Humboldt (crater)

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Humboldt
Humboldt crater AS15-96-13092.jpg
Apollo 15 image
Coordinates 27°01′S80°58′E / 27.02°S 80.96°E / -27.02; 80.96
Diameter 199.46 km (123.94 mi)
Depth Unknown
Colongitude 254° at sunrise
Eponym Wilhelm von Humboldt
The crater area in a Selenochromatic format Image (Si). Hulmboldt Si.jpg
The crater area in a Selenochromatic format Image (Si).
Lunar Orbiter 4 image of Humboldt (right) and the smaller Phillips (left) Humboldt crater Phillips crater 4178 h2.jpg
Lunar Orbiter 4 image of Humboldt (right) and the smaller Phillips (left)
LRO mosaic Humboldt crater LROC WAC.jpg
LRO mosaic

Humboldt is a large lunar impact crater that is located near the eastern limb of the Moon. Due to foreshortening this formation has an extremely oblong appearance. The actual shape of the crater is an irregular circle, with a significant indentation along the southeastern rim where the prominent crater Barnard intrudes. To the north-northwest of Humboldt is the large crater Hecataeus. Phillips is attached to the western rim. The rim of Humboldt is low, worn, and irregular in outline. The central peak forms a range on the crater floor. The floor surface contains a network of rilles forming a pattern of radial spokes and concentric arcs. There are also some dark patches located near the walls to the northeast, northwest, and southeast. There is a chain of craters leading from the northwest crater rim to a distance almost as long as the crater is wide. This formation is designated Catena Humboldt. Due to its location near the lunar limb, little detail was known about this crater until it was photographed by orbiting spacecraft (mainly Lunar Orbiter 4).

Contents

The crater was named after German philologist Wilhelm von Humboldt by the IAU. [1]

Humboldt is one of the largest craters of Upper (Late) Imbrian age. [2]

Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Humboldt. Humboldt N is the largest crater within Humboldt itself, located north of the central peak. Humboldt B is located to the south of Humboldt, on the west rim of the crater Barnard.

HumboldtLatitudeLongitudeDiameter
B30.9° S83.7° E21 km
N26.0° S80.5° E14 km

Catena Humboldt

Catena Humboldt is a crater chain that extends northeast from crater Humboldt, and it is approximately 162 km long. It was named by the IAU in 1976. [3] It passes between the craters Gibbs and Schorr.

Apollo 12 Views

The Apollo 12 mission in 1969 obtained many photographs of Humboldt crater. In the photos below, the central peaks appear white because of the high-Sun elevation angle. The arcuate fractures within Humboldt are evidence of the forces working on the surface of the Moon to change the lunar topography. [4]

Apollo 15 Views

The Apollo 15 mission in 1971 obtained many more photographs of Humboldt crater.

References

  1. Humboldt, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
  2. The geologic history of the Moon. USGS Professional Paper 1348. By Don E. Wilhelms, John F. McCauley, and Newell J. Trask. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington: 1987. Table 11.2.
  3. Catena Humboldt, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
  4. Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report , NASA Special Publication 235, 1970. PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  5. Apollo 15 Preliminary Science Report NASA Special Publication 289, 1972. PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .