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Halomonadaceae is a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product or these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur. Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds. In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Chromohalobacter beijerinckii is a motile, rod-like, salt-loving, Gram-negative soil bacterium, 0.4–0.6 μm by 1.8–2.5 μm.
Acetofilamentum is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).
Desulfosporosinus is a genus of strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacteria, often found in soil.
Synergistes jonesii is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a rumen bacterium that degrades toxic pyridinediols including mimosine. It is obligately anaerobic, gram-negative and rod-shaped. It was discovered in 1981 by Raymond J. Jones in Hawaii and Jones' hypothesis was proven in 1986 by himself and R. G. Megarrity.
Glutamicibacter soli, also known as Arthrobacter soli, is a species of Gram-positive bacteria. Its type strain is SYB2T.
Halanaerobacter chitinovorans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a halophilic, anaerobic, chitinolytic bacterium. Its cells are long, gram-negative, motile, flexible rods.
Halomonas ventosae is a moderately halophilic, denitrifying, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium. Its type strain is Al12T.
Desulfotomaculum arcticum is a spore-forming, moderately thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium. Its type strain is 15T.
Halomonas desiderata is an alkaliphilic, halotolerant and denitrifying bacterium first isolated from a municipal sewage works.
Desulfobacter halotolerans is a halotolerant, acetate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is mesophilic and rod-shaped, with type strain GSL-Ac1.
Tepidibacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae.
Geobacillus jurassicus is a thermophilic bacterium first isolated from a high-temperature petroleum reservoir. It is aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped, moderately thermophilic, chemoorganotrophic, and endospore-forming, with type species DS1T.
Psychroflexus sediminis is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, slightly halophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from a salt lake in Qaidam Basin in China.
Desulfospira is a Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.
Coprothermobacterota is a newly proposed phylum of nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria.
Thermophagus is a moderately thermophilic and strictly anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Marinilabiliaceae with one known species. Thermophagus xiamenensis has been isolated from sediments from a hot spring from Xiamen in China.
Orenia marismortui is a Gram-negative, spore-forming, rod-shaped, anaerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Orenia which has been isolated from sediments from the shore of the Dead Sea.
Halocella is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic and moderately halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Halanaerobiaceae with one known species. Halocella cellulosilytica has been isolated from the hypersaline lagoon of the Lake Syvash on the Crimea.
References
- ↑ "Species: Halobacteroides halobius". lpsn.dsmz.de.
- 1 2 Oren, Aharon; Weisburg, William G.; Kessel, Martin; Woese, Carl R. (1984). "Halobacteroides halobius gen. nov., sp. nov., a Moderately Halophic Anaerobic Bacterium from the Bottom Sediments of the Dead Sea". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 5 (1): 58–70. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(84)80051-X. ISSN 0723-2020.
