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Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Bacillota. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs (diplococci) or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. Two species are common commensal organisms in the intestines of humans: E. faecalis (90–95%) and E. faecium (5–10%). Rare clusters of infections occur with other species, including E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus.
Streptococcus bovis is a group of strains of Gram-positive bacteria, originally described as a species, that in humans is associated with urinary tract infections, endocarditis, sepsis, and colorectal cancer. S. bovis is commonly found in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants, and may cause ruminal acidosis. It is also associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, a frequent complication occurring in patients affected by cirrhosis. Equivalence with Streptococcus equinus has been contested.
Enterococcus gallinarum is a species of Enterococcus. E. gallinarum demonstrates an inherent, low-level resistance to vancomycin. Resistance is due to a chromosomal gene, vanC, which encodes for a terminal D-alanine-D-serine instead of the usual D-alanine-D-alanine in cell wall peptidoglycan precursor proteins. That is a separate mechanism than the vancomycin resistance seen in VRE isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis which is mediated by vanA or vanB. This species is known to cause clusters of infection, although it considered very rare. It is the only other known enterococcal species besides E. faecium and E. faecalis known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals.
Staphylococcus schleiferi is a Gram-positive, cocci-shaped bacterium of the family Staphylococcaceae. It is facultatively anaerobic, coagulase-variable, and can be readily cultured on blood agar where the bacterium tends to form opaque, non-pigmented colonies and beta (β) hemolysis. There exists two subspecies under the species S. schleiferi: Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. schleiferi and Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans.
Citrobacter farmeri is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.
Gemella sanguinis is a species of bacteria within the genus Gemella. Strains of this species were originally isolated from samples of human blood, and in one case from a patient with endocarditis. Additional cases of endocarditis associated with G. sanguinis infections have been reported.
Facklamia ignava is a Gram-positive bacteria from the family of Facklamia which has been isolated from humans.
Facklamia languida is a Gram-positive bacteria from the family of Facklamia which has been isolated from humans.
Globicatella is a non-spore-forming and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Aerococcaceae. The Globicatella sanguinis species can in rare cases cause infections of the bloodstream, heart, central nervous system, or urinary tract.
Globicatella sulfidifaciens is a Gram-positive bacteria from the family of Globicatella which has been isolated from the lungs of cattle and lambs in Belgium. It is associated with purulent infections of domestic mammals and urinary tracts of swine. Unlike other Globicatella species and species of related genera, G. sulfidifaciens is PYR negative. Globicatella sulfidifaciens bacteria are resistant against the antibiotics neomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin.
Clostridium celatum is a Gram-positive and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Clostridium which has been isolated from human faeces.
Enterocloster citroniae, formerly Clostridium citroniae is a bacterium from the genus Enterocloster. The type species was isolated from a human infection in California in the United States.
Pseudoramibacter is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Eubacteriaceae with one known species. Pseudoramibacter bacteria occur in birds. Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus is associated with endodontic infections.
Wohlfahrtiimonas is a genus of bacteria from the class Gammaproteobacteria.
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Cloacibacillus is a Gram-negative and anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Synergistaceae. Cloacibacillus bacteria are pathogenic.
Corynebacterium xerosis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium in the genus Corynebacterium. Although it is frequently a harmless commensal organism living on the skin and in the mucous membranes, C. xerosis is also a clinically relevant opportunistic pathogen that has been attributed to many different infections in animals and humans. However, its actual prominence in human medicine is up for debate due to early difficulties distinguishing it from other Corynebacterium species in clinical isolates.
Haematomicrobium sanguinis is a species of bacteria from the family Micrococcaceae which has been isolated from human blood in Stockholm, Sweden.
Weeksella virosa is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Weeksella which can cause infection in rare cases. Weeksella virosa occurs in the human genitourinary tract.
Janet Gilsdorf is an American pediatric infectious diseases physician, scientist, and writer at the University of Michigan. Her research has focused on the pathogenic, molecular, and epidemiologic features of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. She served as the Director of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in the University of Michigan Health System from 1989 to 2012 and Co-Director of the Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases at the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan from 2000 – 2015. In addition to her scientific publications, she is also the author of two novels, one memoir, one non-fiction book, and a number of medically-oriented essays.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Globicatella". LPSN .
- 1 2 "Globicatella sanguinis". Www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Parker, Charles Thomas; Wigley, Sarah; Garrity, George M; Osier, Nicole Danielle (2008). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (eds.). "Nomenclature Abstract for Globicatella sanguinis Collins et al. 1995". The NamesforLife Abstracts. doi:10.1601/nm.5483.
- ↑ Hery-Arnaud, G.; Doloy, A.; Ansart, S.; Le Lay, G.; Le Fleche-Mateos, A.; Seizeur, R.; Garre, M.; Payan, C.; Bouvet, A. (10 February 2010). "Globicatella sanguinis Meningitis Associated with Human Carriage". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48 (4): 1491–1493. doi:10.1128/JCM.01299-09. PMC 2849544 . PMID 20147641.
- ↑ Seegmuller, I.; van der Linden, M.; Heeg, C.; Reinert, R. R. (22 November 2006). "Globicatella sanguinis Is an Etiological Agent of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt-Associated Meningitis". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45 (2): 666–667. doi:10.1128/JCM.01774-06. PMC 1829064 . PMID 17122015.
- ↑ Matusnami, Masatoshi; Sogi, Misa; Kitazono, Hidetaka; Hosokawa, Naoto; Otsuka, Yoshihito; Ohkusu, Kiyofumi (2012). "Urosepsis caused by Globicatella sanguinis and Corynebacterium riegelii in an adult: case report and literature review". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 18 (4): 552–554. doi:10.1007/s10156-011-0335-x. PMID 22080192. S2CID 44306319.
