| Hesperomeles ferruginea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Branchlet with leaves and fruits | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Hesperomeles |
| Species: | H. ferruginea |
| Binomial name | |
| Hesperomeles ferruginea | |
Hesperomeles ferruginea is an evergreen shrub or tree in the family Rosaceae, native to montane forests on the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. [1] [2]
Shrub or tree up to 12 m high and 50 cm dbh; with gray bark; branchlets rusty colored. [2] [1] [3] Leaves are ovate or elliptic, with serrate margins, 5 – 7 cm long, covered with rusty colored hairs on the underside. [2] [1] [3] The white flowers are arranged in a cymose inflorescence up to 10 cm long; the petals are white and pilose, ca. 1 cm long; the bittersweet red fruits resemble little apples, up to 2 cm wide. [2] [1] [3]
Hesperomeles ferruginea is found in the Andes, from Venezuela to Bolivia, between 1900 and 4000 m of elevation. [1] It is found in montane forests and paramo grasslands. [1]
Hesperomeles ferruginea yields good quality wood, suitable for indoors carpentry. [1] It has white color, straight grain and medium texture. [1]
The Llanos is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America. It is an ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.
Páramo can refer to a variety of alpine tundra ecosystems. Some ecologists describe the páramo broadly as "all high, tropical, montane vegetation above the continuous timberline". A more narrow term classifies the páramo according to its regional placement in the northern Andes of South America and adjacent southern Central America. The páramo is the ecosystem of the regions above the continuous forest line, yet below the permanent snowline. It is a "Neotropical high mountain biome with a vegetation composed mainly of giant rosette plants, shrubs and grasses". According to scientists, páramos may be "evolutionary hot spots" and among the fastest evolving regions on Earth.
Tabaconas-Namballe National Sanctuary is a national sanctuary in Peru established in 1988, and protects the southernmost part of the páramo ecosystem. It is located in San Ignacio Province, Cajamarca and spans an area of 32,124.87 ha.
The Tropical Andes is northern of the three climate-delineated parts of the Andes, the others being the Dry Andes and the Wet Andes. The Tropical Andes' area spans 1,542,644 km2 (595,618 sq mi).
Podocarpus glomeratus is a species of conifer tree in the family Podocarpaceae. It is native to the montane rainforests of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru; between 1800–3600 meters above sea level.
The great thrush is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. It is considered as the largest thrush in South America. The great thrush's size distinguishes it from the several other uniform slaty-colored thrushes in its range. It inhabits subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and high-altitude shrubland, but can also make use of degraded forest and urban areas.
Myrcianthes oreophila is a species of tree in the family Myrtaceae. It is native to Peru and also probably Bolivia.
Farallones de Cali is a cluster of mountains in the West Andes of Colombia. It is located west of the city of Cali and gives rise to many of the rivers that provide water and electricity to Cali. The PNN Farallones de Cali encompasses 150,000 ha (580 sq mi) in the mountains as well as much of the Pacific slope and is an area of very high biodiversity. The average temperature ranges from 25 °C (77 °F) in the tropical foothills to 5 °C (41 °F) in the páramo.
Buddleja coriacea is a variable species endemic to the high Andes from the Cordillera Blanca in Peru to Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. It grows on dry to semi-humid rocky soils at elevations of 3,000–4,350 m, where temperatures range from -3° to 15° C. and the winds are both strong and persistent. The species was first named and described by Rémy in 1847.
Hesperomeles is a genus of South American evergreen trees of the family Rosaceae that has sometimes been included along with Pyracantha in the genus Osteomeles. However, Osteomeles notably have compound leaves, and recent molecular phylogenetics suggests that Hesperomeles is only distantly related to Osteomeles, and is instead sister to the Crataegus—Mespilus clade.
Escallonia resinosa is an evergreen shrub or tree native to the Andean forests of Peru, Bolivia and southern Ecuador from 2600 to 4200 meters above sea level. A component of high Andean forests, it is regarded as an important source of raw materials for the Andean peoples.
Escallonia myrtilloides is an evergreen shrub or tree in the Escalloniaceae family, native to open montane wet forests and paramos from Costa Rica to Bolivia. It occurs at elevations between 1900 and 4200 meters above sea level.
Vallea stipularis is a species of tree in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is native from the Andes mountains in South America.
The Sierra La Culata National Park Also Sierra de la Culata National Park is a national park of Venezuela that is located in the northeastern branch of the Venezuelan Andes, in the states Mérida and Trujillo. It was decreed a national park on December 7, 1989. It has a high mountain climate, with temperatures ranging between −2 and 24 °C, and its surface area is 200,400 hectares (774 sq mi).
The Northern Andean páramo (NT1006) is an ecoregion containing páramo vegetation above the treeline in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. In the past, when the climate was cooler, the treeline and the páramo units were lower and the units were connected. During the present warmer Holocene epoch the páramos have migrated uphill, shrinking and becoming isolated. They contain many rare or endangered species, some of them restricted to a narrow area of one mountain or mountain range. The ecoregion is relatively well preserved, but faces threats from over-grazing and farming.
The Cordillera de Merida páramo (NT1004) is an ecoregion containing páramo vegetation above the treeline in the Andes mountain range of Venezuela. The isolated habitat has many endemic species. It is relatively stable and intact.
The Venezuelan Andes montane forests (NT0175) is an ecoregion in the northern arm of the Andes in Venezuela. It contains montane and cloud forests, reaching up to the high-level Cordillera de Merida páramo high moor ecoregion. The forests are home to many endemic species of flora and fauna. Their lower levels are threatened by migrant farmers, who clear patches of forest to grow crops, then move on.
The Magdalena Valley montane forests (NT0136) is an ecoregion in the Andes mountains of central Colombia.
The Santa Marta montane forests (NT0159) is an ecoregion in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a massif on the Caribbean coast of northern Colombia. The ecoregion covers altitudes from near sea level up to around 3,300 metres (10,827 ft), where it gives way to Santa Marta páramo. The isolation of the massif and the range of elevations and climates has resulted in a wide variety of species including many endemics. The lower levels contained tropical rainforest, which has largely been cleared. Higher up, this gives way to cloud forest. Much of this has also been cleared for coffee plantations, pasture for sheep and cattle, and farming.
Clethra scabra is a shrub or tree growing in habitats from 950 to 2,500 m in altitude, native to the eastern Andes and adjacent montane woodlands and Chaco of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northwest Argentina. It is able to reach 25 m (82 ft) in height, and is known to flower during March. It bears simple ovate to elongate and slightly obovate leaves 8 to 10 cm in length and 4 to 6 cm in width. These leaves tend to bear stellate hairs, and have prominent veins upon their abaxial face. The white flowers are small, borne upon a terminal spray of racemes.
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