Filozoa

Last updated

Filozoa
Temporal range: 760–0 Ma
Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg
Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background: a sea fan, Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans .
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Amorphea
Clade: Obazoa
Clade: Opisthokonta
Clade: Holozoa
Clade: Filozoa
Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008
Subgroups

The Filozoa are a monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta. They include animals and their nearest unicellular relatives (organisms which are more closely related to animals than to fungi or Mesomycetozoa). [1]

Contents

Three groups are currently included within the clade Filozoa:

Etymology

The name Filozoa originates from the Latin word filum meaning "thread" and the Greek word zōion meaning "animal".

Phylogeny

Below is a phylogenetic tree of Filozoa and the groups most closely related to the Filozoa : [2] [3] [4] [5]

Opisthokonta
1300 mya

Characteristics

The ancestral opisthokont cell is assumed to have possessed slender filose (thread-like) projections or 'tentacles'. In some opisthokonts (Mesomycetozoa and Corallochytrium ) these were lost. They are retained in Filozoa, where they are simple and non-tapering, with a rigid core of actin bundles (contrasting with the flexible, tapering and branched filopodia of nucleariids and the branched rhizoids and hyphae of fungi). In choanoflagellates and in the most primitive animals, namely sponges, they aggregate into a filter-feeding collar (made from microvilli, that are also made from actin) around the cilium or flagellum; this is thought to be an inheritance from their most recent common filozoan ancestor. [1]

References

  1. 1 2 Shalchian-Tabrizi K.; Minge M.A.; Espelund M.; et al. (7 May 2008). Aramayo, Rodolfo (ed.). "Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals". PLOS ONE. 3 (5): e2098. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2098S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002098 . PMC   2346548 . PMID   18461162.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  2. ↑ Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (August 16, 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33): 13624–13629. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813624P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1110633108 . PMC   3158185 . PMID   21810989.
  3. ↑ Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Kolisko, Martin; Campo, Javier del; Esaulov, Anton S.; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (10 July 2017). "Novel Predators Reshape Holozoan Phylogeny and Reveal the Presence of a Two-Component Signaling System in the Ancestor of Animals". Current Biology. 27 (13): 2043–2050.e6. Bibcode:2017CBio...27E2043H. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.006 . PMID   28648822.
  4. ↑ Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2018-09-26). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. ISSN   1066-5234. PMC   6492006 . PMID   30257078.
  5. ↑ Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy (2018). "High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses". Fungal Diversity. 90 (1): 135–159. doi: 10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 . ISSN   1560-2745.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.