Hassan Hassan | |
---|---|
![]() Hassan Hassan discusses his work on extremism at the Wilson Center | |
Born | 1982 (age 42–43) Al-Shaafah, Syria |
Alma mater | University of Nottingham University of Damascus |
Occupation(s) | Author, journalist, scholar |
Hassan Hassan (born 1982) is an American author and journalist of Syrian origin. He co-wrote the 2015 New York Times bestseller ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror with Michael Weiss. [1] [2] [3] [4] He has written on Islamist groups in the Middle East. [5] [6] He frequently appeared on The O'Reilly Factor, [7] Amanpour [8] and The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell, [9] and has written for The New York Times , Foreign Policy , The Guardian , The Atlantic , Foreign Affairs , Financial Times , and The Daily Beast , among others. [10] Hassan is the founder and editor-in-chief of New Lines Magazine, a global affairs magazine. [11]
Hassan is from the town of Al-Shaafah in Al-Bukamal District, Deir ez-Zor Governorate, in eastern Syria near the Iraqi border. [12] In 1996, he moved from ash-Sha'fa to the city of Al Bukamal for high school.
In 2000, he moved to Damascus to study English literature at Damascus University. [13] In 2006, he moved to the United Kingdom, where he completed an MA in International relations at the University of Nottingham. [14]
After graduation, Hassan moved to the United Arab Emirates in 2008 to work as a news reporter for the then newly-launched English-language daily The National newspaper in Abu Dhabi, covering domestic and Gulf affairs. [14] After the onset of the Arab Spring uprisings, he joined its opinion section as a weekly columnist, and later became the department’s deputy editor. [11]
In particular, Hassan covered the Syrian conflict since the uprising began in 2011. [15] His research on the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) included extensive interviews with members of the organization since its rise in his home region in June 2014. [15]
After moving to Washington, D.C., in 2016, Hassan continued writing for The National, [11] and was also a regular contributing writer to The Atlantic. [16] In addition, Hassan has written for The Guardian, the New York Times, the Financial Times, Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs and the Daily Beast. [10]
In Washington, D.C., Hassan has been involved in policy research, in parallel to his journalistic work. [11] He specialized in the study of Sunni and Shia militant organizations, as well as Iraq, Syria, and the Persian Gulf. [14]
His research was commissioned by Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, [17] European Council on Foreign Relations, [18] [19] Chatham House, [20] Royal United Services Institute, [21] Brookings Institution, and [22] University of Oxford's Gulf studies forum. [23]
He previously worked as an associate fellow at Chatham House, [20] a senior fellow at the Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, [24] [14] a senior researcher at George Washington University, [10] and a director at the Center for Global Policy. [25] He was also a research associate at the Delma Institute in the United Arab Emirates. [26]
Hassan is currently a director at the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy, a think tank in Washington D.C. [10] He was responsible for founding the institute’s Human Security Unit, before establishing New Lines Magazine.
Hassan has advised officials in the United States and the Middle East. In June 2016, Hassan testified before the US Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on the extremist ideology of ISIS, [27] [28] a widely covered hearing. [29] [30] [31] [32] In February 2017, he testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on defeating terrorism in Syria. [33]
In 2015, Hassan authored a book with Michael Weiss on the rise of the militant group ISIS, titled ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror. [34] His book was chosen by The Wall Street Journal as one of 10 must-read works on the evolution of terrorism in the Middle East, [35] one of the London Times ' Best Books of 2015, [36] and The New York Times Editors' Choice in April 2015. [37] The book was reviewed favorably twice in The New York Times, [38] [39] The Guardian, [40] and The Wall Street Journal. [41] The Times' chief book critic, Michiko Kakutani, said the book gave readers "a fine-grained look at the organization’s evolution through assorted incarnations." [42] It has been translated into over a dozen languages. [11]
On December 24, 2019, Hassan published his translation of a speech of Abu Mohammad al-Julani, the commander-in-chief of the Syrian militant group Tahrir al-Sham, the successor organisation of the Syrian branch of al-Qaeda. [43]
Hassan founded New Lines Magazine, a global affairs magazine, in October 2020. Since then, he has acted as its editor-in-chief. [44] The magazine was initially launched by the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy to showcase the best writing from the Middle East. Hassan told the Reuters Institute in 2021 that the magazine was launched in response to Western journalists’ reliance on outdated views of the Middle East, which pervades coverage of the region. [45]
In September 2022, Hassan announced that the magazine was broadening its coverage to publish stories from around the world. [46]
Harvard University’s Nieman Lab describes New Lines Magazine's mission as "to serve audiences that want to read long-form, narrative journalism," with an emphasis on "local reporting from journalists and experts". [47] The magazine has featured regular contributions by journalists like Clarissa Ward, [48] Arwa Damon [49] or Hala Gorani, [50] and public figures like former U.S. diplomat Robert Ford, [51] Syrian intellectual Mustafa Khalifa [52] or musician Alex Skolnick. [53]
Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed al-Muwali, also known by his pseudonym Khadr al-Sabahi, is an Iraqi former military officer and former senior member of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. Ahmed currently has a million-dollar bounty placed on his head as one of Iraq's most wanted men accused of funding and leading resistance operations.
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), and by its Arabic acronym Daesh is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and unrecognized quasi-state. It is designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many countries around the world, including Muslim countries.
The Military Intelligence Directorate was the military intelligence service of Ba'athist Syria until 2024. Although its roots go back to the French mandate period, its current organization was established in 1969. Its predecessor organisation was called the Deuxième Bureau. It was headquartered at the Defense Ministry building in Damascus. The military intelligence service, or the Mukhabarat in Arabic, was very influential in Syrian politics.
Al-Nusra Front, also known as Front for the Conquest of the Levant, was a Salafi-jihadist organization that fought against Syrian government forces in the Syrian Civil War. Its aim was to overthrow president Bashar al-Assad and establish an Islamic state ruled by Sharia law in Syria.
A number of states and armed groups have involved themselves in the Syrian civil war (2011–present) as belligerents. The main groups were the Syrian Ba'athist regime and allies, the Syrian opposition and allies, Al-Qaeda and affiliates, Islamic State, and the Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces.
Turkey's involvement in the Syrian civil war began diplomatically and later escalated militarily. Initially, Turkey condemned the Syrian government at the outbreak of civil unrest in Syria during the spring of 2011; the Turkish government's involvement gradually evolved into military assistance for the Free Syrian Army in July 2011, border clashes in 2012, and direct military interventions in 2016–17, in 2018, in 2019, 2020, and in 2022. The military operations have resulted in the Turkish occupation of northern Syria since August 2016.
Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa, also known by his nom de guerreAbu Mohammad al-Julani, is a Syrian revolutionary, military commander and politician who has been widely regarded as the de facto leader of Syria since 2024. As the emir of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) since 2017, he played a key role in the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives, which led to the downfall of the Assad regime and establishment of the Syrian transitional government.
The Military of the Islamic State is the fighting force of the Islamic State (IS). The total force size at its peak was estimated from tens of thousands to over 200,000. IS's armed forces grew quickly during its territorial expansion in 2014. The IS military, including groups incorporated into it in 2014, openly operates and controls territory in multiple cities in Libya and Nigeria. In October 2016, it conquered the city of Qandala in Puntland, Somalia. It conquered much of eastern Syria and western Iraq in 2014, territory it lost finally only in 2019. It also has had border clashes with and made incursions into Lebanon, Iran, and Jordan. IS-linked groups operate in Algeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, and in West Africa. In January 2015, IS was also confirmed to have a military presence in Afghanistan and in Yemen.
Major General Suhayl al-Hasan is a Syrian military officer, formerly serving as the commander of the Syrian Army's Special Forces. He graduated from the Syrian Air Force academy in 1991, and served in many units in the Syrian Air Defence Force Command, completing several training courses. Following his service in the Syrian Air Force and Air Defence units, he joined the Air Force Intelligence service, where he was responsible for the training of the elements of the Special Operations Section. During the Syrian Civil War, al-Hasan has served and commanded his troops during several major engagements, including Operation Canopus Star and the battle for the Shaer gas field. He is part of the new generation of field Syrian army commanders who emerged during the civil war. French newspaper Le Monde has claimed he could be a rival to Assad as leader of Syria.
The Islamic State (IS) had its core in Iraq and Syria from 2013 to 2017 and 2019 respectively, where the proto-state controlled significant swathes of urban, rural, and desert territory, mainly in the Mesopotamian region. Today the group controls scattered pockets of land in the area, as well as territory or insurgent cells in other areas, notably Afghanistan, West Africa, the Sahara, Somalia, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As of 2023, large swathes of Mali have fallen under IS control.
The 25th Special Mission Forces Division, colloquially known by their former name Tiger Forces, was an elite special forces unit, that was part of the Syrian Army under the charge of the commander Major General Saleh Abdullah. It was formed in late 2013 and functioned primarily as an offensive unit in the Syrian Civil War. It had been described as a "hot commodity for any government offensive", but their relatively small numbers made it difficult to deploy them to multiple fronts at once.
Collaboration with the Islamic State refers to the cooperation and assistance given by governments, non-state actors, and private individuals to the Islamic State (IS) during the Syrian Civil War, Iraqi Civil War, and Libyan Civil War.
Michael D. Weiss is an American journalist, author, and media commentator. He specializes in international affairs, in particular the Middle East and Russia. He is a contributing editor at New Lines magazine, a senior correspondent for Yahoo News, and editor of The Insider. He is a regular network guest on several CNN shows. He is also director of special investigations at the Free Russia Foundation.
ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror is a 2015 non-fiction book by the journalists Michael Weiss and Hassan Hassan. The book details the rise and inner workings of the terrorist group ISIS.
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi is a British-Iraqi researcher and analyst who specialises in the Syrian Civil War, War in Iraq (2013–2017) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. He has been consulted as an expert by major media outlets including Al Jazeera,The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Foreign Affairs, The Washington Post, and others. He authored a major report published by the New York Times in partnership with George Washington University in their 2020 series, "The ISIS report". He has faced criticism over his alleged sympathies towards ISIL in his work, as well as his conduct and alleged close relationships with ISIL fighters.
Al-Barakah is a Syrian administrative district of the Islamic State (IS), a Salafi jihadist militant group and unrecognised proto-state. Originally set up as al-Barakah Province to govern IS territories in al-Hasakah Governorate, the province shifted south after 2016 due to the territorial losses to the YPG/YPJ. Having been demoted from province to district in 2018, al-Barakah administered a small strip of land along the Euphrates in Deir ez-Zor Governorate until the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani; since then the "territory" has turned into an insurgency.
The origins of the Islamic State group can be traced back to three main organizations. Earliest of these was the "Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād" organization, founded by the Jihadist leader Abu Mus'ab al-Zarqawi in Jordan in 1999. Although the other two predecessor organizations emerged during the Iraqi insurgency against the U.S. occupation forces which included the "Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah" group founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2004 and the "Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama’ah" group founded by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and his associates in the same year, the modern iteration of the Islamic State was formed after the U.S. occupational forces outlawed the Iraqi branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party putting the Sunni soldiers and bureaucrats out of work.
Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war have come to Syria and joined all four sides in the war. In addition to Sunni foreign fighters arriving to defend the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant or join the Syrian rebels, Shia fighters from several countries have joined pro-government militias in Syria, and leftists have become foreign fighters in the Syrian Democratic Forces.