| GCKR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | GCKR , FGQTL5, GKRP, glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator, glucokinase regulator | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 600842 MGI: 1096345 HomoloGene: 1139 GeneCards: GCKR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Glucokinase regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCKR gene. [5]
This gene encodes a protein belonging to the GCKR subfamily of the SIS (sugar isomerase) family of proteins. The gene product is a regulatory protein that inhibits glucokinase in liver and pancreatic islet cells by binding non-covalently to form an inactive complex with the enzyme. This gene is considered a susceptibility gene candidate for a form of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and pancreas of humans and most other vertebrates. In each of these organs it plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by acting as a glucose sensor, triggering shifts in metabolism or cell function in response to rising or falling levels of glucose, such as occur after a meal or when fasting. Mutations of the gene for this enzyme can cause unusual forms of diabetes or hypoglycemia.
The glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) also known as glucokinase regulator (GCKR) is a protein produced in hepatocytes. GKRP binds and moves glucokinase (GK), thereby controlling both activity and intracellular location of this key enzyme of glucose metabolism.
Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2, member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables protein facilitated glucose movement across cell membranes. It is the principal transporter for transfer of glucose between liver and blood Unlike GLUT4, it does not rely on insulin for facilitated diffusion.
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B member 11 also known as ABCB11 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ABCB11 gene.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) also known as NR2A1 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the HNF4A gene.
Calpain-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN10 gene.
Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOR1 gene. It is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and is also known as PAQR1.
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCG8 gene.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1B gene.
Krueppel-like factor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF11 gene.
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A10 gene.
Fructosamine-3-kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FN3K gene.
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) also known as MLX-interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLXIPL gene. The protein name derives from the protein's interaction with carbohydrate response element sequences of DNA.
Glucose-6-phosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the G6PC2 gene.
Presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein, mitochondrial (PSARL), also known as PINK1/PGAM5-associated rhomboid-like protease (PARL), is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that in humans is encoded by the PARL gene on chromosome 3. It is a member of the rhomboid family of intramembrane serine proteases. This protein is involved in signal transduction and apoptosis, as well as neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes.
MODY 3 or HNF1A-MODY is a form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. It is caused by mutations of the HNF1-alpha gene, a homeobox gene on human chromosome 12. This is the most common type of MODY in populations with European ancestry, accounting for about 70% of all cases in Europe. HNF1α is a transcription factor that is thought to control a regulatory network important for differentiation of beta cells. Mutations of this gene lead to reduced beta cell mass or impaired function. MODY 1 and MODY 3 diabetes are clinically similar. About 70% of people develop this type of diabetes by age 25 years, but it occurs at much later ages in a few. This type of diabetes can often be treated with sulfonylureas with excellent results for decades. However, the loss of insulin secretory capacity is slowly progressive and most eventually need insulin.
CDKAL1 is a gene in the methylthiotransferase family. The complete physiological function and implications of this have not been fully determined. CDKAL1 is known to code for CDK5, a regulatory subunit-associated protein 1. This protein CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1 is found broadly across tissue types including neuronal tissues and pancreatic beta cells. CDKAL1 is suspected to be involved in the CDK5/p35 pathway, in which p35 is the activator for CDK5 which regulates several neuronal functions.
Kruppel like factor 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF16 gene.
ALMS1, centrosome and basal body associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALMS1 gene.
PPARG coactivator 1 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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