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The House of Yusupov (Russian : Юсу́повы, romanized: Yusupovy) was a Russian princely family descended from the monarchs of the Nogai Horde, renowned for their immense wealth, philanthropy and art collections in the 18th and 19th centuries.[ citation needed ] Most notably, Prince Felix Yusupov was famous for his involvement in the murder of Grigori Rasputin. [1]
In the 14th century, Edigu, a Mongol from the Manghud tribe and one of Tamerlane's greatest strategists, settled on the north shores of the Black Sea, establishing the Nogai Horde and laying the foundations for the Crimean Khanate.[ citation needed ] Edigu's death was followed by infighting between his descendants, until, in the 15th century, Yusuf became the khan of the Nogai Horde.[ citation needed ]
Yusuf allied himself with Tsar Ivan the Terrible, but the allies eventually became enemies. Yusuf's daughter Söyembikä was Queen of Kazan, and when Kazan was razed by Ivan, she was taken as prisoner to Moscow. [2] After Yusuf died, another period of fighting between his descendants followed until the 17th century, when Abdul Mirza, another descendant, converted from Islam to Eastern Orthodox Christianity under the name of Dmitry. After the conversion, Tsar Feodor I bestowed upon him the title of Prince Yusupov. His descendant Prince Grigori Dmitrievich Yusupov (17 November 1676, Moscow - 2 September 1730, Moscow), General in Chief and Minister of Defence, was a friend of Peter the Great and helped him with the construction of the Russian Navy. In 1720 he was given a fief, the country estate and manor house in Rakityansky District, formerly owned by Ivan Mazepa. [3] He married Anna Nikitichna Akinfova (died 1735), daughter of Okolnichi Nikita Ivanovich Akinfov. The couple had, besides Boris, three more children:[ citation needed ]
Prince Boris Grigorievich Yusupov, Chamberlain in 1730, General Governor of Moscow in 1738, Senator (18 June 1695, Moscow – 3 March 1759, Moscow), son of Prince Grigori, was sent to study with the French Navy at the age of 20. He soon became the Tsar's advisor, and eventually served three sovereigns. During the reign of Empress Elizabeth he was appointed head of the Imperial Schools. In 1756, he encouraged the Empress to form the first Public Theatre in St. Petersburg. He married Irina Mikhailovna Zinovyeva (1718 – 25 March 1788), daughter of Steward Mikhail Petrovich Zinoviev, in 1734. Besides their only male child, the youngest, she also gave birth to four daughters:[ citation needed ]
Boris's eldest son, Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (1751–1831), Senator, Minister of State Properties and Director of the Imperial Theatres, was a keen traveller who spoke five languages and was also a patron of the arts. Nicholas served under a series of sovereigns, including Catherine the Great, Paul I and Alexander I as a private councillor and diplomat. As a diplomat, Nikolai travelled throughout Europe, to France and Versailles, where he met Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, to Germany and Prussia, where he met Frederick the Great, to Austria, where he met Emperor Joseph II, and to Italy. During his journey he purchased a large collection of art for the tsar and was later appointed director of the Hermitage and the Kremlin Armoury. In 1804, Nicholas went to Paris and frequently met Napoleon I, who presented him with a gift of three large tapestries.[ citation needed ]
In 1793 Nikolai married Tatiana Vasilievna von Engelhardt (1 January 1769 – 23 May 1841), one of Prince Potemkin's nieces. The couple lived together in Arkhangelskoye Estate, their luxurious summer residence in Moscow. Nicholas built his own porcelain factory there, with much of the workers coming from France. In 1831 Nicholas died at the age of 80 and was succeeded by his second and only living son, Boris, since their elder son, Nikolai, died in infancy.[ citation needed ]
At the age of 42, Prince Boris Nikolaievich Yusupov (9 June 1794, Moscow – 25 October 1849, Arkhangelskoye Estate), Marshal of the Imperial Court, inherited his immense family wealth, including more than 675,000 acres (2730 km2) of land and more than 40,000 serfs living on it. But unlike his father, Boris was not a patron of the arts. Instead, he was primarily occupied with business concerns. Boris moved to the Moika palace in St. Petersburg (also known as Yusupov Palace) with his second wife, Zenaida Ivanovna Narishkina (18 May 1810 – 26 February 1893), a descendant of the same house as Peter the Great's mother, and their only son Nikolai. The Arkhangelskoye palace was soon derelict; the animals in the palace zoo were sold and much of the collection moved. Boris focused on the family granaries and developed good relationships with the peasants who worked in them. He died in 1849.[ citation needed ]
Boris's only son, Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (12 October 1827, Moscow – 31 July 1891, Baden-Baden), Marshal of the Imperial Court, was much like his uncle Nicholas I, a patron of the arts. He first served in Nicholas's chancery. Nikolai bought a large collection of jewellery, including a 36 carat (7.2 g) diamond known as the Morocco Sultan. The prince later spent much of his time in Southern Europe due to poor health, while also serving the tsar as a diplomat. While in Europe, he bought much to adorn his palace on the Moika, including collections of violins and paintings. He married Countess Tatiana Alexandrovna de Ribeaupierre (29 June 1828 – 14 January 1879), a lady-in-waiting to the Empress, daughter of Comte Alexandre de Ribeaupierre and his wife Ekaterina Mikhailovna Potemkina, another niece of Prince Potemkin. The prince was also a talented musician and composer and was a member of several musical societies. In 1866, he published a book about Yusupov family history, On the Family of the Yusupov Princes: A Collection of Their Life Stories, Charters and Letters of the Russian Sovereigns to Them.[ citation needed ]
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When Nicholas Yusupov died in 1891, he was succeeded by his daughter, Zinaida, who was considered a legendary beauty at the time, as well as one of the richest women in the country. Her suitors included the crown prince of Bulgaria. Princess Zinaida Nikolaievna Yusupova (2 September 1861, Saint Petersburg, Russia – 24 November 1939, Paris, France) married Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov-Elston (5 October 1856, Saint Petersburg, Russia – 10 June 1928, Rome, Italy), General-Governor of Moscow Military District (1915), son of Count Felix Nikolaievich Sumarokov-Elston. They married on 4 April 1882 in Saint Petersburg.[ citation needed ]
After his father-in-law died, Felix was granted special permission from Tsar Alexander III to carry the title Prince Yusupov and Count Sumarokov-Elston and to pass it to his and Zinaida's heir. Felix was appointed adjutant to the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich in 1904 and commanded the cavalry of the Imperial Guards.[ citation needed ]
At the beginning of World War I the Yusupovs owned more than 100,000 acres (400 km2) of land and their industries included sugarbeet factories, brick plants, saw-mills, textile and cardboard factories, mines and distilleries, in addition to more than 16 palaces and estates.[ citation needed ]
The Yusupovs left an imprint on the economic and social development of Rakitnoe. They owned mechanical and agricultural shops, enterprises for tanning sheepskin, cloth, lace and two carpet factories, wind and mechanical mills, forges, parochial schools and railway, a district hospital, houses in the village and Rakitno GEST at the railway junction, the palace complex with a magnificent park and three cascading ponds, the Church of the Assumption and St. Nicholas Church in the village Rakitno; paved roads and a railway station was built.[ citation needed ]
The older son of Zinaida and Felix Sumarokov-Elston, Nikolay Felixovich Yusupov (1883–1908) was killed in a duel at the age of 25. [4] Felix Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston, the younger son of Zinaida and Felix Sumarokov-Elston. He is famous for his involvement in the murder of Grigori Rasputin. Felix Yusupov married Princess Irina, niece of the last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II and a great-granddaughter of King Christian IX. After the murder of Rasputin he was exiled to the Crimea, but returned to St. Petersburg in 1917 to find the city in massive disorder after the February Revolution. He took with him some of his most precious paintings by Rembrandt and jewellery.[ citation needed ]
In April 1919, he left Russia for Paris, never to return. His daughter, Irina, married Count Sheremetev's descendant. They moved to Greece with their children, although recently they were granted Russian citizenship by the Russian President. Princess Irina Felixovna Yusupova died on 30 August 1983 at Cormeilles in France. She was buried alongside her paternal grandparents and her parents at the cemetery Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery in Essonne, France.[ citation needed ]
Knyaz Felix Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston was a Russian aristocrat from the House of Yusupov who is best known for participating in the assassination of Grigori Rasputin and for marrying Princess Irina Alexandrovna, a niece of Emperor Nicholas II.
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Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia was the only daughter and eldest child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. She was the first grandchild of Tsar Alexander III and the only biological niece of Tsar Nicholas II. Irina was married to the wealthiest man in Imperial Russia, Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov. Her husband was one of the men who in 1916 murdered Grigori Rasputin, "holy healer" to Irina's hemophiliac cousin, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.
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Maria Rasputin was the daughter of Grigori Rasputin and his wife Praskovya Fyodorovna Dubrovina. She wrote three memoirs about her father, dealing with Tsar Nicholas II and Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna, the attack by Khionia Guseva, and his 1916 murder. The third one, The Man Behind the Myth, was published in 1977 in association with Patte Barham. In her three memoirs, the veracity of which have been questioned, she painted an almost saintly picture of her father, insisting that most of the negative stories were based on slander and the misinterpretation of facts by his enemies.
Princess Zinaida Nikolayevna Yusupova was a Russian noblewoman, the only heiress of Russia's largest private fortune of her time. Famed for her beauty and the lavishness of her hospitality, she was a leading figure in pre-Revolutionary Russian society. In 1882, she married Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov-Elston, who served briefly as General Governor of Moscow Military District (1914–1915). Zinaida is best known as the mother of Prince Felix Yusupov, the murderer of Rasputin. She escaped revolutionary Russia and spent her remaining years living in exile.
The Palace of the Yusupovs on the Moika, known as the Moika Palace or Yusupov Palace, is a former residence of the Russian noble House of Yusupov in St. Petersburg, Russia, now a museum. The building was the site of Grigori Rasputin's murder in the early morning of December 17, 1916. Sometimes called the Moika Palace to tell it apart from other palaces of the same family in Saint Petersburg, though it is not the only palace on this river in the city.
Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov was a Russian nobleman and art collector of the House of Yusupov.
The Yusupov Palace is a palace located in the town of Koreiz, near Yalta in Crimea. It was built for Prince Felix Yusupov-Soumorokov-Elston and his wife Princess Zinaida Yusupova (1861–1939) in 1909 by Nikolay Krasnov, the architect responsible for the imperial Livadia Palace in nearby Yalta. The palace, whose style may be described as Renaissance Revival and Roman Revival, boasts a romantic park with exotic plants and a wine cellar founded by Prince Lev Galitzine in the 19th century.
Count Mikhail Nikolayevich Sumarokov-Elston was a Russian tennis player. He competed in two events at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Apart from his supremacy in the Russian national championships he was a Maltese champion and various French Riviera titleholder.
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Princess Tatiana Alexandrovna Yusupova was a Russian noblewoman and lady-in-waiting to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, of the Imperial Court of Russia. She was the Countess Ribeaupierre and wife of one of the richest landowners, Prince Nicholas Borisovich Yusupov.
Prince Nicholas Borisovich Yusupov was one of the wealthiest landowners in the Russian Empire, as well as a musician, philanthropist, Active State Councillor (1864) and Chamberlain (1875). He was the maternal grandfather of Felix Yusupov.
Princess Zinaida Ivanovna Yusupova, born Naryshkina was a Russian aristocrat and socialite. She redecorated the Moika Palace to its current style, as well as the Yusupov Dacha in Tsarskoye Selo. She was a recipient of the Order of Theresa.
Prince Boris Nikolaevich Yusupov was a Russian landowner, chamberlain and philanthropist. He was the heir and only son of Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov, and one of Russia's wealthiest aristocrats. He owned the Rakitnoye estate and was the first owner of the Moika Palace from the House of Yusupov.
Prince Nicholas Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston was a Russian aristocrat from the House of Yusupov. He was the elder brother of Felix Yusupov, who was later known as the murderer of Grigori Rasputin.
Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov-Elston, later known as Prince Yusupov after his marriage, was a Russian statesman, nobleman and general. From 1915, he was Governor-General of Moscow, a post previously held by Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov.
Princess Tatiana Nikolaevna Yusupova was the younger daughter of the statesman and landowner Nicholas Yusupov. A member of the Yusupov family, she was one of the wealthiest heiresses in Russia, second only to her older sister Zinaida.
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