Hatanagi-II Dam

Hatanagi-II Hydroelectric Dam
Hatanagi-II Hydroelectric Dam
Official name	畑薙第第二ダム
Location	Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
Coordinates	35°18′28.7″N138°12′11.5″E / 35.307972°N 138.203194°E Coordinates: 35°18′28.7″N138°12′11.5″E / 35.307972°N 138.203194°E
Construction began	1957
Opening date	1961
Operator(s)	Chubu Electric Power
Dam and spillways
Impounds	Ōi River
Height	69 meters
Length	171 meters
Reservoir
Total capacity	11.4 million m3
Catchment area	329.2 km2
Surface area	45 hectares

Last updated April 06, 2019

The Hatanagi-II(畑薙第二ダム,Hatanagi dai-ni-damu) is a dam on the Ōi River in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan. A hollow-core concrete gravity dam, it has a hydroelectric power generating station owned by the Chubu Electric Power Company.

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC.

The Ōi River is a river in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Aoi-ku is one of three wards of the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, located in the northern part of the city. Aoi-ku borders Suruga-ku in the south and Shimizu-ku to the southeast; the west faces Shimada, Fujieda and Kawanehon and its northern tip extends into the border between Nagano Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture. It is the largest ward in Japan in terms of geographic area.

History

The potential of the Ōi River valley for hydroelectric power development was realized by the Meiji government at the start of the 20th century. The Ōi River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current. Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated. Design work began in 1902 by the Japan Electric Generation and Transmission Company(日本発送電株式会社,Nippon Hassoden K.K) and the first dam on the Ōi River (the Tashiro Dam) was completed in 1927. Further work was suspended by the Great Depression of the 1930s, and World War II in the 1940s. However, by the early 1950s, Japan’s need for electrical energy was growing exponentially. The Ōigawa Railway Ikawa Line was expanded to facilitate dam construction, and the newly created Chubu Electric Power Company received a loan from the United Nations Bank for Reconstruction and Development on September 10, 1958 to fund the project. Construction was completed by December 1961, and the system came into operation in early 1962.

The Tashiro Dam is a dam on the Ōi River in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan. It was the first concrete gravity dam to be constructed on the Ōi River, and has a hydroelectric power generating station owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company.

Great Depression 20th-century worldwide economic depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how intensely the world's economy can decline.

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

Design

The Hatanagi Project was designed as a Pumped-storage hydroelectricity facility, with the discharge from Hatanagi-I discharging through a five kilometer penstock into a lake created by the smaller Hatanagi No.2 Dam downstream. The reversible turbine generators at the Hatanagi No.1 power plant were designed to function as either electrical power generators, or as pumps, to reverse the flow of water back into the reservoir in times of low demand. The generators at the Hatanagi No.1 power plant have a capacity of 137,000 kW, and a maximum flow rate of 137 m³/s. The Hatanagi No.2 power plant adds an additional 85,000 kW to the electrical grid of the Tōkai region of central Japan.

Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation. Low-cost surplus off-peak electric power is typically used to run the pumps. During periods of high electrical demand, the stored water is released through turbines to produce electric power. Although the losses of the pumping process makes the plant a net consumer of energy overall, the system increases revenue by selling more electricity during periods of peak demand, when electricity prices are highest.

A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills.

An electrical grid, or electric grid, is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers. It consists of

Surroundings

The Hatanagi-II is located in the Minami Alps National Park, an area of high mountains, forests, and a popular vacation area. Public access to the dam and its lake are by Shizuoka Prefectural Road 60, with bus connections to Ikawa Station or directly with Shizuoka Station or Shin-Shizuoka Station. The dam itself and its associated electrical power plant are not open to the public.

Minami Alps National Park is a national park in the Akaishi Mountains, Chūbu region, Honshū, Japan.

Ikawa Station railway station in Shizuoka, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan

Ikawa Station is a railway station Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. It is the terminal station for the Ikawa Line of the Ōigawa Railway. At an altitude of 636 metres (2,087 ft), it is the highest railway station in Shizuoka Prefecture. It is located near Ikawa Dam.

Shizuoka Station is a major railway station in Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Central Japan Railway Company.

Notes

Japan Commission on Large Dams. Dams in Japan: Past, Present and Future. CRC Press (2009). ISBN 978-0-415-49432-8

International Standard Book Number Unique numeric book identifier

The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.

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References

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