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A handguard (also known as the forend or forearm ) on firearms is a barrel shroud specifically designed to allow the user a more frontal grip of the weapon. It provides a safe heat-insulated surface for the user's hand to firmly hold onto without needing to worry about getting burned by the barrel, which may become very hot when firing. It can also serve as an attachment platform for secondary weapons (such as an underslung M203 grenade launcher or M26-MASS) as well as accessories such as bipods, tactical lights, laser sights, night-vision devices, foregrips/handstops, slings and a variety of other attachments.
Handguards are available in 2 different variations: free-floating and drop-in. They also use a number of mounting systems with the main ones being M-LOK, KeyMod, and Picatinny.
When talking about melee weapons, a "handguard" refers to the crossguard (also known as the quillons or crosstree), the enlarged front part of a sword, saber or knife/dagger's hilt, which protects the wielder's hands from an opponent's blade sliding towards the hilt, or prevents the wielder's own hand and fingers from accidentally slipping onto the blade when stabbing.
Free-floating handguards, also referred to as "floating" handguards, have seen a rise in popularity in the recent years. They work by only attaching to the firearm at one point (on the barrel nut by the upper receiver) while the remainder of the handguard does not make contact with the barrel. This gives the impression that the handguard is "floating" around the barrel, hence the name.
Free-floating handguards have been known to increase accuracy between 0.5-0.75 MOA (0.15-0.2 mrad) compared to their drop-in counterparts. The reason for this increase in accuracy is due to the avoidance of an issue known as barrel warping.
Barrel warping occurs when the handguard makes contact with the barrel which then slightly alters the barrel's angle reducing accuracy. An instance where this would occur would be when a rifle is propped up against a surface during or when a bipod is used. Force exerted onto the handguard pushes back up against the barrel which in turn changes the barrel's angle reducing accuracy. The angle may seem insignificant, however, even a slight deviation can be magnified causing the shot to be widely off down range.
Free float handguards do not suffer from barrel warping due to the fact that the handguard floats around but does not make contact with the barrel. Force exerted onto the handguard is not pushed back onto the barrel which allows for an increase in accuracy.
The IMIGalil is a family of Israeli made automatic rifles designed by Yisrael Galil and Yaacov Lior in the late 1960s, and produced by Israel Military Industries (IMI). The design is closely based on the Valmet Rk 62, which is itself an improved version of the Soviet AK-47. The first Galils were manufactured using Valmet Rk 62 receivers. Most Galils are chambered for either the 5.56×45mm NATO or 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges. The Galil series of weapons is in use with military and police forces in over 25 countries.
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long range rifle. Requirements include accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment and optics for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses of the military sniper. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired weapon system with a choice between bolt-action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.
The Colt Canada C7 is a Canadian rifle, manufactured by Colt Canada, having similar design and function to the Colt M16A3.
The M60, officially the United States Machine Gun, Caliber 7.62 mm, M60, is a family of American general-purpose machine guns firing 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges from a disintegrating belt of M13 links. There are several types of ammunition approved for use in the M60, including ball, tracer, and armor-piercing rounds.
The Accuracy International Arctic Warfare rifle is a bolt-action sniper rifle designed and manufactured by the British company Accuracy International. It has proved popular as a civilian, police, and military rifle since its introduction in the 1980s. The rifles have some features that improve performance in very cold conditions without impairing operation in less extreme conditions.
The United States Navy Mark 12 Mod 0/1 Special Purpose Rifle (SPR) is a semi-automatic designated marksman rifle that was in service with United States Special Operations Forces in the designated marksman role until 2017, also designed to be shorter than standard weapons. SPR initially stood for Special Purpose Receiver, but that nomenclature has been replaced as the weapon became a stand-alone weapons system, and not just an add-on upper receiver assembly.
The Squad Advanced Marksman Rifle (SAM-R) was a semi-automatic designated marksman rifle developed and used by the United States Marine Corps. It gave users the capability to provide precision fire in support of a rifle squad, providing precision fire in support of an assault, and aid in observation and adjusting of supporting arms. The SAM-R was retired by the U.S. military in the mid-2010s and thus is no longer in service, having been replaced by the M27 IAR.
A bipod is an attachment, usually to a weapon, that helps support and steady it. The bipod provides significant stability along two axes of motion.
The United States Army Squad Designated Marksman Rifle (SDM-R) is a heavily modified M16-series rifle intended to provide increased accuracy at longer ranges, giving infantry squads greater firepower.
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached. The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.
The SR-25 is a designated marksman rifle designed by Eugene Stoner and manufactured by Knight's Armament Company.
The Mark 48, or Mk 48, or Maximi is a lightweight belt-fed machine gun, firing 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges from a disintegrating belt of ammunition.
The Colt Automatic Rifle or Colt Light Machine Gun is a 5.56 mm NATO, open-bolt, full-automatic-only firearm developed by Colt Defense. It is based on the M16A2/A4, and has a distinctive squared-off handguard, vertical grip, carrying handle and integrated bipod.
The Barrett REC7 is an American firearm manufactured as a selective-fire fully-automatic and semi-automatic rifle by Barrett Firearms. It is an M4 carbine utilizing a short-stroke gas piston system. REC7 is available in either 5.56×45mm NATO or 6.8mm Remington SPC. The REC7 is Barrett’s second AR-pattern rifle chambered for the 6.8mm Remington SPC cartridge, the first being the Barrett M468 rifle. The 6.8 SPC-chambered M468 rifle employed the same direct gas-impingement system as the M4.
Rail systems on firearms are straight mounting brackets on the gun's receiver, handguard or fore-end stock to allow sliding/variable-position attachment of optical sights and accessories such as tactical lights, laser sights, vertical/angled foregrips and bipods. An example of just a few options that may be used depending on a mission's need for the M4 is SOPMOD. Amongst many other accessories like sling attachment points. Which may be ether ring,loop and/or quick detach mounts using push button style hardware. To name just a few of the many options. An advantage with the multiple rail slots is the moveable positions to adjust for optimal placement of each item for each different user. Along with the ability to switch different items at different placements due to varying eye reliefs on gun sights, scopes & optics. Tactical usage and Shooting sports have both benefited from the extra options provided.
A free-floating barrel is a firearm design used in precision rifles, particularly match grade benchrest rifles, to accurize the weapon system.
The AS50 is a .50 BMG anti-materiel precision rifle manufactured by British firearms producer Accuracy International. The AS50 enables operators to engage targets at very long range with high accuracy using explosive or incendiary ammunition. The AS50 employs a gas operated semi-automatic action and muzzle brake, allowing for lower recoil than the AW50 bolt-action rifle and faster target acquisition. The rifle is highly transportable, ergonomic and lightweight. It can be disassembled in less than three minutes and serviced without tools.
The Desert Tech Stealth Recon Scout (SRS) is a bolt-action sniper rifle developed by the Utah-based firearm manufacturer Desert Tech. It was unveiled at the 2008 SHOT Show. It is known for its bullpup design.
KeyMod is a universal interface system for firearm accessory components designed to supersede the MIL-STD-1913 accessory rails. The concept was first created by VLTOR Weapon Systems of Tucson, Arizona, and released through Noveske Rifleworks of Grants Pass, Oregon, before being published open sourced in the public domain for adoption by the entire firearms accessory industry. The name "KeyMod" was coined by Eric Kincel following the naming trend of other VLTOR accessories with the suffix "Mod" meaning modular, and "Key" being a reference to the key-hole profile of the mounting slots.
M-LOK, standing for Modular Lock, is a free licensed firearm rail interface system developed and patented by Magpul Industries.