Cryptista

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Cryptista
Rhodomonas salina CCMP 322.jpg
Rhodomonas salina , a cryptomonad
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Pancryptista
Phylum: Cryptista
Cavalier-Smith, 1989 emend. 2015
Classes

Cryptista is a phylum of alga-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes. [1]

Contents

Other characteristic features of cryptomonad mtDNAs include large syntenic clusters resembling α-proteobacterial operons that encode bacteria-like rRNAs, tRNAs, and ribosomal protein genes. Additionally, they are an evolutionarily significant lineage found in mostly marine, glacial and freshwater environments.

Although it has sometimes placed along with Haptista in the subkingdom Hacrobia, within the kingdom Chromista, [2] most recent studies have found that Hacrobia is not a clade. [3] For example, in 2016, a broad phylogenomic study found that cryptists fall within the group Archaeplastida, while haptophytes are closely related to the SAR supergroup. [4] [5]

Morphology

The ornamental structures of the cell membrane vary among cryptists. They also have varying flagellar appendages. [6]

Taxonomy

Based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith et al. [7] [8] [9]

Evolution

Last common ancestor of cryptists is thought to have naked cell membrane, mitochondrion with flat cristae, bipartite hairs and no ejectisomes. It employed phagocytosis, and maybe also photosynthesis. [6]

Phylogeny

The phylogeny is based on studies done by Cavalier-Smith, Yabuki, Yazaki and others. [6] [7] [9] [10]

Cryptista

References

  1. ↑ Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, et al. (January 2019). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. PMC   6492006 . PMID   30257078.
  2. ↑ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-04-29). "A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   4418965 . PMID   25923521.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  3. ↑ Burki F, Roger AJ, Brown MW, Simpson AG (January 2020). "The New Tree of Eukaryotes". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 35 (1): 43–55. Bibcode:2020TEcoE..35...43B. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.008 . PMID   31606140.
  4. ↑ Burki F; Kaplan M; Tikhonenkov DV; Zlatogursky V; Minh BQ; Radaykina LV; Smirnov A; Mylnikov AP; Keeling PJ (2016), "Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista.", Proc Biol Sci, 283 (1823): 20152802, doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802, PMC   4795036 , PMID   26817772 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  5. ↑ Burki, F; Inagaki, Y; Bråte, J; Archibald, J.; Keeling, P.; Cavalier-Smith, T; Sakaguchi, M; Hashimoto, T; Horak, A; Kumar, S; Klaveness, D; Jakobsen, K.S; Pawlowski, J; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K (2009). "Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates" (Free full text). Genome Biology and Evolution. 1: 231–8. doi:10.1093/gbe/evp022. PMC   2817417 . PMID   20333193.
  6. 1 2 3 Yabuki, Akinori; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Ishikawa, Sohta A.; Kolisko, Martin; Kim, Eunsoo; Tanabe, Akifumi S.; Kume, Keitaro; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Inagki, Yuji (2014-04-10). "Palpitomonas bilix represents a basal cryptist lineage: insight into the character evolution in Cryptista". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 4641. doi:10.1038/srep04641. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   3982174 . PMID   24717814.
  7. 1 2 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2015-12-01). "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 93: 331–362. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004 . ISSN   1055-7903.
  8. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2018-01-01). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN   1615-6102. PMC   5756292 . PMID   28875267.
  9. 1 2 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2022-05-01). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259 (3): 487–593. doi:10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7. ISSN   1615-6102. PMC   9010356 . PMID   34940909.
  10. ↑ Yazaki, Euki; Yabuki, Akinori; Imaizumi, Ayaka; Kume, Keitaro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2022-04-13). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris". Open Biology. 12 (4): 210376. doi:10.1098/rsob.210376. PMC   9006020 . PMID   35414259.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

Takaramoto, S., Fainsod, S., Nagata, T., Rozenberg, A., Béjà, O., & Inoue, K., S (2024), "The roles of an extended N-terminal region and ETD motif in a pump-like cation channelrhodopsin discovered in a lake microbiome.", Journal of Molecular Biology, 436 (23), doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168844 , PMID   39476949 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)