LAV 6

Last updated
LAV 6
Saint-Andre-Avelin 27 avril 2019 VBL.jpg
Canadian LAV 6 at Saint-André-Avelin, April 2019.
Type Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Place of origin Canada
Service history
In service2016–present [1] [2]
Used bySee Operators
Production history
DesignerGeneral Dynamics Land Systems - Canada [1] [2]
Designed2009–2011 [1]
ManufacturerGeneral Dynamics Land Systems - Canada, General Dynamics Mission Systems - Canada [1]
Produced2012–2019 (LAV 6), 2020–present (ACSV) [1] [2]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
MassBasic: 20,638 kilograms (20.638 tonnes), Add-on Armour: 28,576 kilograms (28.576 tonnes) [1] [3]
Length7.827 metres (25 ft 8.1 in) [1] [3]
Width3.250 metres (10 ft 8.0 in) [1] [3]
Height3.266 metres (10 ft 8.6 in) [1] [3]
Crew3 [1] [3]
Passengers8 [1] [3]
Main
armament
1 x M242 Bushmaster (210rnds) or 1 x RWS C6 GPMG (2,200rnds) [1] [3]
Secondary
armament
 C6 GPMG [1] [3]
Engine Caterpillar C9 Turbo-charged six-cylinder Diesel [1] [3]
450 hp
Power/weight15.7 hp/t [1] [2]
SuspensionIndependent Hydropneumatic [1]
Fuel capacity207 litres (46 imperial gallons; 55 US gallons) [3]
Operational
range
Road: 600 km (370 mi)
Cross country: 450 km (280 mi) [1] [3]
Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph), Offroad: 40 km/h (25 mph) [1] [3]

The LAV 6, sometimes written as LAV 6.0 or LAV VI, is the fourth generation of LAV, and is based on the LAV III. The first vehicles were delivered in 2013 and after testing entered service in 2016. [1] [2] [4] The Canadian Army plans to replace its entire LAV fleet of various LAV II and LAV III variants with the LAV 6. The vehicle is being acquired in two main variants: a fighting vehicle equipped with the 25mm cannon seen on the LAV II and LAV III, and a support variant labelled the Armoured Combat Support Vehicle (ACSV).

Contents

History

In July 2009, the Canadian Department of National Defence announced that $5 billion would be spent to enhance, replace and repair the Army's armoured vehicles. Part of the spending would be used to replace and repair damaged LAV III's due to wear and tear from operations in Afghanistan. As many as one third of the Army's light armoured vehicles were out of service. [5] The LAV III's will be upgraded with improved protection and automotive components. [6]

The Canadian Armed Forces has lost over 34 vehicles and 359 were damaged during the mission in Afghanistan. The Canadian Army has lost 13 LAVs and more than 159 were damaged by roadside bombs or enemy fire. [7] Of the $5 billion announced, approximately 20% of it will be used to upgrade LAV III models. The upgrade will extend the LAV III life span to 2035. The remaining $4 billion is to be spent on a "new family of land combat vehicles". [8]

The Department of National Defence considered the purchase of vehicles meant to accompany the Leopard 2 and to sustain the LAV III into combat. The CV90, the Puma (IFV) and the Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie were the most likely candidates for the role. A contract of 108 with an option for up to 30 more was considered, [9] [10] [11] but a combination of budget cuts and upgrades to the existing fleet of LAV IIIs have led the Canadian Army to cancel its order for 108 CV90s. [12]

In October 2011, the Canadian government announced a $1.1 billion contract to General Dynamics Land Systems to upgrade 550 LAV III combat vehicles. The government said the upgrade is needed to improve protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), which have been the cause of a number of Canadian deaths in Afghanistan. The improvements will also extend the service of the vehicles up to 2035 and will boost troop mobility. [13] [14] [15]

The upgrades include a new and more powerful engine, increased armour protection, steering and brake systems. The turret hatches on the LAV III would be made larger and improved fire control, thermal, day and low-light sights, and data displays. The weight of the vehicle would increase from 38,000 pounds (17,000 kg) to 55,000 pounds (25,000 kg). [16] [17] The first of 66 upgraded LAV IIIs was delivered in February 2013. [18] The success of the upgrade program and budget pressures led to the cancellation of the Close Combat Vehicle replacement program later that year. [19]

In September 2012, the original contract valued to at $1.064 billion to upgrade the 550 LAV III's variants, an infantry section carrier, a command post, an observation post and an engineer vehicle to the LAV 6 configuration, was modified. This included an additional $151 million to upgrade 66 LAV III's to the LAV 6 with a LAV Reconnaissance and Surveillance System (LRSS) fitted. [20]

In February 2017, GDLS – Canada was awarded a $404 million order to work on 141 LAV Operational Requirement Integration Task (LORIT) vehicles. This contract will upgrade the remaining LAV III fleet in the Canadian Army to the LAV 6 configuration. This brings the Canadian Army's LAV III Upgrade (LAVUP) program to a total cost of $1.8 billion. [21]

Final completion and delivery of the Canadian Army's LAV III Upgrade (LAVUP) to upgrade the LAV III to the LAV 6 was expected to be completed by December 2019. [22]

Exports

In early 2014 the Conservative government under Stephen Harper prepared the sale of several hundred LAV 6 vehicles to Saudi Arabia for an estimated CAD $10 billion. This was one of the largest manufacturing export deals in modern Canadian history, though it was heavily criticized due to Saudi Arabia's record on human rights abuses and involving in the Yemeni Civil War. [23] The deal, which grew to CAD $15 billion and included 928 LAV 6 vehicles, was ultimately signed in late 2014. [24] The Liberal government under Justin Trudeau finally approved the export license for the vehicles after coming to power in 2015, despite widespread calls from the NDP and human rights groups to cancel the deal. Even after footage appearing online of Canadian LAV vehicles being deployed against the Shiite population in Qatif, the House of Commons committee report found "no conclusive evidence that Canadian-made vehicles were used in human rights violations" according to Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland. [25] The government also cited costly penalties for breaking the contract as a reason to honor the export commitments. [26] In 2018, Saudi Arabia threatened to reduce its order for LAV 6 vehicles from 928 to only 742 vehicles, after a diplomatic row with the Trudeau government following criticism of the former's human rights abuses, although some analysts believed this threat had more to do with the kingdom's economic difficulties. [27]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Canadian Government announced that it would be diverting 39 LAV 6 ACSVs to the Ukrainian Armed Forces as military aid from the order of 360 vehicles it had previously made for the Canadian Forces. [28] Canadian officials stated that the vehicles along with spare parts would be delivered during the summer of 2022 and that the Forces would still receive a total order of 360 vehicles in addition to the 39 vehicles given to Ukraine. [29] [30]

Active Combat

In early January 2023 the first ACSVs were spotted near the frontlines in Ukraine, after having begun to arrive since early October 2022, with the vehicles previously having been in rear-area units for training on the vehicles. [31] Ukrainian Media reporting on the vehicles also dubbed the vehicles with a new nickname, the “Super Bison” due to the lineage the ACSV series shares with the older LAV 2 Bison series which filled an almost identical role. [31] As of April 2024, only 1 Super Bison has been confirmed by open source intelligence as destroyed in combat. [32]

Variants

LAV 6 series:

LAV 6 ACSV (Armoured Combat Support Vehicle) series (originally known as LAV 6 CSV): [1] [2] [33]

ACSV

In August 2019, the Government of Canada announced its intention to purchase up to 360 Armoured Combat Support Vehicles (ACSVs), and that negotiations with GDLS - Canada had entered the final stages. Based heavily on the LAV 6 platform, the ACSVs will replace the Bison LAV and the M113 armoured personnel carrier (M113A3 & MTVL) fleets of the Canadian Armed Forces. [35]

In September 2019, Public Services and Procurement Canada on behalf of the Department of National Defence awarded GDLS - Canada a CAD$2 billion contract for 360 ACSVs, initial spare parts, manuals, training, and various vehicle add-on kits. The various add-on kits incorporated in the procurement include: add-on armour, mine blast and enhanced crew protection, laser warning systems, side protection and remote weapons station kits. The Department of National Defence stated that by procuring similar combat support vehicles in the CAF fleet offers the advantages of reduced training and sustainment costs, in addition to the availability of standard spare parts to fix vehicles quickly during critical operations. [36]

The vehicles are expected to support a wide range of operations, including domestic disaster relief and overseas peacekeeping missions. The ACSV will be available in eight variants to provide services such as: ambulances, vehicle recovery, engineering, mobile repair, electronic warfare, troop-carrying, and mobile command posts. [36] Delivery of the first set of vehicles is expected in late 2020, with the last vehicles being delivered in 2025. [35]

In May 2020, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace announced that they had signed a contract worth NOK500 Million (CAD$73.6 Million) with GDLS - Canada for delivery of the newest generation of Protector Remote Weapons Stations (or RWS) to the Canadian Army. The Protector RWS is to be equipped on Canada's fleet of ACSVs. [37] It was subsequently announced on June 1, 2020, that delivery of the first ACSVs was still on schedule for late 2020 and would not be delayed in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic. [38]

Operators

Current operators

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada (Canadian Army) – 976. [29] [30] [31]

Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabian National Guard) - 928 [46] [47]
A U.S. Army Stryker, an armoured vehicle whose design is derived from the LAV III. 2nd CR participates in Allied Spirit IV 160121-A-EM105-136.jpg
A U.S. Army Stryker, an armoured vehicle whose design is derived from the LAV III.
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine (Armed Forces of Ukraine) – 39

Failed bids

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan (Approximately 810 vehicles)
The LAV 6.0 participated to the project Next Wheeled Armored Vehicle under the Japanese Ministry of Defense aiming at replacing the Type 96 APC. It was in competition against the Patria AMVXP and a new 8×8 designed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. [48] In December 2022, the Japanese Ministry of Defense awarded a contract for the AMV through Patria Japan. [49]

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