Somaliland,officially the Republic of Somaliland,is an unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest,Ethiopia to the south and west,and Somalia to the east. Its claimed territory has an area of 176,120 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi),with approximately 6.2 million people as of 2024. The capital and largest city is Hargeisa.
Greater Somalia sometimes also called Greater Somaliland is the geographic location comprising the regions in the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live and have historically inhabited.
The Eidagalle,is a major Somali clan of the Isaaq clan family. Members of this clan are concentrated in Somaliland and the Somali region. They are the traditional holders of the Isaaq Sultanate since the 18th century. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq,its members form a part of the Habar Magaadle confederation,and they constitute the largest sub-clan of the Isaaq. They traditionally consist of nomadic pastoralists,merchants and skilled poets.
The Isaaq is a major Somali clan. It is one of the largest Somali clan families in the Horn of Africa,with a large and densely populated traditional territory.
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo" is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2010 to 2017. He is a long-time member of the government,having served as Minister of Commerce of the Somali Republic,and among other Cabinet positions. During the 1980s,he also served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement.
Foreign relations of the Republic of Somaliland are the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Somaliland. The region's self-declaration of independence remains unrecognised by the international community.
The Dir is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti,Somalia,Ethiopia,and northeastern Kenya.
The Somali Rebellion was the start of the Somali Civil War that began in the 1970s and resulted in the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic in 1991. The rebellion effectively began in 1978 following a failed coup d’état and President Siad Barre began using his special forces,the "Red Berets",to attack clan-based dissident groups opposed to his regime. Backed by Ethiopia,the two earliest rebel factions,the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) and the Somali National Movement (SNM) began attacks during the against government forces during the early 1980s.
The Awal,also contemporarily known as the Habr Awal,Subeer Awal,and alternately known as the Zubeyr Awal is one of the largest subclans of the wider Isaaq clan family,and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Isamusa and Sa'ad Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habar Magadle confederation.
Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur was a Somali politician who served as the first President of Somaliland from 1991 to 1993. Tuur previously served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement from 1990 to 1991. He also served as the Vice President of Somaliland from 1993 to 1995.
Hussein Abdi Dualeh is a Somali politician and petroleum engineer. He is the former Minister of Energy &Minerals of Somaliland.
The Isaaq genocide,also known as the Hargeisa Holocaust,was the systematic,state-sponsored genocide of Isaaq civilians between 1987 and 1989 by the Somali Democratic Republic,under the dictatorship of Siad Barre,during the Somaliland War of Independence. The number of civilian deaths in this massacre is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000,according to various sources,whilst local reports estimate the total civilian deaths to be upwards of 200,000 Isaaq civilians. The genocide also included the levelling and complete destruction of the second and third largest cities in the Somali Republic,Hargeisa and Burao,respectively,and had caused up to 500,000 Somalis of the region,primarily of the Isaaq clan,to flee their land and cross the border to Hartasheikh in Ethiopia as refugees in what was described as "one of the fastest and largest forced movements of people recorded in Africa",which resulted in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp then (1988),with another 400,000 being displaced. The scale of destruction led to Hargeisa being known as the 'Dresden of Africa'. The killings happened during the Somali Civil War and have been referred to as a "forgotten genocide".
The 1961 revolt in Somalia was an unsuccessful revolt and coup d'état attempt in northern Somalia which took place in December 1961. The coup plotters,a group of northern junior officers,intended to restore the independence of the State of Somaliland.
Events of 2020 in Somaliland.
The Somaliland War of Independence was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland,the Isaaq,including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978.
Events in the year 2022 in Somaliland.
The 2022 Waheen Market fire was a fire that took place in Hargeisa in the self-proclaimed nation of Somaliland on 1 April 2022. While there were no deaths,damages from the fire amounted to around USD $2 billion,or 60% of Somaliland's GDP.
Abdisaid Muse Ali is a Somali politician and was the National Security Advisor to the President of Somalia from 2017 to 2021,and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somalia to from 2021 to 2022. Ali was forced to leave office after he was suspended by then Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble over an alleged crime which was later dismissed,and has not run for political office since. As Foreign Affairs Minister,Ali increased cooperation between Somalia and China and fought against growing Somaliland–Taiwan relations.
