Harriet Mayanja-Kizza

Last updated
Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
Born
Uganda
NationalityUgandan
CitizenshipUganda
Alma mater Makerere University
(Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery)
(Master of Medicine in Medicine)
Case Western Reserve University
(Master of Science in Immunology)
American College of Physicians
(Fellow of the American College of Physicians)
Occupation(s) Medical researcher, academic administrator
Years active1978–present
TitleFormer Dean
Makerere University School of Medicine

Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, MBChB, MMed, MSc, FACP, is a Ugandan physician, researcher, and academic administrator. She is the former Dean of Makerere University School of Medicine, [1] [2] the oldest medical school in East Africa, [3] established in 1924. [4]

Contents

Background and education

She was born in the Central Region of Uganda in the 1950s. She holds the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, obtained from Makerere University in 1978. She also holds the degree of Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine, obtained in 1983, also from Makerere. She studied immunology and pathology at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, graduating with the degree of Master of Science in those fields in 1999. [2] She is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians. [5]

Career

Mayanja-Kizza has worked as a lecturer in the Department of Internal Medicine at Makerere University Medical School. She has also served as the head of the Department of Internal Medicine, both at the medical school and at Mulago National Referral Hospital, the university's teaching hospital. In November 2010, she was appointed dean of the Makerere Medical School, at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. [5] [6] She has presented widely at national, regional, and International conferences and has published extensively in peer journals. [7] In 2022, she was ranked by the AD Scientific Index as the best scientist in Uganda. [8] [9] [10]

Other considerations

Her area of specialization is immunology, focusing on the interaction between AIDS and tuberculosis. Her research studies, are in the areas of immunopathogenesis, and immune-modulation treatments among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and tuberculosis. [2] Professor Harriet Mayanja-Kizza is a Fellow of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences. [11]

See also

Research

She is a respected researcher with more than 200 publications and 9277 citations of her works as of May 2022. [12] Some of her articles with more than 100 citations include; A blood RNA signature for tuberculosis disease risk: a prospective cohort study (2016), [13] Outcomes of cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (2008), [14] A study of the safety, immunology, virology, and microbiology of adjunctive etanercept in HIV-1-associated tuberculosis (2004), [15] Impact of tuberculosis (TB) on HIV-1 activity in dually infected patients (2001), [16] Patient and health service delay in pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending a referral hospital: a cross-sectional study (2005), [17] Predictors of long-term viral failure among Ugandan children and adults treated with antiretroviral therapy (2007), [18] Four-gene pan-African blood signature predicts progression to tuberculosis (2018), [19] Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Uganda (2010), [20] Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities (2015), [21] Immunoadjuvant prednisolone therapy for HIV-associated tuberculosis: a phase 2 clinical trial in Uganda (2005), [22] Combination therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in Ugandan patients with AIDS (1998), [23] Severe sepsis in two Ugandan hospitals: a prospective observational study of management and outcomes in a predominantly HIV-1 infected population (2009), [24] Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (2018), [25] IFN-γ-independent immune markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure (2019), [26] Genome scan of M. tuberculosis infection and disease in Ugandans (2008), [27] Acceptance of routine testing for HIV among adult patients at the medical emergency unit at a national referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda (2007), [28] Diagnostic performance of a seven-marker serum protein biosignature for the diagnosis of active TB disease in African primary healthcare clinic attendees with signs and symptoms suggestive of TB (2016), [29] The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: a prospective intervention study (2012), [30] High T-cell immune activation and immune exhaustion among individuals with suboptimal CD4 recovery after 4 years of antiretroviral therapy in an African cohort (2011), [31] FCRL5 Delineates Functionally Impaired Memory B Cells Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Exposure (2015), [32] Concise gene signature for point‐of‐care classification of tuberculosis (2016), Relationship of immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis and numbers of circulating CD4+ T-cells in HIV infection (2010) [33]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuberculosis</span> Infectious disease

Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. Around 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kill about half of those affected. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.

The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART decreases the patient's total burden of HIV, maintains function of the immune system, and prevents opportunistic infections that often lead to death. HAART also prevents the transmission of HIV between serodiscordant same-sex and opposite-sex partners so long as the HIV-positive partner maintains an undetectable viral load.

<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Species of yeast

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast belonging to the class Tremellomycetes and an obligate aerobe that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is a filamentous fungus, formerly referred to Filobasidiella neoformans. In its yeast state, it is often found in bird excrement. Cryptococcus neoformans can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, hosts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cryptococcosis</span> Potentially fatal fungal disease

Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and brain, where it appears as a meningitis. Cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever are seen when the lungs are infected. When the brain is infected, symptoms include headache, fever, neck pain, nausea and vomiting, light sensitivity and confusion or changes in behavior. It can also affect other parts of the body including skin, where it may appear as several fluid-filled nodules with dead tissue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opportunistic infection</span> Infection caused by pathogens that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available. These opportunities can stem from a variety of sources, such as a weakened immune system, an altered microbiome, or breached integumentary barriers. Many of these pathogens do not necessarily cause disease in a healthy host that has a non-compromised immune system, and can, in some cases, act as commensals until the balance of the immune system is disrupted. Opportunistic infections can also be attributed to pathogens which cause mild illness in healthy individuals but lead to more serious illness when given the opportunity to take advantage of an immunocompromised host.

Following infection with HIV-1, the rate of clinical disease progression varies between individuals. Factors such as host susceptibility, genetics and immune function, health care and co-infections as well as viral genetic variability may affect the rate of progression to the point of needing to take medication in order not to develop AIDS.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alimuddin Zumla</span> British-Zambian physician

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS</span>

The stages of HIV infection are acute infection, latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage involves few or no symptoms and can last anywhere from two weeks to twenty years or more, depending on the individual. AIDS, the final stage of HIV infection, is defined by low CD4+ T cell counts, various opportunistic infections, cancers, and other conditions.

The co-epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major global health challenges in the present time. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports 9.2 million new cases of TB in 2006 of whom 7.7% were HIV-infected. Tuberculosis is the most common contagious infection in HIV-Immunocompromised patients leading to death. These diseases act in combination as HIV drives a decline in immunity while tuberculosis progresses due to defective immune status. This condition becomes more severe in case of multi-drug (MDRTB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDRTB), which are difficult to treat and contribute to increased mortality. Tuberculosis can occur at any stage of HIV infection. The risk and severity of tuberculosis increases soon after infection with HIV. A study on gold miners of South Africa revealed that the risk of TB was doubled during the first year after HIV seroconversion. Although tuberculosis can be a relatively early manifestation of HIV infection, it is important to note that the risk of tuberculosis progresses as the CD4 cell count decreases along with the progression of HIV infection. The risk of TB generally remains high in HIV-infected patients, remaining above the background risk of the general population even with effective immune reconstitution and high CD4 cell counts with antiretroviral therapy.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bruce D. Walker</span> American physician

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lalita Ramakrishnan</span> Indian-American microbiologist

Lalita Ramakrishnan is an Indian-born American microbiologist who is known for her contributions to the understanding of the biological mechanism of tuberculosis. As of 2019 she serves as a professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Cambridge, where she is also a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and a practicing physician. Her research is conducted at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, where she serves as the Head of the Molecular Immunity Unit of the Department of Medicine embedded at the MRC LMB. Working with Stanley Falkow at Stanford, she developed the strategy of using Mycobacterium marinum infection as a model for tuberculosis. Her work has appeared in a number of journals, including Science, Nature, and Cell. In 2018 and 2019 Ramakrishnan coauthored two influential papers in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) arguing that the widely accepted estimates of the prevalence of latent tuberculosis—estimates used as a basis for allocation of research funds—are far too high. She is married to Mark Troll, a physical chemist.

Moses R Kamya, is a Ugandan physician, academic, researcher and academic administrator, who serves as Professor and Chair of the Department Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, a component of Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

Rhoda Wanyenze is a physician, public health consultant, academic and medical administrator, who serves as the Dean of Makerere University School of Public Health, a component school of Makerere University College of Health Sciences, which is part of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university.

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Roy D. Mugerwa was a Ugandan physician, cardiologist and researcher. His contribution to the world of academics include being a Professor Emeritus at Makerere University College of Health Sciences in Kampala, cardiology in Uganda, researching HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, and his efforts to find an effective HIV vaccine.

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Andrew Ddungu Kambugu is a Ugandan physician who serves as The Sande-McKinnell Executive Director at Uganda Infectious Disease Institute and a Honorary Senior lecturer at Makerere University College of Sciences. He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Minnesota. In July 2020, he was appointed to the United Nations 2021 Food System Scientific Group.

Damalie Nakanjako, is a Ugandan specialist physician, internist, immunologist, infectious diseases consultant, academic and researcher, who serves as the Principal and Professor of Medicine at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. Immediately prior to her present position, she served as Dean of Makerere University School of Medicine, from 2019 until 17 February 2021.

References

  1. ↑ "Accordia's Academic Alliance: Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, MBChB, MMed, MSc". Accordia Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "Profile of Professor Harriet Mayanja-Kizza; Dean, School of Medicine at Makerere University College of Health Sciences". Kampala: Uganda Campus Times. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  3. ↑ "Uganda Virus Research Institute: Our Partners". Entebbe: Uganda Virus Research Institute. 11 April 2014. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  4. ↑ "Makerere University Medical School Was Founded In 1924". Columbia University Medical College (CUMC). 26 December 2014. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  5. 1 2 "2011 Sub-Saharan Africa CFAR Conference: Speaker Bio - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, MBChB, MMed, MSc, FACP". University of California San Francisco. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  6. ↑ "Academic Profile of Professor Harriet Mayanja-Kizza". Infectious Diseases Institute. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  7. ↑ "In Depth Review Professor Harriet Mayanja-Kizza's Work". 2009 The Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative. 2009. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  8. ↑ Reporter, C. B. (2022-05-17). "Makerere Has the Best Scientists in the Country - Report". Campus Bee. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
  9. ↑ "Harriet Mayanja-Kizza - AD Scientific Index 2022". www.adscientificindex.com. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
  10. ↑ admin (2022-05-19). "Who are Uganda's Top 500 Scientists of 2022? A new report finds out". MediaScape News. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
  11. ↑ "UNAS: Fellow Profile". Uganda National Academy of Science. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  12. ↑ "Harriet Mayanja-Kizza". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
  13. ↑ Zak, Daniel E; Penn-Nicholson, Adam; Scriba, Thomas J; Thompson, Ethan; Suliman, Sara; Amon, Lynn M; Mahomed, Hassan; Erasmus, Mzwandile; Whatney, Wendy; Hussey, Gregory D; Abrahams, Deborah (2016-06-04). "A blood RNA signature for tuberculosis disease risk: a prospective cohort study". The Lancet. 387 (10035): 2312–2322. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01316-1. ISSN   0140-6736. PMC   5392204 . PMID   27017310. S2CID   53393545.
  14. ↑ Kambugu, Andrew; Meya, David B.; Rhein, Joshua; O'Brien, Meagan; Janoff, Edward N.; Ronald, Allan R.; Kamya, Moses R.; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Sande, Merle A.; Bohjanen, Paul R.; Boulware, David R. (2008-06-01). "Outcomes of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Uganda Before and After the Availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 46 (11): 1694–1701. doi:10.1086/587667. ISSN   1058-4838. PMC   2593910 . PMID   18433339.
  15. ↑ Wallis, Robert S.; Kyambadde, Peter; Johnson, John L.; Horter, Libby; Kittle, Rodney; Pohle, Monika; Ducar, Constance; Millard, Monica; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Whalen, Christopher; Okwera, Alphonse (2004-01-23). "A study of the safety, immunology, virology, and microbiology of adjunctive etanercept in HIV-1-associated tuberculosis". AIDS. 18 (2): 257–264. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200401230-00015 . ISSN   0269-9370. PMID   15075543. S2CID   17623568.
  16. ↑ Toossi, Z; Mayanja-Kizza, H; Hirsch, C S; Edmonds, K L; Spahlinger, T; Hom, D L; Aung, H; Mugyenyi, P; Ellner, J J; Whalen, C W (2001-02-01). "Impact of tuberculosis (TB) on HIV-1 activity in dually infected patients". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 123 (2): 233–238. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01401.x. ISSN   0009-9104. PMC   1905977 . PMID   11207653.
  17. ↑ Kiwuwa, Mpungu S.; Charles, Karamagi; Harriet, Mayanja Kizza (2005-11-24). "Patient and health service delay in pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending a referral hospital: a cross-sectional study". BMC Public Health. 5 (1): 122. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-5-122 . ISSN   1471-2458. PMC   1310609 . PMID   16307685.
  18. ↑ Kamya, Moses R.; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Kambugu, Andrew; Bakeera-Kitaka, Sabrina; Semitala, Fred; Mwebaze-Songa, Patricia; Castelnuovo, Barbara; Schaefer, Petra; Spacek, Lisa A.; Gasasira, Anne F.; Katabira, Elly (2007-10-01). "Predictors of long-term viral failure among ugandan children and adults treated with antiretroviral therapy". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 46 (2): 187–193. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31814278c0 . ISSN   1525-4135. PMID   17693883. S2CID   41634539.
  19. ↑ Suliman, Sara; Thompson, Ethan G.; Sutherland, Jayne; Weiner, January; Ota, Martin O. C.; Shankar, Smitha; Penn-Nicholson, Adam; Thiel, Bonnie; Erasmus, Mzwandile; Maertzdorf, Jeroen; Duffy, Fergal J. (2018-05-01). "Four-Gene Pan-African Blood Signature Predicts Progression to Tuberculosis". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 197 (9): 1198–1208. doi:10.1164/rccm.201711-2340OC. ISSN   1073-449X. PMC   6019933 . PMID   29624071.
  20. ↑ Ziraba, Abdhalah K.; Bwogi, Josephine; Namale, Alice; Wainaina, Caroline W.; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet (2010-06-29). "Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Uganda". BMC Infectious Diseases. 10 (1): 191. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-191 . ISSN   1471-2334. PMC   2910699 . PMID   20587047.
  21. ↑ Helb, Danica A.; Tetteh, Kevin K. A.; Felgner, Philip L.; Skinner, Jeff; Hubbard, Alan; Arinaitwe, Emmanuel; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Ssewanyana, Isaac; Kamya, Moses R.; Beeson, James G.; Tappero, Jordan (2015-08-11). "Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (32): E4438–4447. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E4438H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1501705112 . ISSN   1091-6490. PMC   4538641 . PMID   26216993.
  22. ↑ Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Jones-Lopez, Edward; Okwera, Alphonse; Wallis, Robert S.; Ellner, Jerrold J.; Mugerwa, Roy D.; Uganda–Case Western Research Collaboration (2005-03-15). "Immunoadjuvant Prednisolone Therapy for HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial in Uganda". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 191 (6): 856–865. doi:10.1086/427995. ISSN   0022-1899. PMC   4515766 . PMID   15717259.
  23. ↑ Kizza, Harriet Mayanja; Oishi, Kazunori; Mitarai, Satoshi; Yamashita, Hiroshi; Nalongo, Kisembo; Watanabe, Kiwao; Izumi, Takashi; Jungala, Ococi; Augustine, Kaddhu; Mugerwa, Roy; Nagatake, Tsuyoshi (1998-06-01). "Combination Therapy with Fluconazole and Flucytosine for Cryptococcal Meningitis in Ugandan Patients with AIDS". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 26 (6): 1362–1366. doi:10.1086/516372. ISSN   1058-4838. PMID   9636863.
  24. ↑ Jacob, Shevin T.; Moore, Christopher C.; Banura, Patrick; Pinkerton, Relana; Meya, David; Opendi, Pius; Reynolds, Steven J.; Kenya-Mugisha, Nathan; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Scheld, W. Michael; Group¶, for the Promoting Resource-limited Interventions for Sepsis Management in Uganda (PRISM-U) Study (2009-11-11). "Severe Sepsis in Two Ugandan Hospitals: a Prospective Observational Study of Management and Outcomes in a Predominantly HIV-1 Infected Population". PLOS ONE. 4 (11): e7782. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7782J. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007782 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   2771355 . PMID   19907656.
  25. ↑ Simmons, Jason D; Stein, Catherine M; Seshadri, Chetan; Campo, Monica; Alter, Galit; Fortune, Sarah; Schurr, Erwin; Wallis, Robert S; Churchyard, Gavin; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Boom, W Henry (2018-09-01). "Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection". Nature Reviews Immunology. 18 (9): 575–589. doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0025-3. ISSN   1474-1741. PMC   6278832 . PMID   29895826.
  26. ↑ Lu, L. L.; Smith, M. T.; Yu, K. K. Q.; Luedemann, C.; Suscovich, T. J.; Grace, P. S.; Cain, A.; Yu, W. H.; McKitrick, T. R.; Lauffenburger, D.; Cummings, R. D. (2019). "IFN-γ-independent immune markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure". Nature Medicine. 25 (6): 977–987. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0441-3. ISSN   1078-8956. PMC   6559862 . PMID   31110348.
  27. ↑ Stein, Catherine M.; Zalwango, Sarah; Malone, LaShaunda L.; Won, Sungho; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Mugerwa, Roy D.; Leontiev, Dmitry V.; Thompson, Cheryl L.; Cartier, Kevin C.; Elston, Robert C.; Iyengar, Sudha K. (2008-12-31). "Genome Scan of M. tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Ugandans". PLOS ONE. 3 (12): e4094. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.4094S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004094 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   2605555 . PMID   19116662.
  28. ↑ Nakanjako, Damalie; Kamya, Moses; Daniel, Kyabayinze; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Freers, Jurgen; Whalen, Christopher; Katabira, Elly (2007-09-01). "Acceptance of Routine Testing for HIV among Adult Patients at the Medical Emergency Unit at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda". AIDS and Behavior. 11 (5): 753–758. doi:10.1007/s10461-006-9180-9. ISSN   1573-3254. PMID   17096199. S2CID   30398339.
  29. ↑ Chegou, Novel N.; Sutherland, Jayne S.; Malherbe, Stephanus; Crampin, Amelia C.; Corstjens, Paul L. A. M.; Geluk, Annemieke; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Loxton, Andre G.; Spuy, Gian van der; Stanley, Kim; Kotzé, Leigh A. (2016-09-01). "Diagnostic performance of a seven-marker serum protein biosignature for the diagnosis of active TB disease in African primary healthcare clinic attendees with signs and symptoms suggestive of TB". Thorax. 71 (9): 785–794. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207999 . ISSN   0040-6376. PMID   27146200. S2CID   5486603.
  30. ↑ Jacob, Shevin T.; Banura, Patrick; Baeten, Jared M.; Moore, Christopher C.; Meya, David; Nakiyingi, Lydia; Burke, Rebecca; Horton, Cheryl Lynn; Iga, Boaz; Wald, Anna; Reynolds, Steven J. (2012). "The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: A prospective intervention study*". Critical Care Medicine. 40 (7): 2050–2058. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31824e65d7. ISSN   0090-3493. PMC   3378757 . PMID   22564958.
  31. ↑ Nakanjako, Damalie; Ssewanyana, Isaac; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Kiragga, Agnes; Colebunders, Robert; Manabe, Yukari C.; Nabatanzi, Rose; Kamya, Moses R.; Cao, Huyen (2011-02-08). "High T-cell immune activation and immune exhaustion among individuals with suboptimal CD4 recovery after 4 years of antiretroviral therapy in an African cohort". BMC Infectious Diseases. 11 (1): 43. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-43 . ISSN   1471-2334. PMC   3065409 . PMID   21299909.
  32. ↑ Sullivan, Richard T.; Kim, Charles C.; Fontana, Mary F.; Feeney, Margaret E.; Jagannathan, Prasanna; Boyle, Michelle J.; Drakeley, Chris J.; Ssewanyana, Isaac; Nankya, Felistas; Mayanja-Kizza, Harriet; Dorsey, Grant (2015-05-19). "FCRL5 Delineates Functionally Impaired Memory B Cells Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Exposure". PLOS Pathogens. 11 (5): e1004894. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004894 . ISSN   1553-7374. PMC   4438005 . PMID   25993340.
  33. ↑ Leidl, L.; Mayanja-Kizza, H.; Sotgiu, G.; Baseke, J.; Ernst, M.; Hirsch, C.; Goletti, D.; Toossi, Z.; Lange, C. (2010-03-01). "Relationship of immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis and numbers of circulating CD4+ T-cells in HIV infection". European Respiratory Journal. 35 (3): 619–626. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00045509 . ISSN   0903-1936. PMID   19608590. S2CID   8348467.
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