Governorates of the Spanish Empire

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After the 1494 territorial division of South America between Spain and Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas, the colonial administration of the continent was divided into Governorates.

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Caribbean and Tierra Firme

Tierra Firme, Governorate of Castilla de Oro and New Andalucia (Mainland of Colombia) Tierra Firme Coquivacoa.PNG
Tierra Firme, Governorate of Castilla de Oro and New Andalucia (Mainland of Colombia)

South America

Four enclaves after Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire:

The adelantado grants of Charles V prior to the establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Mapa de America del Sur (Gobernaciones 1534-1539).svg
The adelantado grants of Charles V prior to the establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diego de Almagro</span> Spanish conquistador (1475–1538)

Diego de Almagro, also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo, was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru. While subduing the Inca Empire he laid the foundation for Quito and Trujillo as Spanish cities in present-day Ecuador and Peru respectively. From Peru, Almagro led the first Spanish military expedition to central Chile. Back in Peru, a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over the control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores. In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viceroyalty of Peru</span> Administrative region of the Spanish Empire in western South America (1542–1824)

The Viceroyalty of Peru officially known as the Kingdom of Peru was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed from the capital of Lima. Peru was one of the two Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.

New Andalusia may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of the Río de la Plata</span> Governorate of the Spanish Empire

The Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549−1776) was one of the governorates of the Spanish Empire. It was created in 1549 by Spain in the area around the Río de la Plata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Province of Tierra Firme</span> Spains New World Empire coastal possessions surrounding the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico

During Spain's New World Empire, its mainland coastal possessions surrounding the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico were referred to collectively as the Spanish Main. The southern portion of these coastal possessions were known as the Province of Tierra Firme, or the "Mainland Province". The Province of Tierra Firme, or simply Tierra Firme, was also called Costa Firme.

Adelantado was a title held by some Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages. It was later used as a military title held by some Spanish conquistadores of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuño de Guzmán</span> 16th-century Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator

Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán was a Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain. He was the governor of the province of Pánuco from 1525 to 1533 and of Nueva Galicia from 1529 to 1534, and president of the first Royal Audiencia of Mexico – the high court that governed New Spain – from 1528 to 1530. He founded several cities in Northwestern Mexico, including Guadalajara.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra de la Plata</span>

The Sierra de la Plata was a mythical source of silver in the interior of South America. The legend began in the early 16th century when castaways from the Juan Díaz de Solís expedition heard indigenous stories of a mountain of silver in an inland region ruled by the so-called White King. The first European to lead an expedition in search of it was the castaway Aleixo Garcia, who crossed nearly the entire continent to reach the Andean altiplano. On his way back to the coast, Garcia died in an ambush by indigenous people in Paraguay, but survivors brought precious metals back to corroborate their story.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captaincy General of Chile</span> 1541–1818 territory of the Spanish Empire

The Captaincy General of Chile or Governorate of Chile, was a territory of the Spanish Empire from 1541 to 1817 that was, for most of its existence, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It comprised most of modern-day Chile and southern parts of Argentina. Its capital was Santiago de Chile. In 1810 it declared itself independent, but in 1814 the Spanish reconquered the territory, but in 1817 it gained independence as the Republic of Chile. It had a number of Spanish governors over its long history and several kings.

Cristóbal de Oñate was a Spanish Basque explorer, conquistador and colonial official in New Spain. He is considered the founder of the contemporary city of Guadalajara in 1531, as well as other places in Nueva Galicia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of New Castile</span> Governorate of the Crown of Castile

The Governorate of New Castile was the gubernatorial region administered to Francisco Pizarro in 1529 by King Charles I of Spain, of which he was appointed governor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of New Andalusia</span> Spanish governorate in South America, 1534−1542

The Governorate of New Andalusia was a Spanish Governorate of the Crown of Castile in South America which existed between 1534–1617.

The Province of Pánuco was a province of the Spanish colony of New Spain. It was probably discovered by Amerigo Vespucci in 1498, and later by Juan de Grijalva. It was located on the Mexican gulf coast centered on Santiestebán de Pánuco, from the river of Tuxpan and extending into the current state of Tamaulipas. Originally inhabited by Huastecs, it was claimed both by conquistador Hernán Cortés who sent Francisco de Montejo to claim the area and by Francisco de Garay, governor of Jamaica, who sent Alonso Alvarez de Pineda. The province was the object of a power struggle between supporters of Cortés and his opponents, first divided into encomiendas and allotted to Cortés supporters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of New Toledo</span> Spanish Imperial colony

The Governorate of New Toledo was a Spanish Governorate of the Crown of Castile formed from the previous southern half of the Inca Empire, stretching south into present day central Chile, and east into present day central Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colonial Argentina</span>

Colonial Argentina is designated as the period of the History of Argentina when it was an overseas territory of the Spanish Empire. It begins in the Precolumbian age of the indigenous peoples of Argentina, with the arrival of the first Spanish conqueror.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)</span> Spanish colonial entity

The Governorate of New Andalusia was a Spanish colonial entity in what today constitutes the Caribbean coastal territories from Central America, Colombia and Venezuela, and the islands of what today are Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. The Government of Nueva Andalucia was set in Venezuela from 1501 to 1513.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of New León</span>

The Governorate of New León was a Governorate of the Crown of Castile created in 1534. It was granted to Simón de Alcazaba y Sotomayor and later to Francisco de Camargo, expanding the territory to the Strait of Magellan bordering with the Governorate of Terra Australis since 1539.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governorate of Terra Australis</span> Governorate of the Crown of Castile

The Governorate of Terra Australis or Governorate of Pedro Sancho de la Hoz was a Spanish Governorate of the Crown of Castile created in 1539 which was granted to Pedro Sánchez de la Hoz and consisted in all the territories to the south of the Strait of Magellan until the South Pole, and, to the east and west, the borders were the ones specified in the treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza, respectively.

References

  1. Arreola, Daniel D. (2002). "3 • Territory Shaped". Tejano South Texas: A Mexican American Cultural Province . University of Texas Press. p. 25. doi:10.7560/705104. ISBN   9780292757189. Northeastern New Spain was first given formal administrative au- thority as the gobierno of San Esteban de Panuco in 1523. Its assumed boundaries were the Rio Tuxpan on the south and the Rio Panuco on the north [...] When Guzman transferred to Nueva Galicia, the Panuco was absorbed as a political unit by the gobierno of Nueva España in 1534 - Access date: 6 May 2022 Read online at DeGruyter