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 Holy See |  Mexico |
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The Holy See (Vatican City) and Mexico have a long-standing contact and foreign relations. Catholicism was introduced in Mexico in 1519 by the Spanish Empire. The majority of Mexicans practice the Catholic faith, however, since the adoption of the current Constitution in 1917, Mexico is a secular nation.
In 1904, the Holy See assigned an Apostolic Delegate as resident representative in Mexico. [1] The Holy See and Mexico broke diplomatic relations after Mexican President Benito Juárez confiscated church property between 1856 and 1861. [2] President Juárez disbanded religious orders and ordered the separation of church and state in the new Constitution of Mexico, making Mexico a secular country. Some of the powers of the Catholic Church were reinstated by President Porfirio Diaz. [3]
In 1926, after several years of the Mexican Revolution and insecurity, President Plutarco Elías Calles, leader of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party, enacted the Calles Law, which eradicated all the personal property of the churches, closed churches that were not registered with the State, and prohibited clerics from holding public office. [4] The law was unpopular, and several protesters from rural areas fought against federal troops in what became known as the Cristero War. After the war's end in 1929, President Emilio Portes Gil upheld a previous truce where the law would remain enacted, but not enforced, in exchange for the hostilities to end.
In 1974, Mexican President Luis Echeverría paid a visit to the Holy See, becoming the first Mexican head-of-state to do so. [5] In 1979, Pope John Paul II became the first Papal leader to visit Mexico. [6] In 1992, after more than 130 years, the Mexican Government re-established formal diplomatic relations with the Holy See. That same year, resident diplomatic missions were established. [1]
In 2016 Pope Francis paid a visit to Mexico. [7] During his visit to Mexico, Pope Francis, in reference to the Mexico–United States border wall, stated that "A person who only thinks of building walls, and not building bridges, is not Christian". This statement was made in reference to the comments made by U.S. President Donald Trump's with regards to the border wall. [8]
Each year, Mexico donates two nativity scenes and Christmas decorations to the Vatican as part of a cultural event known as “Mexican Christmas in the Vatican” and “Hands of the World in the Vatican.” [9] [10]
Papal visits from the Holy See to Mexico [9]
Presidential visits from Mexico to the Holy See [9]
An apostolic nunciature is a top-level diplomatic mission of the Holy See that is equivalent to an embassy. However, it neither issues visas nor has consulates.
The current United States Ambassador to the Holy See is Joe Donnelly, who replaced the ad interim Chargé d'Affaires, Patrick Connell, on April 11, 2021. The Holy See is represented by its apostolic nuncio, Cardinal Christophe Pierre, who assumed office on April 12, 2016. The U.S. Embassy to the Holy See is located in Rome, in the Villa Domiziana. The Nunciature to the United States is located in Washington, D.C., at 3339 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Giuseppe Bertello is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal since 2012, who was President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and President of the Governorate of Vatican City State from October 2011 to October 2021. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1971 to 2011; became an archbishop in 1987; held appointments as Nuncio to several countries, including Rwanda, Mexico, and Italy; and was the Holy See's representative to a number of international organizations.
This is an index of Vatican City–related topics.
Holy See–United Kingdom relations are foreign relations between the Holy See and the United Kingdom.
The Holy See has long been recognised as a subject of international law and as an active participant in international relations. It is distinct from the city-state of the Vatican City, over which the Holy See has "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction".
Although the Roman Catholic Church has been territorially established in Canada since the founding of New France in the early 16th century, official relations between Canada and the Holy See were only established during the pontificate of Pope Paul VI in 1969.
Foreign relations between Argentina and the Holy See, have existed for over a century. The current pope, Pope Francis, was the former Archbishop of Buenos Aires.
Holy See–Malaysia relations are foreign relations between the Holy See and Malaysia.
India-Holy See relations are the bilateral relations between the India and Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City. Formal bilateral relations between the two exist since 12 June 1948. An Apostolic Delegation existed from 1881. The Holy See has a nunciature in New Delhi while India has accredited its embassy in Vienna, Austria to the Holy See as well. India's Ambassador in Bern has traditionally been accredited to the Holy See. Since 2020, Jaideep Mazumdar, India's ambassador to Austria has been the ambassador to the Holy See. Archbishop Leopoldo Girelli was appointed as the Apostolic Nuncio to India in March 2021.
The Holy See and Indonesia established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1950. Relations are important as part of global interfaith dialogue, because Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim-majority population. Indonesia recognizes Roman Catholicism as one of its six approved religions. The Holy See has a nunciature in Jakarta, while Indonesia has an embassy in Rome.
Holy See–Peru relations are foreign relations between the Holy See and Peru.
Ettore Balestrero is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
Georgia – Holy See relations are bilateral relations between Georgia and the Holy See. The diplomatic relations between the two were established on May 5, 1992. The Georgian Embassy to the Holy See is located in 25 Via Toscana, Rome. The Apostolic Nunciature is located in 40 Zghenti Street, Tbilisi.
Holy See–Philippines relations refers to the relations between the Holy See and the Philippines. As one of two Catholic-majority countries in Asia, the Philippines enjoys significant relations with the Holy See. The Holy See has a nunciature in Manila, and the Philippines has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Central African Republic–Holy See relations refers to the current and historic relationship between the Central African Republic and the Holy See. Diplomatic relations between the two states were established in 1967, but only in recent years they have been increasing their cooperation, with high level visits being made by Pope Francis and President Faustin-Archange Touadéra to each other's countries.
Bulgaria–Holy See relations were formally established in 1990, shortly after the fall of the Bulgarian communist government. Since then, Bulgaria and the Holy See have had an increase in relations, with Pope John Paul II visiting the country in 2002, and more recently visits from Secretary of State Angelo Sodano (2005) and Pietro Parolin (2016).
Dagoberto Campos Salas is a Costa Rican prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He has served as the Apostolic Nuncio to Panama since 2022. He is the first native of Costa Rica to hold the title of apostolic nuncio.
Brazil–Holy See relations are the current and historical relations between Brazil and the Holy See. Catholicism was introduced in Brazil in 1500 by the Portuguese Empire, and it is the country's predominant faith. Brazil also has the world's largest Catholic population. Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1891, Brazil is a secular nation.
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