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The Government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was established in 1953 and ran the Federation until its dissolution at the end of 1963. The members of the government were accountable to, and drawn from, the unicameral Federal Parliament.
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The Government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was established in 1953 and ran the Federation until its dissolution at the end of 1963. The members of the government were accountable to, and drawn from, the unicameral Federal Parliament.
| Office | Minister | Date appointed |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Godfrey Martin Huggins | 7 September 1953 |
| Minister of External Affairs and Defence | ||
| Minister of Finance | ||
| Minister of Transport and Development | Roy Welensky | 7 September 1953 |
| Minister of Internal Affairs | Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 7 September 1953 |
| Office | Minister | Date appointed |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Godfrey Martin Huggins | 18 December 1953 – 2 November 1956 |
| Minister of External Affairs | ||
| Minister of Defence | ||
| Minister of Transport | Roy Welensky | 18 December 1953 – 12 February 1954 |
| Minister of Communications | ||
| Minister of Transport and Communications | Roy Welensky | 12 February 1954 |
| Minister of Posts | ||
| Minister of Finance | Donald MacIntyre | 18 December 1953 |
| Minister of Agriculture | John Moore Caldicott | 18 December 1953 |
| Minister of Health | ||
| Minister of Internal Affairs | Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 18 December 1953 – 12 February 1954 |
| Minister of Home Affairs | Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 12 February 1954 – 7 June 1955 |
| Frank Stephen Owen | 7 June 1955 | |
| Minister of Commerce and Industry | Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 12 February 1954 |
| Minister of Power | 7 April 1955 | |
| Minister of Education | Julian MacDonald Greenfield | 12 February 1954 |
| Office | Minister | Date appointed |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Sir Roy Welensky | 2 November 1956 – 31 December 1963 |
| Minister of External Affairs | ||
| Minister of Defence | 2 November 1956 – 12 June 1959 | |
| John Moore Caldicott | 12 June 1959 – 7 May 1962 | |
| Sir Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Deputy Prime Minister | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Home Affairs | Sir Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 2 November 1956 – 7 May 1962 |
| Julian Greenfield | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Power | Sir Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 2 November 1956 – 31 December 1963 |
| Minister of Finance | Donald MacIntyre | 2 November 1956 – 3 September 1962 |
| John Moore Caldicott | 3 September 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Posts | Donald MacIntyre | 2 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 |
| Frank Stephen Owen | 11 December 1958 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Public Service | John Moore Caldicott | 2 November 1956 – 3 September 1962 |
| John Philip Gold Duncan | 3 September 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Agriculture | John Moore Caldicott | 2 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 |
| John Cranmer Graylin | 11 December 1958 – 1 September 1963 | |
| James Arthur Clark | 1 September 1963 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Health | John Moore Caldicott | 2 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 |
| Benjamin Disraeli Goldberg | 11 December 1958 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Economic Affairs | John Moore Caldicott | 11 December 1958 – 7 May 1962 |
| Sir Malcolm Palliser Barrow | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Law | Julian MacDonald Greenfield | 2 November 1956 – 31 December 1963 |
| Minister of Education | 2 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 | |
| Benjamin Disraeli Goldberg | 11 December 1958 – 7 May 1962 | |
| John Philip Gold Duncan | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Commerce and Industry | Frank Stephen Owen | 2 November 1956 – 7 May 1962 |
| James Arthur Clark | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Transport and Works | William Hives Eastwood | 2 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 |
| Minister of Transport | William Hives Eastwood | 11 December 1958 – 7 May 1962 |
| Frank Stephen Owen | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 | |
| Minister of Works | George Wellington Rex L'Ange | 11 December 1958 – 31 December 1963 |
| Office | Minister | Date appointed |
|---|---|---|
| PS to the Minister of Home Affairs | Benjamin Disraeli Goldberg | 23 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 |
| John Foot | 11 December 1958 – 31 December 1963 | |
| PS to the Minister of Home Affairs (Race Relations) | Jasper Zengeza Savanhu | 3 April 1959 – 14 August 1962 |
| PS to the Minister of Transport and Works | George Wellington Rex L'Ange | 23 November 1956 – 11 December 1958 |
| PS to the Minister of External Affairs | Godwin Akabiwa Mbikusita Lewanika | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 |
| PS to the Minister of Defence, Economic Affairs and Power | Sydney Stanford Sawyer | 7 May 1962 – 31 December 1963 |
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. Johannes Althusius is considered the father of modern federalism along with Montesquieu. Althusius notably exposes the bases of this political philosophy in Politica Methodice Digesta, Atque Exemplis Sacris et Profanis Illustrata (1603). In The Spirit of Law, Montesquieu for his part sees examples of federalist republics in corporate societies, the polis bringing together villages, and the cities themselves forming confederations. Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy.
The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has seen serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet governance. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections. This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended constitution adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1978. A new constitution, creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993.
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.
In the fictional universe of Star Trek, the United Federation of Planets (UFP) is the interstellar government with which, as part of its space force Starfleet, most of the characters and starships of the franchise are affiliated. Commonly referred to as "the Federation", it was introduced in the original Star Trek television series. The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of the Star Trek franchise's central themes.
A federation is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body without constitutional amendment.
Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions.
A federated state is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation. A federated state does not have international sovereignty since powers are divided between the other federated states and the federal government. Unlike international sovereign states, which have what is often referred to as Westphalian sovereignty, federated states operate under their domestic or federal law with relation to the rest of the world.
A unitary state is a state or sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create or abolish administrative divisions. Such units exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Although political power may be delegated through devolution to regional or local governments by statute, the central government may override the decisions of devolved governments, curtail their powers, or expand their powers. The modern unitary state concept originated in France; in the aftermath of the Hundred Years' War, national feelings that emerged from the war unified France. The war accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a unitary state. The French then later spread unitary states by conquests, throughout Europe during and after the Napoleonic Wars, and to the world through the vast French colonial empire.
The West Indies Federation, also known as the West Indies, the Federation of the West Indies or the West Indian Federation, was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were part of the British Empire, including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica, and those on the Leeward and Windward Islands, came together to form the Federation, with its capital in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state — possibly similar to Canada, the Federation of Australia, or the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts over how it would be governed or function viably. The formation of a West Indian Federation was encouraged by the United Kingdom, but also requested by pan-Caribbean nationalists.
A confederation is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence, foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members. Confederalism represents a main form of intergovernmentalism, defined as any form of interaction around states that takes place on the basis of sovereign independence or government.
Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked, self-governing British Crown colony in Southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally known as South Zambesia until annexation by Britain, at the behest of Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company. The bounding territories were Bechuanaland (Botswana), Northern Rhodesia (Zambia), Portuguese Mozambique (Mozambique) and the Transvaal Republic.
The Federation of Malaya, more commonly known as Malaya, was a country of what previously had been the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.
The chairman of the government of the Russian Federation, also informally known as the prime minister, is the head of government of Russia and the second highest ranking political office in Russia. Although the post dates back to 1905, its current form was established on 12 December 1993 following the introduction of a new constitution.
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two entities composing Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Republika Srpska. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of ten autonomous cantons with their own governments and legislatures.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. The last reform was in 2020, see 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia.
The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories.
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation or simply as the subjects of the federation, are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions. According to the Constitution of Russia, the federation consists of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal importance, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs, all of which are equal subjects of the federation.
The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. The colonies of Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.
The government of Russia is the federal executive body of state power of the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation". The Apparatus of the Government of Russia is a governmental body which administrates the activities of the government.
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, also known as the Central African Federation (CAF), was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories: the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It existed between 1953 and 1963.