M203 grenade launcher

Last updated
Launcher, Grenade, 40mm, M203
PEO M203A2 Grenade Launcher.jpg
M203A2
Type Grenade launcher
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1969–present [1]
Used bySee Users
Wars Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Cambodian Civil War
Civil conflict in the Philippines
Sino-Vietnamese War
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts (1979–1991)
Third Indochina War
Soviet–Afghan War
Falklands War [2]
Gulf War
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Iraq War
War in Iraq (2013–2017)
Syrian Civil War
Israel-Hamas war
Production history
Designer AAI
Designed1967–68
Manufacturer Colt Defense
Diemaco
Airtronic USA
RM Equipment
U.S. Ordnance
Knight's Armament Company
Lewis Machine & Tool Company
Unit costUS$1,082 [3]
Produced1969–present
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass3 lb (1.36 kg) (unloaded)
LengthM203/M203A2: 15 in (380 mm);
M203A1: 12 in (305mm);
Barrel  lengthM203/M203A2: 12 in (305 mm);
M203A1: 9 in (230mm);
Cartridge 40×46mm SR
Action Single shot
Rate of fire 5 to 7 round/min aimed shots
15 to 17 round/min area suppression
Muzzle velocity 250 ft/s (76 m/s)
Effective firing range382 yds (350 m) fire-team sized area target; 164 yds (150 m) vehicle or weapon point target
Maximum firing range437 yds (400 m)
SightsQuadrant sight or ladder sight on rifle
Crystal Project video camera.png
Video of M203 grenade launcher with indirect fire sight (IFS) being fired (0:39)

The M203 is a single-shot 40 mm under-barrel grenade launcher designed to attach to a rifle. It uses the same rounds as the older stand-alone M79 break-action grenade launcher, which utilizes the high-low propulsion system to keep recoil forces low. While compatible with many weapons, the M203 was originally designed and produced by the United States military for the M16 rifle and its carbine variant, the M4. The launcher can also be mounted onto a C7, a Canadian version of the M16 rifle; this requires the prior removal of the bottom handguard.

Contents

Stand-alone variants of the M203 exist, [4] as do versions designed specifically for many other rifles. The device attaches under the barrel, the launcher trigger being in the rear of the launcher, just forward of the rifle magazine. The rifle magazine functions as a hand grip when firing the M203. A separate, right-handed only, sighting system is added to rifles fitted with the M203, as the rifle's standard sights are not matched to the launcher. The version fitted to the Canadian C7 has a sight attached to the side of the launcher, either on the left or right depending on the user's needs.

History

The M203 was the only part of the United States Army's Special Purpose Individual Weapon (SPIW) project to go into production. The M203 has been in service since 1969 [1] and was introduced to US military forces during the early 1970s, replacing the M79 grenade launcher and the conceptually similar Colt XM148 design. However, while the M79 was a stand-alone weapon (and usually the primary weapon of troops who carried it), the M203 was designed as an under-barrel device attached to an existing rifle. Because the size and weight of 40 mm ammunition limits the quantities that can be carried, and because a grenade is often not an appropriate weapon for all engagements (such as when the target is at close range or near friendly troops), an under-barrel system has the advantage of allowing its user to also carry a rifle, and to easily switch between the two.

A new grenade launcher, the M320, will eventually replace the M203 in the United States Army. The United States Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Navy continued to use the older M203, [5] although the Marines began issuing the M320 in June 2017. [6] The M320 features an advanced day/night sight, a double-action firing mechanism (as opposed to the M203's single-action) as well as other benefits, such as an unobstructed side-loading breech. [7]

Uses

The M203 grenade launcher is intended to be used as close fire support against point and area targets. The round is designed to be effective at breaking through windows and exploding inside, blowing up doors, producing multiple casualties, destroying bunkers or emplacements, and damaging or disabling soft-skinned vehicles. In the Vietnam War, U.S. Navy and Coast Guard personnel on boats would lob 40 mm grenades into the water (using the M79 grenade launcher), to preemptively attack Viet Cong swimmers ("sappers") attempting to plant explosives on anchored or moored U.S. watercraft.

Its primary purpose is to engage enemies in dead space that cannot be reached by direct fire. A well-trained M203 gunner can use their weapon to suppress the enemy, based on movement and sight. In addition, the M203 can be used as a crowd control weapon when equipped with the M651 tactical CS (tear gas) grenade. While classified primarily as an anti-personnel weapon, the shaped charge featured in the HEDP round gives it the capability to penetrate lightly armored vehicles.

Rounds

The M203 is able to fire a variety of different rounds for many purposes. According to the U.S. Army Field Manual FM 3-22.31 40-MM Grenade Launcher, M203, [8] there are eight different rounds for the M203:

40 mm ammunition line drawings Sam79amo.PNG
40 mm ammunition line drawings
An M16A2 rifle equipped with an M203 grenade launcher lies in the grass near some of the types of 40 mm ammunition available for use with the M203. The cartridges are, from left to right, multiple projectile, practice, green star flare, white star flare, red star flare and high explosive dual purpose. M16 M203 40mm ammunition.JPEG
An M16A2 rifle equipped with an M203 grenade launcher lies in the grass near some of the types of 40 mm ammunition available for use with the M203. The cartridges are, from left to right, multiple projectile, practice, green star flare, white star flare, red star flare and high explosive dual purpose.

Components

The M203 grenade launcher system comes with a variety of components, usually including the launcher, adapters for attachment to assault rifles, and leaf sights (which can be used with the rifle's front sight post). M203s can also come with quadrant sights, mounting to an MIL-STD 1913 Rail, or to the carrying handle of an M16 rifle.

Variants

M16A2 with an M203 M16A2 Rifle with M203 Grenade Launcher (7414627064).jpg
M16A2 with an M203
M4A1 with an M203A2 M4 Carbine with M203 Grenade Launcher (7414626424).jpg
M4A1 with an M203A2

There are numerous variants of the M203 manufactured in the U.S., and throughout the world, for various applications. These vary chiefly in the length of the barrel, attachment type, and quick detach (QD) capability.

The standard M203 is intended for permanent attachment to the M16A1, M16A2 and M16A3 rifles, and utilizes a 12 in (30 cm) rifled barrel. The M203 unmodified to an A1/A2 series will not fit on the M4 carbine series.

The U.S. M203A1 has a barrel of 12 inches, while the SOPMOD M203A1 has a 9 in (23 cm) barrel. The M203A1 is intended for use with the M4 and M4A1 carbines, and uses a special bracket mount consisting of three screws and lacing wire. Only M203A2s consist of a quick release bracket.

The Canadian M203A1 by Diemaco (now Colt Canada) is a similar design with a different mounting system that does not require mounting points of the same profile as the M16A1 rifle's. [16] The weapon's 9 in (23 cm) barrel slides further forward than the standard American models, which allows longer rounds to be loaded. [16] This model is identifiable by the increased distance between the grenade launcher's barrel axis and the rifle's. [16] This weapon may no longer be in production, but is still in use.

The M203A2 is intended for use with the M4 series/M16A4 and now also authorized on the M16A2 rifle as the modular weapon system (MWS). Using standard 12 in (30 cm) barrels, the grenade launcher is intended for use in concert with the Knight's Armament Company M5 RAS. The M5 MWS rail system became authorized in December 2008 for the M16A2 Rifle. An advantage of this system is the use of range-finding optics to make precise targeting easier.

The M203PI system is used for attachment of the M203 to other rifles, including, but not limited to, the Steyr AUG, Heckler & Koch G3, and the MP5 sub-machine gun. Most of these other companies have since devised 40 mm grenade launchers custom integrated with the weapon.

The M203 DAX has a double-action trigger and longer breech opening to accommodate less-lethal rounds.

The M203 and M203A1 are currently manufactured by AIRTRONIC USA, Inc. of Elk Grove Village, Illinois for the U.S. Department of Defense under contract numbers W52H09-06-D-0200 and W52H09-06-D-0225. Each contract is for up to 12,000 units. Each unit is shipped with hand guard, leaf sight and quadrant range sight. The contracts unit prices vary from $840 to $1,050 each. The production rate is 1,500 units per month. The M203PI is manufactured for both the U.S. Department of Defense and for commercial sales to law enforcement agencies both in the United States and abroad, and for foreign military sales by RM-Equipment Inc. of Miami, Florida.

The Turkish MKEK made T-40 grenade launcher is based on the M203. [17]

The M203 37 mm version became available on the U.S. market in 2017. It is available in a 9 in (23 cm) and a 12 in (30 cm) barrel version. They are scroll marked: "Launcher, Grenade M203 40mm", even though they are actually 37 mm devices. These 37 mm versions are considered a "title 1 firearm", and are not classified as "destructive devices" under the NFA. These launchers can be sold the same as regular firearms on an ATF Form 4473. [18]

Users

Irish soldier with a Steyr AUG with a short-barreled M203 grenade launcher Pte Corey Dwyer UNDOF Syria (14381662446) (2).jpg
Irish soldier with a Steyr AUG with a short-barreled M203 grenade launcher
Malaysian Pasukan Gerakan Khas member with a Heckler & Koch MP5 with the RM Equipment M203PI grenade launcher 2015 National Day Parade, Kuala Lumpur AB16.JPG
Malaysian Pasukan Gerakan Khas member with a Heckler & Koch MP5 with the RM Equipment M203PI grenade launcher
Israeli soldier with an IWI Tavor-21 rifle fitted with M203 grenade launcher Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Pose for the Camera.jpg
Israeli soldier with an IWI Tavor-21 rifle fitted with M203 grenade launcher
South Korean Daewoo K2 rifle with K201 US Marines operate ROK weapons 150205-M-RZ020-004.jpg
South Korean Daewoo K2 rifle with K201
Map with M203 grenade launcher users in blue M203 Users.png
Map with M203 grenade launcher users in blue

Civilian ownership in the United States

In the United States, M203 grenade launcher attachments fitted with the standard rifled 40 mm barrels are classified as "destructive devices" under the National Firearms Act (NFA) part 26 U.S.C. 5845, 27 CFR 479.11, [41] because they are a "non-sporting" firearm with a bore greater than one-half inch in diameter. M203s are on the civilian NFA market but are limited as most manufacturers have quit selling to the civilian markets. New M203 launchers sell for approximately $2,000 plus a $200 transfer tax, and new manufacture 40 mm training ammunition is available for $5 to $10 per cartridge, as of March 2011. High explosive 40 mm grenades are available for $400 to $500 per cartridge; however, they are exceedingly rare on the civilian market, as each grenade constitutes a destructive device on its own, and must be registered with the federal government, requiring payment of a $200 tax and compliance with storage regulations for high explosives. There are also sub-caliber adapters available for the 40 mm M203 (and M79) grenade launchers, which will allow the use of standard 12-gauge shotgun shells [42] and .22 rimfire ammo. [43]

In 2017, a 37 mm civilian version became available on the market that is not considered an NFA weapon. As the 37 mm version is not classified as a "destructive device", it can be sold to the general public on the same ATF Form 4473 as most other firearms. The 37 mm launcher can use 37 mm flare rounds already available on the market. This civilian version sells for around $2,000 and accessories such as quick detach mounts and a quadrant sight are also available. [18]

Data

Range qualification with an M203 using the leaf sight M203 Shooting.jpg
Range qualification with an M203 using the leaf sight

The following technical data for the M203/M203A1 grenade launcher comes directly from the U.S. Army Field Manual FM 3-22.31 40-MM Grenade Launcher, M203. [8]

Note: some data differs for versions that attach to the M4 carbine.

The 40 mm grenades used in the M203 (40 × 46 mm) are not the same as those used by the Mk 19 grenade launcher (40 × 53 mm), which are fired at higher velocities)

See also

Other under-barrel grenade launchers

Related

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M16 rifle</span> American assault rifle

The M16 rifle is a family of assault rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military. The original M16 rifle was a 5.56×45mm automatic rifle with a 20-round magazine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grenade launcher</span> Weapon designed to fire large-caliber explosive, smoke, or gas projectiles

A grenade launcher is a weapon that fires a specially designed, large-caliber projectile, often with an explosive, smoke, or gas warhead. Today, the term generally refers to a class of dedicated firearms firing unitary grenade cartridges. The most common type are man-portable, shoulder-fired weapons issued to individuals, although larger crew-served launchers are issued at higher levels of organization by military forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M4 carbine</span> American assault rifle

The M4 carbine is a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle developed in the United States during the 1980s. It is a shortened version of the M16A2 assault rifle.

The Colt Canada C7 and C8 are a Canadian family of service rifles, manufactured by Colt Canada, having similar design and function to the Colt M16A3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heckler & Koch XM8</span> Assault rifle

The Heckler & KochXM8 is a lightweight assault rifle system developed from the late 1990s to early 2000s. The rifle was designed by German small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch (H&K), and shares design and engineering with their G36 rifle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M79 grenade launcher</span> Grenade launcher

The M79 grenade launcher is a single-shot, shoulder-fired, break-action grenade launcher that fires a 40×46mm grenade, which uses what the US Army calls the High-Low Propulsion System to keep recoil forces low, and first appeared during the Vietnam War. Its distinctive report has earned it colorful nicknames, such as "Thumper", "Thump-Gun", "Bloop Tube", "Big Ed", "Elephant Gun", and "Blooper" among American soldiers as well as "Can Cannon" in reference to the grenade size; Australian units referred to it as the "Wombat Gun". The M79 can fire a wide variety of 40 mm rounds, including explosive, anti-personnel, smoke, buckshot, flechette, and illumination. While largely replaced by the M203, the M79 has remained in service in many units worldwide in niche roles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CAR-15</span> Carbine of the United States

The Colt Automatic Rifle-15 or CAR-15 is a family of M16 rifle–based firearms marketed by Colt in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, the term "CAR-15" is most commonly associated with the Colt Commando ; these select-fire carbines have ultrashort 10.5-inch (270 mm) and 11.5-inch (290 mm) barrels with over-sized flash suppressors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System</span> Underbarrel Shotgun

The M26-MASS is a shotgun configured as an underbarrel ancillary weapon attachment mounted onto the handguard of a service rifle, usually the M16/M4 family of United States military, essentially making the host weapon a combination gun. It can also be operated as a stand-alone shotgun by attachment to a pistol grip/collapsible buttstock module. Rollout commenced in 2013, replacing the Mossberg 500 shotguns in service.

The FNSCAR is a family of gas-operated short-stroke gas piston automatic rifles developed by Belgian manufacturer FN Herstal (FN) in 2004. It is constructed with modularity for the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) to satisfy the requirements of the SCAR competition. This family of rifles consists of two main types. The SCAR-L, for "light", is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and the SCAR-H, for "heavy", is chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO. Both types are available in Close Quarters Combat (CQC), Standard (STD), and Long Barrel (LB) variants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heckler & Koch AG36</span> Grenade launcher

The AG36 is a single-shot 40 mm grenade launcher that operates on the high-low system and was designed primarily for installation on the G36 assault rifle, designed by the German weapons manufacturing company Heckler & Koch of Oberndorf am Neckar. It originally appeared as Heckler & Koch's candidate for the US Army's Enhanced Grenade Launcher requirement, evaluated for use with the XM8 and FN SCAR rifles. As is commonly mistaken, the "A" is not an addition to the name "G36", which is short for Gewehr 36, but is in fact an abbreviation of the German Anbaugranatwerfer, literally meaning "attached grenade launcher" and the 36 coming from the name of the primary weapon it was designed to enhance – the G36. It can also be used dismounted, with a stock attached as a stand-alone model, or a LLM01 laser light module can be attached to it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XM148 grenade launcher</span> Grenade Launcher

The XM148 was an experimental 40 mm grenade launcher developed by Colt Firearms as the CGL-4. Colt manufactured the launcher for field testing during the Vietnam War era. After problems with the experimental design were discovered, the XM148 was replaced by AAI Corporation's conceptually similar M203 design, which became the primary grenade launcher used by the US armed forces and others until its ongoing replacement with the M320.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M320 Grenade Launcher Module</span> Grenade launcher

M320 Grenade Launcher Module (GLM) is the U.S. military's designation for a new single-shot 40 mm grenade launcher system to replace the M203 for the U.S. Army, while other services initially kept using the older M203. The M320 uses the same High-Low Propulsion System as the M203.

The M576 is a US Army designation for a 2.646 in (67.2 mm) long and 0.254 lb (0.12 kg) heavy US 40mm grenade buckshot load used in the M79, M203, M320, and M32 MGL grenade launchers. It is olive drab with black markings. It was designed to give the soldier carrying a grenade launcher a powerful cartridge for close quarters combat with the maximum range at 98 ft such as found in clearing buildings, bunkers, and trenches, as well as thick vegetation at 885 ft/s (269 m/s).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heckler & Koch HK69A1</span> Grenade launcher

The HK69A1 is a 40 mm grenade launcher developed and produced by the German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch (H&K). The weapon was designed to engage enemy troops and strongpoints out to a distance of 350 m; it can also be used to deploy smoke grenades and illumination flares.

The MEI Hellhound 40 mm low-velocity multi-purpose grenade is a fixed-type munition designed to be fired from a 40×46mm grenade launcher such as the M79, M203, M320, or Milkor MK-1. The round consists of a metal projectile body, a fuze, and a cartridge case assembly. Upon impact with the target, the firing pin is driven into the detonator, which in turn sets off the round, producing a jet which sets off the explosive from the base forward. This results in an armor-piercing jet of molten metal and fragmentation of the projectile body. The MEI Hellhound uses the same high-low propulsion system as other 40 mm grenade launchers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heckler & Koch AG-C/EGLM</span> Grenade launcher

The AG-C/EGLM is a single-shot 40 mm grenade launcher that attaches to assault rifles of various types. It is manufactured by Heckler and Koch and is derived from the AG36. EGLM stands for "Enhanced Grenade Launching Module". A stand-alone variant exists. The device attaches under the barrel. A separate sighting system is added to rifles fitted with the AG-C/EGLM, as the rifle's standard sights are not matched to the launcher. The AG-C/EGLM can fire high-explosive, smoke, illuminating, buckshot direct fire, CS gas, and training grenades.

The MEI Mercury is a family of medium-range low-impulse 40mm grenade (40×46mmSR) developed by Martin Electronics, Inc. (MEI) that can reach out to 800 meters. The rounds are a fixed type ammunition designed to be fired from a 40 mm Grenade Launcher such as the M79, M203, M320, or Milkor MK-1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milkor MGL</span> Revolver grenade launcher

The Milkor MGL is a lightweight 40 mm six-shot revolver-type grenade launcher developed and manufactured in South Africa by Milkor (Pty) Ltd. The MGL was demonstrated as a concept to the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1981. The MGL was then officially accepted into service with the SADF as the Y2. After its introduction in 1983, the MGL was gradually adopted by the armed forces and law enforcement organizations of over 50 countries. Total production since 1983 has been more than 50,000 units.

The Pike is a precision-guided mini-missile or grenade munition designed by Raytheon. It is a 40 mm guided munition that can be fired from the barrel of a Heckler & Koch M320 Grenade Launcher Module and FN Enhanced Grenade Launching Module (EGLM) like a standard 40mm grenade, but is powered by a rocket motor to propel it 2,000 m to give infantrymen improved extended-range precision capabilities. The weapon uses a digital, semi-active laser seeker to guide itself to within five meters of the target; it can operate in a two-man shooter/spotter team or by the grenadier alone lazing after firing, as it can fly for 15 seconds before homing in. When fired, Pike has a small propellant to "kick" it 2.5–3 m (8.2–9.8 ft) out of the tube before the nearly smokeless motor ignites, and range is dependent on firing angle. The munition is effective against fixed and slow-moving mid-range targets, using a 6⁄10 lb blast fragmentation warhead with a 10-meter lethality radius. Raytheon developed the weapon for three years in collaboration with Nammo Talley, which developed the warhead and propulsion system. The Pike is intended to be more accurate with a longer range than rocket propelled grenades (RPGs) and standard rifle grenades, while being far lighter and more cost-effective than current infantry guided weapons like the $78,000 each FGM-148 Javelin. Further improvements could include different fuses, multiple-round simultaneous programming and targeting with data-link capabilities, and platform integration onto small boats, vehicles, and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Pike weighs 1.7 lb (0.77 kg) and is 16.8 in (43 cm) long, too long to fit in the breech of the M203 grenade launcher. At AUSA 2015, Raytheon revealed they had performed two successful test firings of the Pike.

References

  1. 1 2 "Heckler&Koch". Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  2. ↑ "Guns of the Falklands War".
  3. ↑ M203 40mm Grenade Launcher.
  4. ↑ Knight's Armament. "Military". Knight's Armament. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  5. ↑ Army smart grenades can sense walls - Armytimes.com, 10 January 2015
  6. ↑ Out with the old, in with the new: Marines test new grenade launcher module Archived 2017-06-13 at the Wayback Machine - Marines.mil, 9 June 2017
  7. ↑ "XM320 Grenade Launcher Module And XM26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System - Army Magazine". Archived from the original on February 8, 2006.
  8. 1 2 Headquarters Department of the Army 2003.
  9. ↑ Headquarters Department of the Army 2003, p. 3-8.
  10. 1 2 Headquarters Department of the Army 2003, p. 3-9.
  11. ↑ Headquarters Department of the Army 2003, p. 3-10.
  12. ↑ Headquarters Department of the Army 2003, p. 3-11.
  13. 1 2 Headquarters Department of the Army 2003, pp. 3-11−3-12.
  14. ↑ United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law (2003). Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session on H.R. 1036, April 2, 2003. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 17. ISBN   978-0-16-070377-5 . Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  15. ↑ Headquarters Department of the Army 2003, p. 3-12.
  16. 1 2 3 Diemaco M203A1. Archived 2017-08-24 at Wikiwix Retrieved on January 5, 2008.
  17. ↑ "Weapon". Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  18. 1 2 "Colt M203 37mm Grenade Launcher - M4 Profile 12 Barrel". ArmsUnlimited.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-16.
  19. ↑ "Afghan National Security Forces Order of Battle" (PDF). Long War Journal. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rottman, Gordon L. (21 September 2017). US Grenade Launchers: M79, M203, and M320. Osprey Publishing. p. 37. ISBN   978-1-4728-1952-9. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN   978-0-7106-2869-5.
  22. ↑ "Task Force Afghanistan Photos". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
  23. ↑ "Junior commanders lead during tactical live fire exercise". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
  24. ↑ Frida Berrigan and Michelle Ciarrocca (2000-11-01). "Report: Profiling the Small Arms Industry - World Policy Institute - Research Project". World Policy Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
  25. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2010-11-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  26. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2010-04-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ↑ "Modern Firearms". 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 18 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  28. ↑ "40mm rauaalune granaadiheitja M203". mil.ee. Estonian Defence Forces. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  29. ↑ "Modern Firearms". Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  30. ↑ "Army Weapons - M203 Grenade Launcher". Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  31. ↑ "Colt / AAI M203 40mm Single-Shot, Breech-Loading Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) Specifications and Pictures". www.militaryfactory.com. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
  32. ↑ "M203". Archived from the original on 2014-12-24.
  33. ↑ Alpers, Philip (2010). Karp, Aaron (ed.). The Politics of Destroying Surplus Small Arms: Inconspicuous Disarmament. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge Books. pp. 168–169. ISBN   978-0-415-49461-8.
  34. ↑ Will Bundy (2012-12-14). "THE COCONUT REVOLUTION". Wine & Bowties. Archived from the original on 2017-08-23. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
  35. ↑ "Archive for Floro FIC M203 40 mm under-barrel grenade-launcher (Philippines), Light support weapons". Jane's Information Group. 2010-09-09. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
  36. ↑ FIC M203 40 mm under-barrel grenade launcher, official page on the manufacturer's website Archived 2011-07-04 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 11, 2010
  37. ↑ "Google Sites". sites.google.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-24.
  38. ↑ "SAS - Weapons - M203". www.eliteukforces.info. Archived from the original on 2017-08-03.
  39. ↑ "Việt Nam tích hợp súng phóng lựu Mỹ lên khẩu Galil ACE". Archived from the original on 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
  40. ↑ "Ukraine launches production of UGL-40 grenade launchers". Militarnyi. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  41. ↑ ATF NFA Handbook, Chapter 2 Archived 2008-09-20 at the Wayback Machine .
  42. ↑ "12ga". Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  43. ↑ "RANDY SHIVAK - PRODUCTS". Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2014.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.