicopter in a hangar

Due to its popularity in offshore passenger transport, the EC225 is also commonly used as an offshore Search and Rescue aircraft, with operators based in Norway, the UK and Australia. In this role, aircraft are typically equipped with a Dual Rescue Hoist, FLIR camera, high-powered searchlights and an advanced autopilot with autohover capability. [25] The EC225 has also been used as an aerial firefighting platform, it can be equipped with a Simplex Aerospace-developed water cannon for dealing with fires in built-up urban areas, both Japan and South Korea operate several aircraft adapted in this manner. [26] [27]

Following the 22 October 2012 crash, the major North Sea Super Puma operators, CHC Helicopter, Bond Offshore Helicopters and Bristow Helicopters decided to ground all AS332 and EC225 Super Puma helicopters. On 25 October 2012 it was announced that the problem was suspected to relate to the main gearbox vertical shaft; the AS 332 L1 and L2 versions of the Super Puma could be refitted with an older design, allowing them to resume flying. On 8 November 2012 some Super Pumas of Bond Offshore Helicopters returned to flight. [28] [29] [30] The EC225 grounding continued into 2013, following the validation of new safety measures by the EASA, the type was progressively returned to service following modifications. [31] [32] By mid-2015, all 49 EC225s operating in the North Sea fleets in the UK had been retrofitted with a redesigned bevel wheel vertical shaft to avoid any recurrence. [33]

In March 2015, the Japan Coast Guard accepted delivery of its fifth and final EC225; outfitted for performing search and rescue missions, they shall also be used for security enforcement, territorial sea enforcement/monitoring and disaster relief operations. [34]

The EC225 was a candidate for the Norwegian All Weather Search and Rescue Helicopter (NAWSARH) to replace the Westland Sea King Mk.43B of the Royal Norwegian Air Force in 2015; [35] other candidates were the AgustaWestland AW101, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey, NHIndustries NH90 and Sikorsky S-92. [36] By 9 July 2013, only the AW101 and the EC225 remained as contenders; in December 2013, the AW101 was selected instead. [37] [38]

On 2 June 2016, following the crash of an H225 in Norway which revealed a potential safety issue with the main rotor assembly, the EASA issued an emergency airworthiness directive that grounded the H225 fleet; [39] by July 2016, 80 per cent of the worldwide fleet had been grounded as a result, while some operators such as the French military continued to operate its fleet. [40] In October 2016, the grounding order by the EASA was lifted; some countries, including the United Kingdom and Norway, chose to maintain operational restrictions for the type. [41] Norwegian operator Statoil, who had contracted the CHC H225 which crashed, maintained it will not return to using the helicopter even if restrictions are lifted. The company has instead relied on the Sikorsky S-92 to meet its needs since the crash. [42] By December 2016, three separate lawsuits were filed by separate H225 operators, claiming that the type had been sold in a defective state due to the flaw being "inherent". [43]

Variants

EC225 LP
An improved variant of the AS332 L2.
EC225 Firefighting
EC225 fitted with internal tanks for water bombing
EC225 SAR
EC225 with FLIR, dual electric winches for all-weather search, rescue operations.
EC225e
A version with the newer Turbomeca Makila 2B turboshaft engine. [44]

Operators

Countries operating with Super Pumas. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Civilian use Military use Map of Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma operators.svg
Countries operating with Super Pumas.
  Civilian use
  Military use

The EC225 Super Puma is used for offshore drilling, corporate companies, law enforcement and governments.

The 34th Transport Aviation Division (People's Liberation Army Air Force) also flies EC225s. [45]

Military operators

A Bristow Helicopters EC225LP at Sumburgh Airport Bristow Puma G-ZZSK (altered).jpg
A Bristow Helicopters EC225LP at Sumburgh Airport
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana
Flag of France.svg  France
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan

Flag of Kurdistan.svg  Kurdistan Region

Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman
An EC225 of the Japanese government Eurocopter EC 225 JGSDF (cropped).jpg
An EC225 of the Japanese government
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam

Civilian operators

Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
A CHC Helicopter EC225 on approach Puma EC225 G-CHCL IMG 8839 (cropped).jpg
A CHC Helicopter EC225 on approach
Flag of Greenland.svg  Greenland
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
An EC225 LP of the Icelandic Coast Guard Icelandic Coast Guard TF-GNA IMG 3236.jpg
An EC225 LP of the Icelandic Coast Guard
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
An EC225 of the French Navy French Navy EC225 (cropped).jpg
An EC225 of the French Navy
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam

Accidents and incidents

The helicopter that crashed on January 18, 2023 in November 2020 H225 Super Puma helicopter Number 54 in 2020.jpg
The helicopter that crashed on January 18, 2023 in November 2020

Specifications (EC 225)

EC 225 Line Drawing.svg
External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg EC225 – Bevel Gear Vertical Shaft Process
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Cockpit view of an EC225 taxiing and taking off
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg EC225 in firefighting operations

Data from Airbus Helicopters [83]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Related Research Articles

Airbus Helicopters SAS is the helicopter manufacturing division of Airbus. It is the largest in the industry in terms of revenues and turbine helicopter deliveries, holding 48% of the worldwide market share as of 2020. Its head office is located at Marseille Provence Airport in Marignane, France, near Marseille. The main facilities of Airbus Helicopters are at its headquarters in Marignane, France, and in Donauwörth, Germany, with additional production plants in Spain, Brazil, Canada, Australia, Romania, the United Kingdom and the United States. The company, originally named Eurocopter, was rebranded Airbus Helicopters on 2 January 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma</span> 1965 transport helicopter family by Sud Aviation

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurocopter AS532 Cougar</span> Utility helicopter

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHC Helicopter</span> Helicopter services company

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma</span> Medium-lift helicopter series by Aerospatiale, later Airbus Helicopters

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurocopter EC135</span> Small utility helicopter

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Offshore Helicopter Services (OHS), previously known as Babcock MCS Offshore and Bond Offshore Helicopters, is a British helicopter operator, specialising in providing offshore helicopter transportation services to North Sea offshore platforms

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helikopter Service Flight 451</span> 1997 helicopter accident

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHC Scotia Flight 23R</span> An air accident at Sumburgh 23 Aug 2013

On 23 August 2013, a Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma helicopter belonging to CHC Scotia crashed into the sea 2 nautical miles from Sumburgh in the Shetland Islands, Scotland, while en route from the Borgsten Dolphin drilling rig. The accident killed four passengers; twelve other passengers and two crew were rescued with injuries. A further passenger killed himself in 2017 as a result of PTSD caused by the crash. An investigation by the UK's Air Accident Investigation Branch concluded in 2016 that the accident was primarily caused by pilot error in failing to monitor instruments during approach. The public inquiry concluded in October 2020 that the crash was primarily caused by pilot error.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHC Helikopter Service Flight 241</span> Fatal crash landing in Norway

On 29 April 2016, a CHC Helikopter Service Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma helicopter, carrying oil workers from the Gullfaks B platform in the North Sea, crashed near Turøy, a Norwegian coastal island 36 kilometres (22 mi) from the city of Bergen. The main rotor assembly detached from the aircraft and the fuselage plummeted to the ground, exploding on impact. All thirteen people, 11 Norwegians, one Briton and an Italian, on board were killed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vietnam Helicopters</span> Vietnamese helicopter company

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