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The centrohelids or centroheliozoa are a large group of heliozoan protists. They include both mobile and sessile forms, found in freshwater and marine environments, especially at some depth.
The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of exclusively marine algae widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters. They are typically mixotrophic, ingesting bacteria and smaller protists as well as conducting photosynthesis. Normally they have the form of small amoebae, with branching cytoplasmic extensions that capture prey and connect the cells together, forming a net. They may also form flagellate zoospores, which characteristically have a single subapical flagellum that spirals backwards around the cell body, and walled coccoid cells.
The Phytomyxea are a class of parasites of plants. They are divided into the orders Plasmodiophorida and Phagomyxida. A more common name for them is the plasmodiophorids, but this does not always include Phagomyxa.
The cryptophyceae are a class of algae, most of which have plastids. About 220 species are known, and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10–50 μm in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal flagella.
Malawimonadidae is a group of unicellular eukaryotes of outsize importance in understanding eukaryote phylogeny.
Thaumatomonadida is an order of flagellates.
Goniomonas is a genus of Cryptomonads and contains five species. It is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes, including both freshwater and marine species. It lacks plastids, which is very unusual among all of the Cryptophyte genera. It may reflect one of only a small number of times that the Cryptophytes evolved into freshwater habitats. Goniomonas seems to have a number of freshwater relatives which have not yet been cultured and named.
Komma caudata is a cryptomonad, and the only described species in the genus Komma, although four or five more species may exist. Its cells are 4.5–5.5 μm wide by 7–10 μm long and bear two unequal flagella.
Ancyromonadida or Planomonadida is a small group of biflagellated protists found in the soil and in aquatic habitats, where they feed on bacteria. Includes freshwater or marine organisms, benthic, dorsoventrally compressed and with two unequal flagellae, each emerging from a separate pocket. The apical anterior flagellum can be very thin or end in the cell membrane, while the posterior flagellum is long and is inserted ventrally or laterally. The cell membrane is supported by a thin single layer teak and the mitochondrial crests are discoidal / flat.
Collodictyonidae is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life.
Rigifilida is a clade of non-ciliate phagotrophic eukaryotes. It consists of two genera: Micronuclearia and Rigifila.
Varisulca was a proposed basal Podiate taxon. It encompassed several lineages of heterotrophic protists, most notably the ancyromonads (planomonads), collodictyonids (diphylleids), rigifilids and mantamonadids. Recent evidence suggests that the latter three are closely related to each other, forming a clade called CRuMs, but that this is unlikely to be specifically related to ancyromonads
Platysulcidae is a monotypic family of heterokonts that was recently discovered to be the earliest diverging lineage of the Heterokont phylogenetic tree.
Placidozoa is a recently defined non-photosynthetic lineage of Heterokonts.
Granofilosea is a class of cercozoans in the subphylum Filosa.
The Mantamonadidae are of free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces. There is one genus, Mantamonas. It has been suggested previously that the Mantamonadidae be classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusmonadida on the basis of rRNA analyses. However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the collodictyonids (=diphylleids) and Rigifila.
Hemiarma marina is a monotypic species of cryptomonad discovered off the coast of Palau in 2016.
Tetragonidiaceae is a family of cryptomonads which includes two genera. Members of Tetragonidiaceae are distinguished from other cryptomonads by reproduction occurring in a non-motile vegetative phase, as well as the formation of multicellular filaments unlike any other cryptomonad family.
Pyrenomonadaceae is a family of cryptomonads which includes three or four known genera. They are distinguished from other cryptomonads by their nucleomorphs being imbedded into the pyrenoid, and the presence of distinctive pigment phycoerythrin 545.
Hilleaceae was one of the three families of Cryptomonads proposed by R.W. Butcher in 1967, who included only the genus Hillea. It has appeared in at least two other cryptomonad classification systems since then. However, as Hillea has yet to be successfully cultured, its validity as a genus remains uncertain.
References
- ↑ Shiratori; Ishida (2016), "A New Heterotrophic Cryptomonad: Hemiarma marina n. g., n. sp.", Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 63 (6): 804–812, doi:10.1111/jeu.12327, PMID 27218475
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