Haul trucks are off-road, heavy-duty dump trucks specifically engineered for use in high-production mining and exceptionally demanding construction environments. Most are dual axle; at least two examples of tri-axles were made in the 1970s. Haul trucks are denominated by their payload capacity, by weight (variously in tons, tonnes, and kg).
Most haul trucks have a two-axle design, but two well-known models from the 1970s, the 350T Terex Titan and 235T WABCO 3200/B, had three axles. [2] Haul truck capacities range from 40 short tons (36.3 t; 35.7 long tons) to nearly 500 short tons (454 t; 446 long tons).
An example on the smaller end is the Caterpillar 775 (rated at 70 short tons [62 long tons]). [3] Quarry operations (which produce payloads that have value) typically employ smaller trucks[ why? ] than mining operations (such as removing undesirable overburden, an expense).[ citation needed ]
Haul trucks can generally be distinguished from standard dump trucks by:
Most large haul trucks use some form of traction motors coupled to regenerative braking for power, braking, or both.
Haul trucks are classified by:
The largest, highest-payload-capacity haul trucks are referred to as ultra class trucks. The ultra class includes all haul trucks with a payload capacity of 300 short tons (270 long tons) or greater. [4] As of October 2013 [update] , the BelAZ 75710 has the highest payload capacity, 450 metric tons (440 long tons; 500 short tons). [5]
| image | model | manufacturer | first model | number built | capacity | propulsion type | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | BelAZ 75710 | BelAZ | 2013 | 496 short tons (443 long tons) | diesel-electric | Employs 8 tires, on two axles, with all-wheel drive, and all-wheel steering. | |
 | Liebherr T 282B | Liebherr | 2004 | 400 short tons (360 long tons) | diesel-electric | ||
 | Bucyrus MT6300AC | Bucyrus International | 2008 | 400 short tons (360 long tons) | diesel-electric | Firm was acquired by Caterpillar in 2010. | |
 | Caterpillar 797 | Caterpillar | 1997 | 360 short tons (320 long tons) | diesel-mechanical | The 797F model has an increased capacity of 400 short tons. | |
| Komatsu 960E-1 | Komatsu America Corp. | 2008 | 360 short tons (320 long tons) | diesel-electric | |||
 | Belaz 75600 | BelAZ | 2005 | 350 short tons (310 long tons) | diesel-electric | ||
 | Terex 33-19 "Titan" | General Motors Diesel Division | 1973 | 1 | 350 short tons (310 long tons) | diesel-electric | Prototype, only 1 built |
 | Komatsu 930E | Komatsu America Corp. | 1995 | 2,100 | 320 short tons (290 long tons) | diesel-electric | Number built as of September, 2018 |
The ultra-hauler class includes trucks with a capacity rating of 300 tons and above.
Developed specifically for high production mining and heavy-duty construction applications ...