HMS Weymouth was a 44-gun fifth rate of the Royal Navy. She was previously the merchantman Wellesley, built in Calcutta in 1796. She successfully defended herself against a French frigate, and made two voyages to Britain as an East Indiaman for the East India Company. The Admiralty purchased her in May 1804; she then became a storeship in 1806. On her last voyage for the Royal Navy, in 1820, she carried settlers to South Africa. She was then laid up in ordinary. In 1828, she was converted to a prison ship and sailed to Bermuda where she served as a prison hulk until 1865 when she was sold for breaking up.
In late 1799, the Commissioners of the Navy engaged Bellona and Wellesley to "convey stores, &c. to the different Settlements in India, on account of Government."[5]
Wellesley was under the command of Captain Peter Gordon on 9 August 1800, when she encountered the French 36-gun frigate Franchise off the coast of Brazil. Wellesley was carrying provisions and stores for the fleet at the Cape and India; her crew consisted mostly of lascars and Chinese. The French frigate was the sole survivor from a surprising defeat of a French squadron in the action of 4 August 1800. Captain Pierre Jurien, of Franchise, attacked Wellesley, but Gordon succeeded in driving him off.[6] Gordon had about ninety men, including passengers. The engagement lasted about an hour and although the frigate had 12-pounder guns to Wellesley's 9 and 6-pounders, the British suffered no casualties. The frigate tailed the British for some two days, but then gave up.[7]
Wellesley's insurance company presented Gordon with a sugar bowl, tray, and pair of candlesticks, all inscribed, "Presented by the Bengal Phoenix Insurance Society to Capt. P. Gordon of the Wellesley for defending that ship against a French Frigate of 36 Guns on the coast of Brazil, the 9th of August 1800".[8]
That autumn, The Times reported, "The following ships arrived at the Cape, and departed from thence in September and October (1800): The Bellona, Union, Sarah, Wellesley, Cecilia, Kent, and Thetis."[9]
In 1801, Wellesley was designated a troop transport, one of a number of country ships that took, or were to take troops to Egypt as part of a force seeking to dislodge French forces there that threatened access to India. She carried a detachment of the 80th Regiment of Foot, but after eight weeks at sea she returned to Bombay. Gordon explained that it had been impossible to make safe passage to the Red Sea.[10]
Wellesley first appeared in Lloyd's Register in the volume for 1801. Her master appeared as J. Purrier, and her owner as "Lambert".[lower-alpha 1] The register describeds her as trading between London and India, and being armed with twelve 9-pounder and ten 6-pounder guns.[4]
In the next few years, Wellesley made two trips from Bengal to Britain for the British East India Company (EIC). Lloyd's Register published in mid-1802 shows Gordon replacing Purrier as master.
EIC voyage 1 (1801-1802): Captain Gordon acquired a letter of marque on 25 April 1800.[3] Under his command, Wellesley passed Saugor on 8 December 1801, on her way to Britain. She reached St Helena on 24 February 1802, and arrived at the Downs on 9 June.[11]
EIC voyage 2 (1803-1804): Gordon sailed Wellesley for England, leaving Madras on 20 August 1803. She reached St Helena on 8 November, Ventry Harbour, Ireland, on 13 January 1804, and Carrick Road on 7 February. She arrived at the Downs on 24 February.[11]
Royal Navy service
The Admiralty purchased Wellesley in May 1804 and between May and August she was in the yards of Perry & Co, at Rotherhithe for fitting out. Further fitting took place at Woolwich Dockyard in November.[2][lower-alpha 2]
Weymouth was commissioned under the first commander, Captain Alexander Fraser, in August 1804. The following month Captain John Draper assumed command. Weymouth provided the naval escort for a convoy of five East Indiamen and two whalers that left Portsmouth on 1 February 1805. The Indiamen were Earl of Abergavenny, Royal George, Henry Addington, Wexford, and Bombay Castle. On 5 February the incompetence of her pilot caused the loss of Earl of Abergavenny and 263 of the people on board. The convoy continued on with Weymouth going on to India.
Weymouth returned to Britain in 1806, having left Madras on 8 September 1805 escorting Airly Castle, Baring, Duke of MontroseLord Hawkesbury, and Devaynes.[13] She was then fitted as a storeship at Woolwich, recommissioning in September 1807 under Commander Martin White. White made two voyages to the Mediterranean, after which she operated in the North Sea by 1809.[2]
She passed under a succession of masters over the next few years. While under the command of Richard Turner, master, in August 1815 she accompanied the 74-gunNorthumberland, and the troopship HMS Ceylon as Northumberland carried Napoleon into exile at Saint Helena.
She was at St Helena on 15 November 1815. On 14 September 1817, she was at Lebida (Leptis Magna), together with Aid. There they loaded columns, marbles, and other antiquities. Weymouth then left for Malta.[14] In March 1818, she delivered them at Deptford, together with a nine-ton granite head that at the time was believed to be that of Memnon, King of Abydos, Egypt. Henry Salte, the British Consul General to Egypt had sent it as a present to the British Museum,[15] and Weymouth had loaded it at Malta.
In 1820, Weymouth visited the Cape Colony. On this voyage she embarked 478 British 1820 Settlers at Portsmouth to take them to Algoa Bay. Captain Turner left Portsmouth on 7 January 1820, arrived in Table Bay on 25 April 1820.[16][17] At Simon's Bay, Weymouth took on board the immigrants that had come on Stentor. Weymouth arrived in Algoa Bay on 15 May 1820.
Weymouth was laid up in ordinary at Deptford in November 1821. Between February and October 1828 she was fitted out as a prison ship. In September William Miller became master, and in 1829 sailed her to Bermuda. There she served as a prison hulk.[2] On 12 September 1839, her bows were severely damaged in a hurricane at Ireland Island, Bermuda. She was described as a victualling depot ship of 1,160 tons.[18]
Weymouth was finally sold there for £300 on 2 July 1865 and was broken up.[2]
↑ This appears to refer to John Purrier and the firm of Lambert, Ross & Co., owned by the merchants David Ross, James Scott, and William Hollings.
↑ Lloyd's Register continued to show Wellesley as owned by Lambert, and with Gordon as master until 1813. Her armament was given as twelve 9-pounder and two 6-pounder guns.[12]
↑ The Northern Star Or Yorkshire Magazine: A Monthly and Permanent Register of the Statistics, Literature, Biography, Arts, Commerce, and Manufactures of Yorkshire, and the Adjoining Counties, (1818), Vol. 3, p.65.
↑ "Dreadful Hurricane at Bermuda". Caledonian Mercury. No.18695. Edinburgh. 7 November 1839.
Related Research Articles
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Experiment was launched in 1798 at Stockton-on-Tees, England. Between late 1800 and 1802 she made a voyage to India for the British East India Company (EIC). In 1803 she transported convicts to Port Jackson. In 1805, on her way home the French captured her, but the British recaptured her. In 1808 she became a West Indiaman. Still, in 1818 or so she sailed out to India. Experiment was condemned at Batavia in 1818 and sold there in 1819 for breaking up.
Porcher was launched in 1799 at Calcutta. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) from Bengal to England. A French privateer captured her in 1802, which gave rise to a case in French courts about the validity of the capture given the impending Treaty of Amiens. The French courts condemned her in prize and new owners in Bordeaux named her Ville de Bordeaux. The British recaptured her in 1804. Thereafter she traded between England and India as a licensed ship. In 1809 she sailed to England where in 1810 new owners renamed her Cambridge. As Cambridge she made three voyages for the EIC as an extra ship. In 1818 she was again sold with her new owners continuing to sail her to the Far East as a licensed ship. She then made two more voyages to India for the EIC. In 1840 she was sold to an American trading house at Canton, and then to the Qing Dynasty, which purchased her for the Imperial Chinese Navy. The British Royal Navy destroyed her on 27 February 1841 during the Battle of First Bar at the onset of the First Opium War.
Comet was launched in 1800 on the Thames. In 1801 she made a voyage under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). On her second voyage, in 1803, the French captured her. Still, in 1804 her previous owners were able to reacquire her. She then made another voyage for the EIC. On her return she first served as a troopship and then in the West Indies trade. She apparently was lost in 1815 or 1816.
Perseverance was built in 1797 at Stettin or Sweden and came into British hands in 1799. She made one voyage under charter to the British East India Company (EIC), and was lost in July 1803.
Georgiana was launched in 1791. She served as a merchantman, packet ship for the British East India Company (EIC), a whaler, a warship of the navy of the United States of America, and a merchant vessel again. She was sold after being condemned in 1818 as leaky.
Cecilia was launched in 1790, possibly at Pegu, Surat, Bombay, or Calcutta. She transferred to British registry in 1797 after sailing there under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She made one more voyage for the EIC and was wrecked in January 1804.
Fame was launched at Bristol in 1801 and repaired and measured in 1802 by Perry, on the Thames. She made two voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). On her third voyage a French frigate captured her. She apparently returned to British hands and was last listed in 1811.
Betsy was launched at Lancaster in 1793 as a West Indiaman. In 1801 she made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) to bring back rice at the behest of the British government. On her return she became a Baltic trader. She was lost in 1803.
Herculean was launched in 1799 at Shields. She made two voyages as an "extra ship", under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She then became a West Indiaman and foundered in 1806.
Caledonia was launched at Calcutta in 1795. She may have served as a transport in a British expedition to Ceylon and the Moluccas in 1795. She then made three voyages to England for the British East India Company (EIC). She was trading in India in 1803 when a fire destroyed her, with great loss of life.
Union was launched at Calcutta in 1801. She sailed to England and then made five voyages as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC), between 1805 and 1814. She was wrecked in late 1815 or early 1816.
Loyalist was launched in 1793. Between 1796 and 1803 she made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). She then sailed as a West Indiaman until she was condemned in 1809 as unseaworthy.
Skelton Castle was an East Indiaman launched in 1800. She made three complete voyages to India for the British East India Company (EIC). She disappeared without a trace in December 1806 while on the outward-bound leg of her fourth voyage.
Lord Forbes was launched at Chester in 1803 as a West Indiaman. She soon became an "armed defense ship", but by 1805 had returned to being a West Indiaman. She made two voyages as an "extra" ship for the British East India Company (EIC). She continued trading with India until 1817 when she sustained damage on her way to Bengal. There she was surveyed, condemned and sold.
Sovereign was launched at Rotherhithe in 1800 as a West Indiaman. The British East India Company (EIC) then took her up as an "extra" ship on several contracts; in all she made seven voyages as an East Indiaman for the EIC. After she left the EIC's service in 1817 she continued to trade with India, but under a license from the EIC. She was broken up in 1822.
Marchioness of Exeter was launched in 1801 as an East Indiaman of the British East India Company (EIC). She made seven complete voyages for the EIC. She then made one more voyage to Java, sailing under a license from the EIC. Her last voyage ended in 1819.
References
Bulley, Anne (2000). The Bombay Country Ships, 1790–1833. Routledge. ISBN978-0700712366.
Cory, George (1913). The Rise of South Africa: 1820–1834. Longmans, Green.
Grant, James (1803). The narrative of a voyage of discovery: Performed in the years 1800, 1801 and 1802 to New South Wales... Egerton.
Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN0-905617-96-7.
Schomberg, Isaac (1802). Naval Chronology, Or an Historical Summary of Naval and Maritime Events from the Time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace 1802: With an Appendix.
Smyth, William Henry (1854). The Mediterranean: A Memoir Physical, Historical, and Nautical. John W. Parker and Son.
Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN978-1-86176-246-7.
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