FN SCAR

Last updated

FN SCAR
MK16 Scar L Sideview.png
Mk 17 SCAR-H
Type Assault rifle (SCAR-L)
Battle rifle (SCAR-H)
Squad automatic weapon (HAMR)
Designated marksman rifle (Mk 20 SSR)
Place of originBelgium / United States
Service history
In service2009–present
Used bySee Users
Wars War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) [1]
Iraq War [2]
Mexican Drug War
Yemeni Civil War
Conflict in Najran, Jizan and Asir
Russo-Ukrainian War
M23 offensive
Internal Conflict in Peru
Production history
Designer FN Herstal / FN America
Designed2004
Manufacturer FN Herstal / FN America
Produced2004–present
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass
  • 3.29 kg (7.3 lb) (SCAR-L)
  • 3.58 kg (7.9 lb) (SCAR-H)
Length
  • 889 mm (35.0 in) stock extended, 635 mm (25.0 in) stock folded (SCAR-L)
  • 965 mm (38.0 in) stock extended, 711 mm (28.0 in) stock folded (SCAR-H)
Barrel  length
  • 355 mm (14.0 in) (SCAR-L)
  • 400 mm (16 in) (SCAR-H)
Cartridge 5.56×45mm NATO (SCAR-L, SCAR PDW, SCAR-HAMR)
7.62×51mm NATO (SCAR-H, Mk 20 SSR)
6.5mm Creedmoor (Mk 20 SSR)
.300 Blackout (SCAR-SC)
Action Gas-operated short-stroke piston, rotating bolt
Rate of fire
  • SCAR-H: 550 rounds/min
  • SCAR-L: 650 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity
  • SCAR-H: 870 m/s (2,900 ft/s)
  • SCAR-L: 710 m/s (2,300 ft/s)
Effective firing range
  • SCAR-L: 500 m (550 yd)
  • SCAR-H: 600 m (660 yd)
Feed system
Sights Iron sights and Picatinny rail for various optical sights

The FNSCAR (Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle) [3] is a family of gas-operated short-stroke gas piston [4] automatic rifles developed by Belgian manufacturer FN Herstal (FN) in 2004. [5] It is constructed with modularity for the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) to satisfy the requirements of the SCAR competition. [6] This family of rifles consists of two main types. The SCAR-L, for "light", is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and the SCAR-H, for "heavy", is chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO. Both types are available in Close Quarters Combat (CQC), Standard (STD), and Long Barrel (LB) variants.

Contents

In early 2004, United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) issued a solicitation for a family of Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifles, the so-called SCAR, designed around two different calibers but featuring high commonality of parts and identical ergonomics. The SCAR system completed low rate initial production testing in June 2007. [7] After some delays, the first rifles began to be issued to operational units in April 2009, and a battalion of the U.S. 75th Ranger Regiment was the first large unit deployed into combat with 600 of the rifles in 2009. [2]

The U.S. Special Operations Command later cancelled their purchase of the SCAR-L and planned to remove the rifle from their inventory by 2013. However, they will continue to purchase the SCAR-H version, and also plan to purchase 5.56 mm conversion kits for the SCAR-H, allowing it to substitute for the SCAR-L. [8] As of late 2022, the SCAR is in service in over 20 countries. [9]

Overview

U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Officer with the SCAR-L (Mk 16) in Afghanistan. STO Capt Barry Crawford Afghanistan.jpg
U.S. Air Force Special Tactics Officer with the SCAR-L (Mk 16) in Afghanistan.

The SCAR is manufactured in two main versions; the SCAR-L ("Light") and SCAR-H ("Heavy"). The SCAR-L fires 5.56×45mm NATO rounds from STANAG (M16) magazines. The SCAR-H fires the more powerful 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge from proprietary 20-round magazines. Varied barrel lengths are also available for different purposes, such as close quarters battle or long-range engagements. The initial solicitation indicated that the SCAR-H would also be capable of being chambered in the 7.62×39mm M43 Kalashnikov cartridge, as well as the 6.8×43mm Remington SPC cartridge, however, FN is not currently offering this configuration, and the models have likely been cancelled.

The SCAR-L, designated Mk 16 by USSOCOM, was intended to replace the M4A1, the Mk 18 CQBR and the Mk 12 SPR that had been in service (before SOCOM decided to cancel the order for the Mk 16 Mod 0, see below), whereas the Mk 17 (SCAR-H) had been intended to replace the M14 and Mk 11 sniper rifles in use. However, the weapon will only supplement other weapons, while issuance remains of the operator's discretion.

The semi-automatic only Mk 20 Mod 0 Sniper Support Rifle (SSR) is based on the SCAR-H. It includes a longer receiver, a beefed-up barrel extension and barrel profile to reduce whip and improve accuracy, and an enhanced modular trigger that can be configured for single-stage or two-stage operation together with either a folding or a non-folding precision stock. [10]

The SCAR has two receivers: The lower is constructed of polymer, and the upper receiver is one piece and constructed of aluminum. [11] The SCAR features an integral, uninterrupted Picatinny rail on the top of the aluminium receiver, two removable side rails and a bottom one that can mount any MIL-STD-1913 compliant accessories. The lower receiver is designed with an M16 compatible pistol grip, flared magazine well, and raised area around the magazine and bolt release buttons. The front sight flips down for unobstructed use of optics and accessories. The rifle uses a "tappet" type of closed gas system much like the M1 Carbine while the bolt carrier otherwise resembles the Stoner 63 or Heckler & Koch G36.

The SCAR is built at the FN Manufacturing, LLC plant in Columbia, South Carolina, in the United States. Since 2008, FN Herstal has been offering semi-automatic versions of the SCAR rifles for commercial and law enforcement use. These are dubbed the 16S (Light) and 17S (Heavy), and are manufactured in Herstal, Belgium and imported by FN Herstal's U.S. subsidiary FN America of Fredericksburg, Virginia. [12] [13] FN America slightly modifies the rifles (supplying a U.S. made magazine and machining a pin in the magazine well) to be in compliance with U.S. Code before selling them.

The FN SCAR 20S Precision Rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO was introduced in 2019. It is a semi-automatic only civilian version of the FN Mk 20 SSR. In 2020 the FN SCAR 20S 6.5CM variant was announced chambered in 6.5mm Creedmoor. [14] [15] [16] This chambering has been selected by USSOCOM for long-range use. [17]

Enhanced Grenade Launcher Module

A stand-alone EGLM being fired. Air-to-ground attacks coordinated by 320 STS, 5th ANGLICO 170310-F-GR156-0219.jpg
A stand-alone EGLM being fired.

Introduced in 2004 as an addition, the Enhanced Grenade Launching Module [18] (EGLM), officially referred to as the FN40GL, or Mk 13 Mod 0, is a 40 mm grenade launcher based on the 'GL1' designed for the F2000. The FN40GL is marketed in both an L (Light) and H (Heavy) model, for fitting the appropriate SCAR variant. [19] The EGLM system features a double-action trigger and a swing-out chamber. These offer two advantages over the M203 system, the first being that the launcher does not need to be re-cocked if the grenade does not fire, and the latter being that longer grenades can be used. Like the M203, the FN40GL uses the same High-Low Propulsion System.

The FN40GL is deemed a third-generation grenade launcher, meaning it is multifunctional: it can be used mounted to the rifle or as a stand-alone system; it is manufactured using a number of materials like aluminum, composites, and polymers; the breech opens to the side for use of longer 40 mm rounds including less-than-lethal; and it is mounted on the bottom accessory rail instead of requiring specialized mounting hardware. The FN40GL is attached to SCAR rifles on the bottom rail with a trigger adapter and dual locking clamp levers on the launcher, limiting the ability to integrate with other rifles. Barrel length is 240 mm (9.6 in), and is unique in that it is the only system where the barrel can swivel to the left or right for loading, while other breech-loading launchers pivot specifically to one side. This enhances its ambidexterity, making it easy for a left-handed operator to load under fire. The standalone stock assembly has the FN40GL mounted to the bottom rail as with the rifle, but still has 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 9 o'clock rail positions for other accessories. This is mainly during non-lethal uses for other mounted additions like LED lights and laser dazzlers. The trigger is placed lower than normal for operation with the user's middle finger while keeping their trigger finger free to use the rifle. The double-action trigger is long and heavy to prevent easily and unintentionally firing a round under stress. [20] It can fire the Pike 40 mm guided munition.

FNAC

In July 2007, the United States Army announced a limited competition between the M4 carbine, FN SCAR, HK416, and the previously shelved HK XM8. Ten examples of each of the four competitors were involved. During the testing, 6,000 rounds apiece were fired from each of the carbines in an "extreme dust environment". The purpose of the shoot-off was to assess future needs, not to select a replacement for the M4. [21]

During the test, the SCAR suffered 226 stoppages. Since a percentage of each weapons' stoppages were caused by magazine failures, the FN SCAR, XM8 and HK416 performed statistically similarly. [22] The FN SCAR ranked second to the XM8 with 127 stoppages, but with fewer stoppages compared to the M4 with 882 stoppages and the HK416 with 233. This test was based on two previous systems assessments that were conducted using the M4 carbine and M16 rifle at Aberdeen Proving Ground in 2006 and the summer of 2007 before the third limited competition in the fall of 2007. The 2006 test focused only on the M4 and M16. The Summer 2007 test had only the M4 but increased lubrication. Results from the second test resulted in a total of 307 stoppages for the M4 after lubrication was increased, but did not explain why the M4 suffered 882 stoppages with that same level of lubrication in the third test. [22] [23]

The SCAR was one of the weapons displayed to U.S. Army officials during an invitation-only Industry Day on 13 November 2008. The goal of the Industry Day was to review current carbine technology for any situation prior to writing formal requirements for a future replacement for the M4 carbine. [24] [25]

The SCAR was one of the competing weapons in the Individual Carbine competition which aimed to find a replacement for the M4 carbine. [26] A variant of the SCAR was entered into the competition, known as the FNAC (FN Advanced Carbine). The weapon is similar to the SCAR Mk 16 Mod 0 but with modifications including a 140 g (0.3 lb) weight reduction resulting in a loaded weight of 3.61 kg (7.95 lb), a bayonet lug for an M9 bayonet (which the Mk 16 does not have), a rail mounted folding front iron sight instead of the gas block mounted sight, and a non-reciprocating charging handle. [27] [28] [29] The competition was cancelled before a winner was chosen. [30]

HAMR IAR

In 2008, a variant of the FN SCAR—the Heat Adaptive Modular Rifle (HAMR)—was one of four finalist rifles for the Infantry Automatic Rifle (IAR) competition. The IAR was a United States Marine Corps requirement for a lightweight automatic rifle for squad automatic rifle use. [31] The FN entry was different from existing SCAR versions in that it combined closed bolt operation (fires from bolt forward/chambered cartridge) with open bolt operation (fires from bolt to the rear, no chambered cartridge), switching automatically from closed to open bolt as the weapon's barrel heats up during firing. There have been previous firearms with mixed open/closed bolt operation, but the automatic temperature-based operating mode switch is an innovation. The IAR competition was expected to result in Marine Corps procurement of up to 6,500 automatic rifles over five years, [32] but eventually the SCAR variant was passed over in favor of the Heckler and Koch HK416 rifle, [33] later designated as the M27. [34]

Adoption

U.S. Navy SEAL with a SCAR-H CQC (Mk 17) United States Navy SEALs 124.jpg
U.S. Navy SEAL with a SCAR-H CQC (Mk 17)
U.S. Navy SEAL with the SCAR-H STD (Mk 17) United States Navy SEALs 188.jpg
U.S. Navy SEAL with the SCAR-H STD (Mk 17)
U.S. Navy SEALs conducting training with the FN SCAR-H STD (Mk 17) with a suppressor. United States Navy SEALs 407.jpg
U.S. Navy SEALs conducting training with the FN SCAR-H STD (Mk 17) with a suppressor.

Acceptance of the FN SCAR in the U.S. military

On 4 May 2010, a press release on FN America's official website announced the SCAR Acquisition Decision Memorandum was finalized on 14 April 2010, moving the SCAR program to the Milestone C phase. This was an approval for the entire weapons family of the SCAR-L, SCAR-H, and the Enhanced Grenade Launcher Module. [35] [36]

The Mk 16 has a rate of fire of 625 rounds per minute [5] while the Mk 17 has a rate of fire of 600 rounds per minute. This was done to improve control during fully automatic fire.[ citation needed ]

In late October 2010, SOCOM approved full-rate production of the Mk 20 sniper variant of the SCAR, with fielding beginning in mid-May 2011. [10]

Cancellation of procurement of the Mk 16

On 25 June 2010, SOCOM announced that it was cancelling the acquisition of the Mk 16, citing limited funds and a lack of enough of a performance difference in comparison to other 5.56mm rifles to justify the purchase. Remaining funds would be expended for the SCAR-H and the Mk 20 sniper variant. At the time, SOCOM had bought 850 Mk 16s and 750 Mk 17s. [37] SOCOM had operators turn in their Mk 16s and is not keeping them in the inventory, but started developing a conversion kit for the Mk 17 to make it capable of firing 5.56mm rounds. [38]

"FN America believes the issue is not whether the SCAR, and specifically the [originally contracted] Mk 16 variant, is the superior weapon system available today...it has already been proven to be just that...recently passing Milestone C and determined to be operationally effective / operationally suitable (OE/OS) for fielding. The issue is whether or not the requirement for a 5.56mm replacement outweighs the numerous other requirements competing for the customers' limited budget. That is a question that will only be determined by the customer". [39] FN Herstal though had refuted that the Mk 16 was being dropped from the inventory and stated that the 5.56mm variant will be retained by SOCOM, and that "The choice between the 5.56 mm and the 7.62mm caliber will be left to the discretion of each constitutive component of USSOCOM's Joint Command (e.g. SEALs, Rangers, Army Special Forces, MARSOC, AFSOC) depending on their specific missions on today's battlefield". [40]

FN America's claim contradicted the official announcement from SOCOM and they did not reverse their decision. SOCOM decided to procure the 7.62mm Mk 17 rifle, the 40mm Mk 13 grenade launcher, and the 7.62mm Mk 20 Sniper Support Rifle variants of the Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle (SCAR) manufactured by FN. SOCOM would not purchase the 5.56mm Mk 16. At that point the individual service component commands within SOCOM (Army Special Operations Command, Naval Special Warfare Command, Air Force Special Operations Command, and Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command) would or would not still buy the 5.56mm Mk 16 SCAR for some or all of their respective subordinate units even with overall US Special Operations Command opting not to. [41]

Modifying the Mk 17

SOCOM began removing the Mk 16 from its inventory at the end of 2011, and most units have had the rifle removed from service post-2013. To maintain the SCAR as a small-caliber weapon, they are procuring conversion kits for the Mk 17 battle rifle to make it fire 5.56×45mm rounds. [42] The presolicitation for the SCAR program originally called for one rifle that could be adapted to fire multiple calibers including 5.56mm, 7.62×51mm, and 7.62×39mm. When requirements were finalized, the decision was made to separate the 5.56×45mm and 7.62×51mm weapons because converting the medium caliber rifle to fire small caliber bullets created an assault rifle heavier than the M4 carbine. After fielding, operators reversed the previous decision and called for a SCAR that could change calibers. The Mk 17 was chosen to be scaled down because it had a larger receiver for the 7.62×51mm round, and so the 5.56mm Mk 16 could not be scaled up to chamber the larger round. The 5.56mm conversion kit was finalized in late 2010 and orders began in mid-2011. [43]

On 9 December 2011, the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division released a sole source 5 year indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity procurement notice for the Mk 16 Mod 0 (SCAR-L), Mk 17 Mod 0 (SCAR-H), Mk 20 Mod 0 (SSR), and Mk 13 Mod 0 (40mm EGLM) from FN to sustain inventory levels. [44] [45] Navy special operations forces procures their firearms through SOCOM and fielded the MK 16 more than any other unit. [37]

The Mk 17 was in widespread use by American SOF units in Afghanistan, where its relative light weight, accuracy and stopping power has proved of worth on the battlefield. [46]

Variants

Military variants

Precision Rifles - 7.62×51mm NATO [49]

Prototypes

Civilian variants

Users

Soldiers of the Cypriot Special Forces using the SCAR-L during an exercise. Cypriot Special Forces Operator with his FN SCAR.jpg
Soldiers of the Cypriot Special Forces using the SCAR-L during an exercise.
Three Catalan GEI operatives armed with SCAR-L rifles. 03-GEI-Octavio-Diez-Camara-1030x773.jpg
Three Catalan GEI operatives armed with SCAR-L rifles.
Malaysian VAT 69 operator with SCAR-H fitted with EOTech holographic sight. 60th Merdeka Day Picture 69 Commando of PGK with FN SCAR-H.jpg
Malaysian VAT 69 operator with SCAR-H fitted with EOTech holographic sight.
Map with FN SCAR users in blue FN SCAR Users.png
Map with FN SCAR users in blue
Organization nameModelQuantityDateReference
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Federal Police (Belgium) SC—— [54] [ unreliable source? ]
Local Police SC—— [54] [ unreliable source? ]
Belgian Armed Forces replacing the FN FNC as service rifle L, H, EGLM13,8272011- [54] [55] [56]
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina SIPA, Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sarajevo Canton and Zenica-Doboj CantonL, L CQC—2012– [57]
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Military Police of São Paulo State L, H1,300— [58]
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile Chilean Marine Corps L, H13,2002013– [59] [60]
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus National Guard-Special ForcesL, H (TPR)—— [61]
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Special Jaegers L—— [62]
Flag of France.svg  France Recherche Assistance Intervention Dissuasion (RAID) police unit——— [63]
Commandement des Opérations Spéciales (COS)——— [64]
Compagnie de Commandement et de Transmissions (CCT)——— [65]
Armée de terre H PR26002019 [66]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany GSG 9 counter-terrorist unit of the German Federal Police L—— [67]
Mobiles Einsatzkommando (MEK) special units of the criminal investigation units of the German state police ——— [68]
Spezialeinsatzkommando (SEK) special units of the German state police ——— [68]
Bavarian State Police L—— [68]
Flag of India.svg  India Mainly Used by the Special Protection Group and other Indian special forces L, H—— [69]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Special Forces Group counter-terrorist unit of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force ——2014 [70]
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Members of the Kenya SOCOM (Special Operations Command) use FN SCAR-H rifles as standard-issue rifle. The government has plans to make this rifle a standard issue for all military personnel over the next few years, replacing German HK G3s and American M4 assault rifles.H≈1,000— [71]
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Lithuanian Land Force H (PR)—2014– [72]
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia 69 Commando (VAT 69) the Royal Malaysia Police H—— [54] [73]
Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) maritime counter-terrorist unit of the Royal Malaysia Police 2017
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius New standard service rifle of the Military of Mauritius L, H—— [74]
Groupe d'intervention de la police Mauricienne (GIPM) unit of the Special Mobile Force L, H—— [74]
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Beredskapstroppen Delta of the Norwegian Police.H—— [75]
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales (GRUFE) of the Peruvian Armed Forces L, H—2009– [76]
Peruvian Army H8,1102013– [77]
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Portuguese Army, as standard service rifleL, H, H (PR)15,9402019 [78]
Prison Security and Intervention Group (GISP), special unit of the Portuguese Prison GuardL—— [79]
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 72nd Brigade for Special Operations

Detachment of the Military Police "Cobras"

L

L, H

740

—

2018
2014

[80]

[81] [82]

Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Slovenian Army Special Forces L, H [83]
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Police Special Operations Command of the Singapore Police Force L—— [84]
Special Tactics and Rescue (S.T.A.R) of the Singapore Police Force L—— [85]
Flag of South Korea.svg  Republic of Korea 707th Special Mission Group of the Korean Army L—— [86]
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Special Intervention Group (GEI) of the Mossos d'Esquadra (Catalan regional police)L, H—2010 [87] [88]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Turkish Land Forces ——2010– [89] [90]
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States U.S. Armed Forces (used by all branches of USSOCOM Manufactured and provided by FN America)——— [36]
U.S. Customs and Border Protection's Office of Air and Marine (OAM) interdiction unit——— [91]
Cambridge Police Department (Massachusetts) SSR4
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) SWAT L, H—2010– [92] [93]
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Ukrainian Ground Forces Belarusian volunteer Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment L—2022– [94]
Russian Volunteer Corps L—2023– [95]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Une arme liégeoise en Afghanistan". Dhnet.be. 23 August 2010. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  2. 1 2 75th Rangers will take SCAR to War, Matthew Cox, Army Times, 12 May 2009
  3. ↑ "The Making of the 21st Century Assault Rifle: SCAR SOF Combat Assault Rifle" (PDF). 1 July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2006. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  4. ↑ "SCAR 16". www.fnhusa.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012.
  5. 1 2 "FN SCAR. The Next Generation of Assault Rifles" (PDF). FN America. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  6. ↑ Humphries, Michael. FN's SCAR: A Cut Above, American Rifleman, July 2009. Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ "Defense Tech: Meet the SCAR". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ↑ "IDEX 2015". fnherstal.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  10. 1 2 Wasseby, Daniel (2010). "SCAR Variant approved for full-rate production". Jane's Defence Weekly. 47 (51): 11.
  11. ↑ Cartridges and Firearm Identification, Advances in materials science and engineering Archived 3 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine , p295, by Robert E. Walker, Publisher CRC Press, 2012, ISBN   9781466502062
  12. ↑ "Civilian-Legal FN SCAR 16S Delivered at End of 2008, All Gone". Thetacticalwire.com. 7 January 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
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