Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests

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Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests
Iona, PEI (1159076611).jpg
Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests map.svg
Ecology
Realm Nearctic
Biome Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Borders Eastern Canadian forests and New England/Acadian forests
Bird species191 [1]
Mammal species46 [1]
Geography
Area39,368 km2 (15,200 sq mi)
Country Canada
Provinces New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Quebec
Conservation
Habitat loss4.5% [1]
Protected2.9% [1]

The Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion of Eastern Canada, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system. [2]

Contents

Setting

Located on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuary, this ecoregion covers all of Prince Edward Island, the Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine of Quebec, most of east-central New Brunswick, the Annapolis Valley, Minas Basin and the Northumberland Strait coast of Nova Scotia. This area has a coastal climate of warm summers and mild but snowy winters with an average annual temperature of around 5 °C going up to 15 °C in summer, the coast is hotter than the islands or the sheltered inland valleys. [3]

Flora

The colder climate allows more hardwood trees to grow in the Gulf of St Lawrence than in most of this part of northeast North America. Trees of the region include eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ), balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ), American elm ( Ulmus americana ), black ash ( Fraxinus nigra ), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), red maple, ( Acer rubrum ) northern red oak ( Quercus rubra ), black spruce ( Picea mariana ), red spruce ( Picea rubens ) and white spruce ( Picea glauca ).

Fauna

The forests are home to a variety of wildlife including American black bear (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), North American porcupine (Erithyzon dorsatum), fisher (Martes pennanti), North American beaver (Castor canadensis), bobcat (Lynx rufus), American marten (Martes americana), raccoon (Procyon lotor) and muskrat (Ondatra zibethica). The area is habitat for maritime ringlet butterflies ( Coenonympha nipisiquit ) and other invertebrates. Birds include many seabirds, a large colony of great blue heron (Ardea herodias), the largest remaining population of the endangered piping plover and one of the largest colonies of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the world.

Threats and preservation

Most of this ecoregion has been altered by logging and clearance for agriculture with only 3% of original habitat remaining and that highly fragmented. The only large block of intact habitat remains in the area around Kouchibouguac National Park in New Brunswick, although even here logging is ongoing.

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "The Atlas of Global Conservation". The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  2. "Northern Canadian Shield taiga - Ecoregions - WWF".
  3. "Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.